Your research essay is to be supported by at least four [4] sources that are scholarly books [novels do not count] or scholarly journal articles. Scholarly journal articles may be or include articles accessed through UB Libraries’ J-Stor and other programs or through other web sites run and edited by scholars.. These minimal scholarly sources are of first importance; others such as course texts, course readings, dictionaries, encyclopedias, or web sites for other world civ courses are at best secondary additions. All sources used should be listed in your essay’s bibliography. List books or articles by their author, title, etc., including those accessed at web sites; adding the web site address is optional but not a substitute for listing by author, title, .etc.
2. Styles:
Your research essay may use any of the standard styles presented in the style books listed in the UB Libraries web site for writing aids and style manuals:
http://library.buffalo.edu/libraries/asl/guides/writingstyle.html
Quotations should be identified and referenced by source. You may use footnotes, endnotes or intra-text notes [parenthetical notes in the body of the text that reference a source listed in the bibliography by author and the page from which the quotation is taken]. Again, list sources by their author, title, etc., including those accessed at web sites; adding the web site address is optional but not a substitute for listing by author, title, .etc.
3. Research Essay Outline and Notes:
Your essay is to be accompanied by an outline and samples, at least, of the notes you took as you researched it. The outline is to reflect the structure of your essay. The research notes may be 3×5″ cards, photocopies of pages from books or journal articles, prints of web pages, prints of pages of *.pdf files, or pages of notes hand-written or “typed”. Whatever their form, their sources should be identified. These research notes are in addition to footnotes, endnotes, or intra-text notes and bibliography in the essay itself. While not all your research notes have to accompany your essay, include enough to show that you did the research for the essay. Any essay not supported by outline and research notes may be considered plagiarized and result in a course grade of ‘F’.
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