You can use ONE of the below approaches. You need to pick one and stick to it. The short story that you will be writing about the short story “Metamorphosis” by Franz Kafka.
Formalist Criticism: This approach regards literature as “a unique form of
human knowledge that needs to be examined on its own terms.” All the
elements necessary for understanding the work are contained within the
work itself. Of particular interest to the formalist critic are the
elements of form-style, structure, tone, imagery, etc. that are found
within the text. A primary goal for formalist critics is to determine how
such elements work together with the text’s content to shape its effects
upon readers.
Biographical Criticism: This approach “begins with the simple but central
insight that literature is written by actual people and that understanding
an author’s life can help readers more thoroughly comprehend the work.”
Hence, it often affords a practical method by which readers can better
understand a text. However, a biographical critic must be careful not to
take the biographical facts of a writer’s life too far in criticizing the
works of that writer: the biographical critic “focuses on explicating the
literary work by using the insight provided by knowledge of the author’s
life…. [B]iographical data should amplify the meaning of the text, not
drown it out with irrelevant material.”
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