Category: Essays

In the essay “What is History?,” commissioned by the American Historical
Association in 1985, historian Peter Stearns attempted to capture the heart of
the historian’s craft. “Historians are always at work reinterpreting the past,
asking new questions, searching new sources and finding new meanings in old
documents in order to bring the perspective of new knowledge and experience to
bear on the task of understanding the past.” This means, according to Stearns,
that what we know and believe about history is always in flux.

Scholarship on the Holocaust, as with other subjects of academic inquiry, has
developed and changed significantly since its inception at the end of World War
II. This assignment asks you to trace how scholars have developed and changed
their perspectives on a question within the field of Holocaust Studies. The aim of
this assignment is not to write a research paper and certainly not a historical
report, but rather to write a thesis-driven essay that examines different scholarly
perspectives and claims on a topic of interest to you within Holocaust
scholarship. Once you identify your topic and sources, (possible questions on
pages 4-7 below) you should be able to commence writing your paper in
response to the prompt below:

How would you characterize and assess the key positions in this debate and the key points of contention? What do you see as the larger significance of the debate for understanding the Holocaust?

As you analyze the books or articles on your chosen topic, you will also need to consider some of the following points:

a. How would you characterize the specific questions and perspective of the works you are analyzing?
b. How do you evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the arguments, evidence, and interpretation?
c. What is the relationship between the arguments? How do the respective arguments in each work complement or contradict each other?
d. Which arguments do you find most convincing and why?

Topic that I chose : Resistance Among European Jews
At the beginning of the 1960s, two important scholars described Jewish victims of the Nazis as going passively to their deaths instead of resourcefully utilizing possible opportunities for resistance. This characterization aroused scholarly discussion around the very definition of “resistance” and Jewish responses to Nazi persecution more generally. How would you characterize and assess the key positions in the debate about the definition of resistance and the key points of contention? What do you see as the larger significance of the debate for understanding the Holocaust?

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Question
Work sheet and essay must be completed. Worksheet will be a guide for the essay.
You will study three enterprise agreements. Focusing on one of those agreements as a reference point,
a. Identify significant differences between that agreement from the two other agreements reviewed in your group (worksheet).
b. Assess the degree to which the agreement differs from the relevant Modern Award (worksheet).
c. Discuss the reasons for the differences you uncovered for (a) and (b) (600 words in essay-format).

3 chosen enterprises
-Bankstown Airport limited corporate specialists enterprise agreement 2013 (AE402413)
-Mining Service Enterprise agreement 2013 (AE406744)
-State Orchestra of Victoria Enterprise agreement (AE406303)

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A. What is the main purpose of this study? B. what are the research questions? C. Why is it important? D. What are the main contributions? E. What data is used for the tests? F. What models or methods are used to test the questions? G. What are the major findings? H. What are the main limitations? I. What is the conclusion of the paper and what could be future research?

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First person.
At the end you have to write about why you choose to write about this.

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ESSAY QUESTION:

In A Canticle for Leibowitz, Walter Miller suggests that the desire to re-create paradise is a reason why science and technology ultimately ruin environments and societies. Do you agree or disagree with him? Defend your answer by critically responding to the course materials

ESSAY INSTRUCTIONS:
Essays should be substantial pieces of analysis. They should not simply report, summarize, or review course materials (although you ought to draw from class presentations, discussion and readings). Essays should demonstrate thoughtful reflection, evaluation, and should embody a critical and conceptual argument in which various angles of the question are explored in fairness and at length. (For further help in this regard, consult either the Weston, Vaughn or Feinberg texts on reserve for you in the St. Joe’s library. Additionally, the University offers various services to assist with academic writing, including the Centre for Writers and the Student Success Centre.)
Your essay may not exceed 1200 words. Typically, that means four pages of text at 250-300 words per page. Provide a word count at the end of your essay. Excess will be severely penalized: I will not read more than four pages (1200 words) of typed text, properly formatted (not including title page or references).
Use whitish letter-size paper, 12-point font, full double-spacing (nothing less!), 1" margins and a simple typeface (Times New Roman is all you need).
Number your pages, but not your title page. Page one should be the first page of your text body.
Citations: – For a paper this length, you should not need to consult many sources beyond the course materials.
The big idea in your paper. – All (text-based) references must be to scholarly publications with page numbers. That is, a hard-copy publication of the work must exist somewhere on Earth and you must reference it and not the http address, even if you accessed it online. This excludes wikipedia and the like, but not e-journals published exclusively online.
– All references must conform to Chicago footnoting style, as is standard in the humanities. – Turabian’s manual (a truncation of the Chicago Manual of Style) is in the reference stacks of any
library on campus. – If you still have trouble with footnotes, consult a librarian.
– Footnotes should not contain anything other than cited sources. You do not have space for quoting text or discussing stuff in your footnotes.
If you still find that you have so many footnotes that you cannot squeeze 250 words onto each page, I will permit you to use endnotes. But this really shouldn’t be necessary.

ESSAY SUGGESTIONS:Do not use flashy language or unnecessarily big words. Just be as forthright as you know how. This is an argumentative essay, not a piece of journalism or literary criticism. No empty rhetoric! Your reader is looking for rational content, and not much else.
You may use the first-person in your essay. In fact, this will make it easier to distinguish your own positions from those you will be surveying. However, be on guard: using the first person (especially “I believe”) is no replacement for actually substantiating your beliefs. Ensure that every time you make a first person statement, you continue on to explain why or for what reasons (i.e., “because”) you believe or think as you do. The same duty to provide rational explanation holds also for your treatment of other authors, of course.
I highly recommend that you make an outline before you write your essay, and that you follow your outline closely during writing. This will help you to follow your own train of thought. It is especially helpful to break the question, and thus the answer, into manageable and ordered chunks, and then to plan how much time & space will be devoted to each chunk.
Make sure you know what your conclusion is before you start writing your final draft. Make sure you state it very clearly at the end of your essay (be blunt). Typically, your conclusion should comprise only a single sentence.
Do not bring in new points or arguments into your concluding paragraph. The support for your position should be established before you wrap up. End your essay with a summary only.
Your introductory “paragraph” can be a single sentence in an essay this short. Just tell me what you are going to do in the essay; don’t try to be catchy.
Much of your essay (the exact proportion will vary) will consist of “analysis” – that is, a clear explanation of the positions and/or concepts you are examining in the essay.
The rest of the essay will thus consist of “the point” of doing your analysis at all – that is, the actual comparison or assessment. On the basis of your analyses, therefore, you will proceed to establish your conclusion by presenting your own argumentation.
The basic rule of good argumentation: show, don’t tell.

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Select a reading from weeks 5 or 6 and describe its relevance (or irrelevance) to your own work, policy
field or policy field of interest (if you are not working or wish to use another example). You need to
do a number of things in the paper:
1. You need to first briefly describe the article and identify some theoretical insights or proposition
from the reading about the practice of policy advocacy, for example: Using the distinction between
rhetoric that is bridging and rhetoric that is bonding to guide inclusion in policy deliberation
(Dryzek 2010); OR the claim that deliberation between policy actors about benchmarks can lead to
reflection and bottom up learning (Sabel & Zeitlin 2012, Grace & Fenna 2013); OR the distinction
between policy frames and action frames (Rein & Schon 1994). There may of course be other
insights you want to examine from these readings or lectures.
2. Identify some criticisms, conditions or limits to these claims as described in other academic texts
and/or from your own experience with policy making and deliberation.
3. Provide at least one empirical example from (your) organization or policy field that illustrates the
insight or alternatively proves or disproves it. It maybe you have competing examples of proof or
disproof.
4. Consider the ?conditions? of your empirical example that may have been important for the insight
(or not) that you have found.

*NB: There will be requests for different people to briefly present their propositions and examples in
the class of September 4!

Assessment Criteria

 Demonstrated understanding of the theoretical insights or claims being drawn from the article
 Ability to identify and grasp critique of the academic reading under study
 Ability to write clearly and in a well-structured way
 The identification of relevant examples and the capacity to analyze them from the ?lens? or
?claim? of the reading under study.
 Ability to reflect upon the conditions that may have played a role in the applicability of the
example you have chosen to examine.
 Ability to engage the interest of the reader
 The application of academic conventions for citation and list of references at the conclusion of
your paper.

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This coursework is divided into two sections the main report and the list of appendices the report must be no more than 3500 words and the appendices 2000.

*This is about writing a business plan of opening a new Mexican Restaurant called LA Plaza to be situated in Liverpool city centre in the UK. The restaurant will be dealing in vegetarian foods and blended beverages of Mexican origin.

*There will be an example uploaded of a business plan from last year student that got around 70%. also i’ll upload some useful sources that will help you during writing the report and if i foun other sources i’ll send them to you later.

*The example has not included the appendices as too much of this information could be directly copied in to reports by the students, but at the end of the report is a list of the appendices that were included and should act as a good guide for what is expected in the report.

You should use this example as a guide for the format of the report and not copy any work or references.

*The proforma of the report MUST be as follows:

Section 1
Executive summary
? Business name and description
? Briefly describe what follows

Section 2
The business and its management
? Mission
? Objectives (short and long term)
? Activities: how you will achieve your objectives
? The management team: skills required and where and how you will ensure your team has the necessary skills
? Advantages and disadvantages of the options and describe and explain your choice of legal structure

Section 3
The product or services
? Product or service description
? Readiness for market
? Describe features of your product and benefits to your customer
? Comparison with competition and description of how your product or service is different
? Product life cycle

Section 4
Market and competitors
? Overview of primary and secondary research undertaken with clear justification for your research design
? Customer needs
? Market segments, size and growth
? Short term and long term market projections, using models to undertake trend analysis
? Competitor analysis, applying appropriate models and identification of USP

Section 5
Competitive business strategy
? Suppliers and costs
? Pricing policy
? Advertising and promotional plan (SMART action plan)
? Consideration of place and appropriate distribution channels
? Market share projection
? Appraisal of factors effecting strategy, using models such as: SWOT, PESTLE.

Section 6
Operations
? Staffing requirements
? Quality control of products / services and business processes
? Policies and procedures required to ensure compliance and potential best practices

Section 7
Forecasts and financial data
? Sales forecast
? Cash flow forecast
? Projected profit and loss account
? Projected balance sheet
? Break even analysis
? Assumptions underpinning forecasts
? Sensitivity analysis
? Financing requirements

General
? Logical structure
? Coherent, clear and concise content
? Clearly labelled and well-presented appendix
? Appropriate presentation and referencing

these are a recommended text books to be used in the report:

1- Barrow, D., Barrow, P. & Brown, R (2012), The Business Plan Workbook, Kogan Page Ltd
ISBN 0749464615

2- Mullins, J W, (2010), The Business Road Test, FT/Prentice Hall,
ISBN 027373279X

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*This coursework is divided into two sections the main report and the list of appendices the report must be no more than 3500 words and the appendices 2000.

*This is about writing a business plan of opening a new coffee shop called Najran Coffee Shop to be situated in Liverpool city centre in the UK. The coffee shop will focus on selling beverages the normal coffees and coffees from other countries such as chinese tea, turkish coffee and arabic coffee also there will be food available in the store.

*There will be an example uploaded of a business plan from last year student that got around 70%. also i’ll upload some useful sources that will help you during writing the report and if i foun other sources i’ll send them to you later.

*The example has not include the appendices as too much of this information could be directly copied in to reports by the students, but at the end of the report is a list of the appendices that were included and should act as a good guide for what is expected in the report.

You should use this example as a guide for the format of the report and not copy any work or references.

*The proforma of the report MUST be as follows:

Section 1
Executive summary
? Business name and description
? Briefly describe what follows

Section 2
The business and its management
? Mission
? Objectives (short and long term)
? Activities: how you will achieve your objectives
? The management team: skills required and where and how you will ensure your team has the necessary skills
? Advantages and disadvantages of the options and describe and explain your choice of legal structure

Section 3
The product or services
? Product or service description
? Readiness for market
? Describe features of your product and benefits to your customer
? Comparison with competition and description of how your product or service is different
? Product life cycle

Section 4
Market and competitors
? Overview of primary and secondary research undertaken with clear justification for your research design
? Customer needs
? Market segments, size and growth
? Short term and long term market projections, using models to undertake trend analysis
? Competitor analysis, applying appropriate models and identification of USP

Section 5
Competitive business strategy
? Suppliers and costs
? Pricing policy
? Advertising and promotional plan (SMART action plan)
? Consideration of place and appropriate distribution channels
? Market share projection
? Appraisal of factors effecting strategy, using models such as: SWOT, PESTLE.

Section 6
Operations
? Staffing requirements
? Quality control of products / services and business processes
? Policies and procedures required to ensure compliance and potential best practices

Section 7
Forecasts and financial data
? Sales forecast
? Cash flow forecast
? Projected profit and loss account
? Projected balance sheet
? Break even analysis
? Assumptions underpinning forecasts
? Sensitivity analysis
? Financing requirements

General
? Logical structure
? Coherent, clear and concise content
? Clearly labelled and well-presented appendix
? Appropriate presentation and referencing

*these are a recommended text books to be used in the report:

1- Barrow, D., Barrow, P. & Brown, R (2012), The Business Plan Workbook, Kogan Page Ltd ISBN 0749464615

2- Mullins, J W, (2010), The Business Road Test, FT/Prentice Hall, ISBN 027373279X

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Research Paper Guidelines: 20 pages, 20 references:
1. Use APA style
2. Type on standard-sized (8.5 by 11) paper.
3. Double-spaced
4. One inch margins on all sides
5. Use Times New Roman, 12 point font
6. Insert page numbers, bottom, centered
7. No page headers please
8. No more than 2 to 3 direct quotes if at all. I prefer no quotes.
9. Student must submit paper to Turn It In & attach feedback to paper.
10. Organize paper into 7 major Sections: (a) Title Page (this is your title page) (b)Abstract, (c)Introduction, (d)Literature Review, (e)Conclusion, (f)Suggestions for Future Research, (g) References (per prior instructions)
Total # of Pages (including references) ___________
Total # of References _____________(this is not the annotated bibliography)
Types of References (check the one that applies):
_______All my references are academic journals, or
______ Not all my references are academic journals
#______ of direct quotations (prefer none, but 2 to 3 is acceptable).
Did you follow all instructions outlined in Research Paper Guidelines above? (yes/no) ______
Is attendance sheet from Writing Center Tutor Attached? (yes/no) ________
Is the report from Turnitin attached? (yes/no)___________

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“Since the United Charter was drafted in 1945, the increasing capability of non-state actors to threaten national security has led to a wider right by states to use force in self-defence ” Critically discuss.

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