Pick FOUR essays from the choices below from Statris’ book, but not any TWO from the same chapter. Write out the question per chapter and answer below in 250-400 words EACH in MLA format. Indicate the question you are answering as well (i.e., Chapter 1 Question 2). If you cite any sources, text, or otherwise, make sure you cite INSIDE the text, for instance (Rachels 16). You are giving the author AND the page number. Then, at the end, give a full WORKS CITED in MLA. Remember, QUALITY, not just quantity. Show what you have learned! If you cannot answer a question in these parameters, choose another one.
Chapter 6
Essay Questions
1. How is cloning like and unlike forms of assisted reproduction?
2. If human cloning were to proceed, who would be most likely to make
use of it? What sorts of problems, if any, might this use raise?
3. Is the threat to human individuality posed by cloning a serious
one? Explain.
Chapter 8
Essay Questions
1. If there is a need for more human organs (such as kidneys), why would opponents reject the idea of a market—which uses the law of supply and demand in order to meet that need?
2. Consider a market in organs from the point of view of a seller and also from the point of view of a buyer. Would a free market in the buying and selling of human organs bring about the oppression of the poor by the rich? (Can the selling market be separated from the buying market, or do these two always have to go together?)
3. Childress claims that a market in body parts would have great social costs and that important values would be overlooked. What sorts of costs and values is he talking about? Do you think he is correct?
Chapter 11
Essay Questions
11. Consider the idea that blacks should be represented in various
areas of employment at about the same ratio that they hold in the
general population. How do Mosley and Pojman respond to this idea?
12. How does a forward-looking approach to affirmative action differ
from a backward-looking approach?
13. What does Mosley mean when he accuses white males of being
recipients of "stolen goods"? Is this a charge that is supposed to
apply to all white males or just to some of them? Is there really
something to such a charge?
14. What distinction does Pojman make between Weak Affirmative Action
and Strong Affirmative Action? Why are his views about these so
different?
Chapter 12
Essay Questions
1. Van den Haag wants to separate out the question of the
constitutionality of the death penalty from questions of its
distribution or administration. What case can be made against
this? Is such a separation possible?
2. Defend the death penalty against the following objections: (1)
The death penalty is discriminatory; (2) Sometimes innocent
people are killed; and (3) It is no more effective as a
deterrent than life in prison. Which objection to capital
punishment is the strongest? Which is the weakest? Explain.
3. Are there some limits that should be observed in the punishment
of serious criminals? If lines are to be drawn, how are they to
be established? If not, explain why not.
Chapter 13
Essay Questions
1. What, according to Bagaric and Clarke, would be the chief benefit of torture? How persuasive is Devine in responding to this point? Has either argument influenced your own opinions regarding torture? Why or why not?
2. Does torture have a use in either (a) punishing the guilty, or (b) extracting information from people who are very reluctant to give that information? Explain.
3. Suppose, in an example like that given by Bagaric and Clarke, a terrorist has planted a bomb on a transatlantic flight. Would it be all right to torture this person in order to find out which flight? Suppose the terrorist who planted the bomb is hiding. Would it be all right to torture his parents or brother or wife or children (or perhaps all of them) in order to learn his whereabouts? For each case, briefly discuss your reasoning.
Chapter 15
Essay Questions
1. What is it about the traditional practices of Muslims and Jews that Rolston finds morally problematic? What exactly is his moral concern here?
2. Rolston uses various distinctions, such as the distinction between nature and culture, or that between environmental ethics and interpersonal ethics. Choose one of these distinctions and show how it is that this distinction applies to vegetarianism.
3. All things considered, do you think that Rolston or Fox makes a better case. Why?
Chapter 17
Essay Questions
1. According to Bailey, under the “precautionary principle,” regulators
do not need to show scientifically that a biotech crop is unsafe
before banning it; they need only assert that it has not been proved
harmless. Explain why, in your own opinion, you would advocate or
contest this precautionary principle.
2. As cited by Bailey, Ismail Serageldin (director of the Consultative
Group on International Agricultural Research) posed this challenge
at an annual meeting of the American Association for the
Advancement of Science: “I ask opponents of biotechnology, do you
want 2 to 3 million children a year to go blind and 1 million to
die of vitamin A deficiency, just because you object to the way
golden rice was created?” Why do you think the opposition continues
to be undeterred in the face of such sentiment?
3. Fox begins his essay with this quote by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe:
“Every creature has its own reason to be. All its parts have a
direct effect on one another, a relationship to one another,
thereby constantly renewing the circle of life.” Do you believe (as
Fox clearly does) that this observation made by writer,
philosopher, poet, scientist Goethe more than 200 years ago is
still worthy of serious social and scientific regard today? Why or
why not?
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