exam consists of 40 questions (32 multiple choice, 8 T/F and two short answer). length 2 and a half hours. topics covered:
Module 1: Introduction – Professional Foundations:
Learning Objectives
Develop an understanding of course expectations.
Begin to consider the relationship of law and ethics to the nursing profession.
Explore the concept of professionalism and characteristics of nursing professionals.
Examine the College of Nurses Professional Standards Document.
Module 2: Canadian Legal System – Introduction to CNO and RHPA
Overview
Nurses with a working knowledge of the legal system are better able to deal with the rules and regulations that govern their profession, their relationships with clients, physicians and other health care practitioners, and the health care system.
Learning Objectives
Review foundational concepts related to the Canadian legal system.
Develop a beginning understanding of the relationship better Canadian law and professional nursing practice.
Reading Assignment
Keatings, M., & Smith, O. (2010). The Canadian legal system. In, Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing. (2nd ed.). Toronto, ON: Saunders. Chapter 4.
“CNO (2009). RHPA Scope of Practice: Controlled Acts Model” at:
http://www.cno.org/Global/docs/policy/41052_RHPAscope.pdf
CNO (2009) Practice Guideline: Utilization of RNs and RPNs at
http://www.cno.org/Global/docs/prac/41062_UtilizeRnRpn.pdf
As you read, make note of the following:
What system of law is present in Ontario?
What are the sources of common law?
What is due process?
How does Ontario civil law differ from criminal law?
What are the three classes of criminal offenses in the Criminal Code of Canada
What fundamental rights are granted to all Canadians?
What is RHPA?
What are controlled acts?
Which controlled acts are authorized to nursing?
PowerPoint Presentation
Presentation: Canadian Legal System
Watch the presentation in PDF format.
Online Activity
Visit the CNO website. Most of you are familiar with this website as the CNO regulates both RPNs and RNs. On the main page you will see a blue ribbon. Choose the section called “learn about the standards and guidelines”. From this page choose “College Documents” > ”standards and guidelines” > ”professional standards”.
NOTE: There is also a link on the left hand side called ‘complete documents’ list. This is handy when you are trying to quickly locate a CNO document.
Module 3: Ethics: Theories, Values, and Principles
Overview
Ethics is the systematic exploration of questions about what is morally right and morally wrong… as nurses, we have the opportunity to defend and protect patient rights, to promote compassionate care, and to enhance the dignity and autonomy of our patients or clients (Keatings & Smith, 2000). It is critical that nurses continuously expand their knowledge and skill in ensuring the provision of safe and ethical care for clients. While there are very few absolute rules and directives, there are guidelines and tools to assist nurses is making ethical decisions.
Learning Objectives
Explore ethical theories and principles.
Examine CNA Code of Ethics and CNO Values.
Begin to identify situations that cause ethical/moral distress within your own practice.
Consider others’ experiences and potential diversity in perspective.
Reading Assignment
Keatings, M., & Smith, O. (2010). Ethical theoretical perspectives. In, Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing. (2nd ed.). Toronto, ON: Saunders.
CNO Compendium – Practice Standard –ETHICS
http://www.cno.org/Global/docs/prac/41034_Ethics.pdf
Canadian Nurses Association. (2008). “Code of Ethics for Registered Nurses” at:
http://www.cna-nurses.ca/CNA/documents/pdf/publications/ Code_of_Ethics_2008_e.pdf
PowerPoint Presentation
Presentation: Theories, Principles and Values
Watch the presentation in PDF format.
Web Activity
“CNO Learning module: Ethics” at: http://www.cno.org/en/learn-about-standards-guidelines/educational-tools/learning-modules/ethics/
As you read make note of the following:
How do the theories differ in their approach?
What evidence of the ethical principles and theories do you see in the CNO Practice Standards?
Module 4: Ethical Decision Making
Overview
As a nurse, your input into ethical decision-making can make a difference for the patient and/or the circumstances under consideration. It is, therefore, your responsibility to adequately prepare yourself to provide that input.
– Everyday Ethics, CNA, 2004
An ethical decision-making model or framework can assist you and your team in coming to the best decision. Frameworks guide you through the decision-making process where values are clarified, legal guidelines are articulated and patient needs/desires/values are central.
Learning Objectives
Recognizing the value in using a framework to guide decision-making
Beginning to experience the ‘fit’ or ‘feel’ of various decision-making models
Reading Assignment
Keatings, M. & Smith, O. (2010). Ethics resources for nurses. In M. Keatings, and O. Smith (3rd Eds.), Ethical and legal issues in Canadian nursing. Toronto, ON: Elsevier.
Please review the following:
“CNO (2009). Practice Standard: Ethics” at:
http://www.cno.org/Global/docs/prac/41034_Ethics.pdf
Canadian Nurses Association. (2008). Code of Ethics for Registered Nurses at”
http://www.cna-nurses.ca/CNA/documents/pdf/publications/ Code_of_Ethics_2008_e.pdf
PowerPoint Presentation
Presentation 1: Ethical Decision Making
Watch the presentation in PDF format.
As you read make note of the following:
What are the steps of each of the ethical decision-making models?
Note the CNO and CNA documents have different models and your text introduces a third.
Module 5:College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO)
Overview
In Ontario, nursing is a Regulated Health Profession and must meet specific criteria to maintain that status. The College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO) plays a key role in ensuring the quality of nursing services in Ontario, as well as providing leadership to the nursing profession in self-regulation.
Learning Objectives
Recognize the position of the College of Nurses of Ontario within the nurse’s career.
Begin to understand how the CNO protects the public.
Reflect on the CNO’s responsibility to provide information about the profession and the professionals to the public.
Become familiar with Practice Standards and Practice Guidelines
Review the changes to the Quality Assurance process.
Reading Assignment
Explore the College of Nurses of Ontario website – gain a general understanding of its set-up and locate critical documents within.
http://www.cno.org/
PowerPoint Presentation
Presentation: College of Nurses of Ontario and Quality Assurance Process
Watch the presentation in PDF format.
Web Activity
“CNO Learning Module Quality Assurance Program: Self Assessment” at:
http://www.cno.org/en/learn-about-standards-guidelines/educational-tools/learning-modules/quality-assurance-program-self-assessment/
As you explore, please make note of the following:
How does the CNO Quality Assurance Process encourage you to become familiar with the practice standards and guidelines?
Which two practice standards are the focuses of the 2011 cycle?
Module 6: Patient Rights – Privacy, Confidentiality, and Consent
Overview
In addition to individual rights, health care clients have a number of additional rights granted to them by law. As nurses, we have an obligation to ensure that patients’ rights are upheld. These rights include respect, privacy, confidentiality, veracity, liberty to give or refuse informed consent. These rights extend to the right to refuse or discontinue treatment and the right to die with dignity (Keatings & Smith, 2010).
Learning Objectives
Understand patient rights and responsibilities and health-care professional obligations.
Understand the legislative guidelines and their practical application related to confidentiality and privacy.
Explore the concept of autonomy and its role in informed consent.
Describe the nurse’s role in the informed consent process.
Explore ways to uphold patient rights within your practice.
Reading Assignment
Keatings, M., & Smith, O. (2010). Patient rights. In M. Keating & O. Smith (Ed.). Ethical and legal issues in Canadian nursing. Toronto,ON: Mosby.
CNO (2009). Practice Standard: Confidentiality and privacy – Personal health information. College of Nurses of Ontario.
http://www.cno.org/Global/docs/prac/41069_privacy.pdf
CNO (2009). Practice Guideline: Consent. Author
http://www.cno.org/Global/docs/policy/41020_consent.pdf
PowerPoint Presentation
Presentation: Patient Rights
Watch the presentation in PDF format.
Web Activity
CNO Learning Module
http://www.cno.org/en/learn-about-standards-guidelines/educational-tools/learning-modules/consent/
As you read, make note of the following:
What is a right?
What are obligations?
What is the Health Care Consent Act?
What are Substitute Decision-Makers?
Compare the different types of consent (informed, implied, expressed, oral, written).
How do you obtain consent from incompetent adults? Children? In emergencies?
List the clients’ rights as outlined in the text.
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