Essay II

Assignment 9

Essays Part II:

Your writing should illustrate knowledge of the concepts through an original personal and/or professional integration of the assigned text material. All assignments MUST be typed, double-spaced, in APA style, and must be written at graduate level English. The content, conciseness, and clarity of your answers will be considered in the evaluation of your work. These answers should be ½ – 1 page per question. You must integrate the material presented in the text and cite your work according to APA format.

1. People with a deliberative mindset are very good at thinking about what they need to do, whereas people who have developed an implemental mindset have the ability to narrow in on a specific goal or facets of a specific goal. Considering an example from your own life, how might you develop a deliberative or implemental mindset to complement the mindset that you already use?

2. What is your understanding of the difference between self-efficacy and ability? Is there a difference? Is the difference important? Give an original example to support your response.

3. Imagine being a cognitively oriented therapist who has two clients. One client suffers from severe self-doubt about his capacity to cope successfully with the demands of college. College is an overwhelming experience. What strategies might you use to reverse his high doubt and replace it with high confidence? The other client suffers from severe helplessness about her capacity to cope successfully with her boyfriend relationship. Her boyfriend is unresponsive, and everything she tries to do to improve the relationship seems to fall on a deaf ear. What strategies might you use to reverse her high helplessness and replace it with mastery motivation?

4. Suppose you are a counselor at a summer camp for delinquent pre-teenage boys who lack any occupational aspirations and exhibit antisocial interaction styles. You are having a meeting to brainstorm how to use the possible selves literature to provide these boys with an expanded view of their future selves. Would this meeting be a good idea or a bad idea, and why? Include a discussion of the biological basis of antisocial behavior.

5. In the following example, explain why the emotion of fear/terror rather than the physiological need for air is the primary motivator: A child puts a sweater on over his head, it gets stuck, and the child experiences a moment of air deprivation. He then shows panic-like emotion and finally coping behavior. Differentiate between the emotional and biological aspects of the child’s reaction.

6. Discuss the “cognition versus biology” debate in the study of emotion. Outline first the cognitive position and then the biological position. Discuss one possible, satisfying resolution to the cognition versus biology debate, using an original example to illustrate this resolution.

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Video Questions

This part of your examination is worth 80 points and consists of 1 Video question

Video Questions

Create a video demonstrating your understanding of sports conditioning training. The video portion of your final exam should be completed within the following guidelines:
Introduce yourself by name, school, or association that you work for, etc.
Identify the athlete and sport you are coaching and the athlete’s position in the training cycle.
Introduce the layout of the training program and then begin training. (NOTE: Training should be specific for the athlete’s needs.)
Walk through training techniques with both verbal explanation and physical demonstration.
Include both a warm-up and cool-down routine with both verbal explanation and physical demonstration.

If you cannot do a video you can write a 1,500 word (3 page) essay on what would have been done in the video itself.

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Managing Human Resources

ASSIGNMENT FRONT SHEET
Unit 22 – Managing Human Resources
Learning Hours: 60 Hours. Self-learning hours: 90 hours. Course: HND Business – Level 4 CREDIT VALUE: 15 CREDITS Term:
Module Leader: Mr Emmanuel Wanki Lecturer: Internal Verifier: Mrs Sunita Kotta
ASSIGNMENT TITLE:

Learners Name Term: Cohort: Intake:
Registration Number Campus:
Hand out Date: 31/5/2016 Submission Date: 16/9/2016
Final due date for Jan 2016 (25/11/2016), no more feedback or submission allowed after this date Final due date for April 2016 (27/01/2017),
no more feedback or submission allowed after this date
Learning Outcome
Assessment Criteria In this assessment you will have the opportunity to present evidence that shows you are able to: Task Number
Evidence Page number
LO 1. Understand the different perspectives of human resource management
1.1 explain Quest’s model of MHR 1
1.2 compare the differences between Storey’s definitions of HRM, personnel and IR practices 1
1.3 assess the implications for line managers and employees of developing a strategic approach to HRM 1
LO2 Understand ways of developing flexibility within the workplace
2.1 explain how a model of flexibility might be applied in practice 2
2.2 discuss the types of flexibility which may be developed by an organisation 2
2.3 assess the use of flexible working practices from both the employee and the employer perspective 2
2.4 discuss the impact that changes in the labour market have had on flexible working practices
LO3: Understand the impact of equal opportunities within the workplace
3.1 explain the forms of discrimination that can take place in the workplace 3
3.2 discuss the practical implications of equal opportunities legislation for an organisation 3
3.3 compare the approaches to managing equal opportunities and managing diversity 3
LO 4: Understand approaches to human resources practices in organisations 4.1 compare different methods of performance management 4
4.2 assess the approaches to the practice of managing employee welfare in a selected organisation 4
4.3 discuss the implications of health and safety legislation on human resources practices 4
4.4 evaluate the impact of one topical issue on human resources practices.
Please see that you include the Turnitin report. This work will not be accepted without the
Turn it in report. Report attached: Yes
No If no Reason: % of the turn it in report.
Learners Declaration: I certify that the work submitted for this unit is my own and the research sources are fully acknowledged.
Learners Signature: Date:
Plagiarism:
Any act of plagiarism will be seriously dealt with according to the colleges and awarding bodies’ regulations. In this context the definition and scope of plagiarism are presented below:
Plagiarism is presenting someone’s work as your won. It includes copying information directly from the web or books without referencing the material; submitting joint coursework as an individual effort; copying another student’s coursework; stealing coursework form another student and submitting it as your own work. Suspected plagiarism will be investigated and if found to have occurred will be dealt with according to the college procedure. (For further details please refer to the plagiarism policy and the student code of conduct.)

Due Dates
Issue Date 31/05/2016 Submission Date 16/09/2016
Formative feedback for LO1 week commencing Final due date where Turnitin will be blocked for Jan 2016 intake with no late submissions unless mitigating 25/11/2016
Formative feedback for LO2 week commencing Final due date where Turnitin will be blocked for April 2016 intake 27/01/2017
Formative feedback for LO3 week commencing
Formative feedback for LO4 week commencing
Assignment Guidelines:
? Use a standard report structure, Word-process the report and use Normal script of a proper font size 12.
? Produce an academic report, detailing the above issues with an approx. word limit of 4000 to 4500 words.
? Complete the title page and sign the statement of authenticity.
? The Assignment sheet should be attached in the front.
? All work must be uploaded on turnitin before the submission date. .
? Assignments submitted after the deadline will not be accepted unless mitigating and may be entitled for a late fee.
? Collusion and Plagiarism must be avoided.
? Start each answer on a new page and pages should be numbered. Highlight each question clearly.
? Include a Bibliography at the end of the assignment and use the Harvard referencing system.
? All work should be comprehensively referenced and all sources must be fully acknowledged, such as books and journals, websites (include the date of visit), etc.
? Try to give the page numbers, publishers’ details and the year of publication
? In order to pass you need to address all the LO and AC
? In order to get a merit you need to address the characteristics of pass and address M1, M2,M3
Use a common format for the questions, for example:
? Introduction (analyse the question.)
? Underpinning Knowledge (write about the relevant theory/points)
? Applied knowledge(Data Analysis)
? Conclusions and Recommendations (summarizing the whole scenario keeping in view pass, merit, distinction criteria.)
Guidance in addition to the Pass criteria’s, this assignment gives you the opportunity to submit evidence in order to achieve the following Merit and Distinction grades. Assessment Grid indicating their pass, merit and distinction:
Unit 22 Managing Human Resources
Outcomes/criteria: Indicative characteristics Contextualised Feedback
LO 1: Understand the different perspectives of human resource management
LO2 : Understand ways of developing flexibility within the workplace
LO3: Understand the impact of equal opportunities within the workplace
LO 4: Understand approaches to human resources practices in organisations As per the assessment criteria specified for pass

Do

Do

Do Task 1

Task 1

Task 2

Task 2
Merit grade Description: Contextualisation
M. Identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions. . Effective judgments have been made.
. An effective approach to study and research has been used. To achieve M1 you will make effective judgements (LO1) and show that an effective approach to the study and research has been used across your assignment.
M2. Select/ design and apply appropriate methods/ techniques. A range of methods and techniques have been applied.
To achieve M2 you will use a range of methods and techniques and see that the complex data has been synthesized and processed. (LO2)
Complex information/data have been synthesized and processed.
M3. Present and communicate appropriate findings. . Appropriate structure has been used.
. Technical language accurately used.
. A range of methods of presentation has been used. To achieve M3 you will present and communicate appropriate findings with appropriate structure (LO3 and LO4)
Distinction Grade Description:
D1. Use critical reflection to evaluate own work and justify valid conclusion. . Synthesis has been used to generate and justify valid conclusions
. Evaluation has taken place using defined criteria Realistic improvements have been proposed against defined characteristics Evidence of synthesis with valid conclusions (1.4, 2.3, 3.2, 4.3). Evaluation has taken place using the defined criteria (1.3, 3.2, and 4.1).
Realistic improvements have been proposed against defined characteristic (2.3)

D2. Take responsibility for managing and organizing activities. The importance of interdependence has been recognized. To achieve D2 you will have demonstrated autonomy across your assignment, with effective independent research and met the deadlines to submit all the tasks and achieve the unit assessment criteria and an interdependence with each learning outcome has been demonstrated
D3. Demonstrate convergent, lateral and creative thinking Ideas generate and decisions taken. Lateral thinking have been applied. Capacity for innovation and creative thought has been used.
Receptiveness to new ideas has demonstrated. Your work demonstrates new ideas or suggestions towards the assigned tasks and your research shows some creative thinking and receptiveness to new ideas across the assignment making it look different and creative.

ASSIGNMENT Brief
Unit Number and title Unit 22 – Managing Human Resources
Qualification BTEC HND Business (Level 4)
Start Date 09/05/2016
Deadline/ Hand-in 16/09/2016
Assessor

You are required to follow the instructions as specified towards each task and support with a research by using supportive materials like books, websites, etc., and give a feedback on the findings by relating your arguments to the relevant case studies as specified towards each task:

Use the following case scenario to address LO1 to LO4
Scenario
To manage teams organisations like Unilever UK require effective managers. Highly skilled and trained managers can make more informed decisions. The use of best practice models enables managers to ensure their teams operate efficiently. This will improve quality for customers as staff will be better trained to deal with customers’ needs. It will also improve team effectiveness and help organisations to perform better.
As a newly appointed HR coordinator for Unilever UK, the company management has asked you to prepare a report on how to improve the management style of the company using some flexible working practices, managing equal opportunities and diversity, etc. The report will also highlight the implications for line managers and employees of developing a strategic approach to HRM in the organisation by following the guidelines given here below.
Develop a report as required below:
LO 1. Understand the different perspectives of human resource management
1.1 Briefly explain Guest’s model of HRM (AC1.1)
1.2 Compare the differences between Storey’s definitions of HRM, personnel and IR practices. (AC1.2)
1.3 Explain and assess the implications for line managers and employees of developing a strategic approach to HRM in the organisation. (AC1.3)
LO2 Understand ways of developing flexibility within the workplace
2.1 Explain with examples of how a model of flexibility might be applied in practice in Unilever UK (AC2.1)
2.2 Discuss the types of flexibility which may be developed by an organisation like Unilever UK. (AC2.2)
2.3 Assess how the employee and the employer will be affected by the use of flexible working (AC2.3)
2.4 Discuss the impact that changes in the labour market have had on flexible working practices (AC 2.4)
Task 2 (LO 3: 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 and LO 4: 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) (approx. 2000 words)
LO3 Understand the impact of equal opportunities within the workplace
3.1 Explain the forms of discrimination that can take place in the workplace (AC3.1)
3.2 Discuss the practical implications of equal opportunities legislation for an organisation like Unilever UK (AC3.2)
3.3 Compare the approaches to managing equal opportunities and managing diversity (AC3.3)
LO4 Understand approaches to human resources practices in organisations
4.1 Compare and contrast the different methods of performance management (AC4.1)
4.2 Assess the approaches to the practice of managing employee welfare in a selected organisation. (AC4.2)
4.3 Discuss the implications of health and safety legislation on human resources practices
(AC4.3)
4.4 Evaluate the impact of work-life balance. (AC4.4)

Achievement Summary
The Following Sections to be completed by the assessor:
Centre Name: Regent HE
Campus:
Centre Number:
Please note that the assessor’s signature below denotes conformation that he/she has in no way influenced the outcome of the assessment:
Assessors Name:
Assessors Signature:
Learners Name (to be filled by the Assessor)
Intake: Batch: Term: Campus:
Learners Edexcel Reference Number
Has the unit been Internally Verified? Y/N
Date of verification:
Name of the Internal Verifier:
Internal verifiers signature:
If Sampled ,Internal verifiers comments on the assignment brief:

Evidence Checklist Summary of the evidence required by the student Evidence presented
Task 1
Task 2
Unit Outcomes
Outcome Evidence for the criteria to pass, merit and distinction as specified in the student feedback and contextualised. Assessors decision Internal verification decision. (agree, disagree)
Scenario to address LO1 to LO4
To manage teams organisations like Unilever UK require effective managers. Highly skilled and trained managers can make more informed decisions. The use of best practice models enables managers to ensure their teams operate efficiently. This will improve quality for customers as staff will be better trained to deal with customers’ needs. It will also improve team effectiveness and help organisations to perform better.
As a newly appointed HR coordinator for Unilever UK, the company management has asked you to prepare a report on how to improve the management style of the company using some flexible working practices, managing equal opportunities and diversity, etc. The report will also highlight the implications for line managers and employees of developing a strategic approach to HRM in the organisation by following the guidelines given here below.

(Please do not write about any other scenario and please follow the scenario strictly)
LO 1. Understand the importance of business processes in delivering outcomes based upon business goals and objectives AC1.1 The company Unilever UK wants you to briefly explain Guest’s model of HRM P1.1 (P,M,D) P1.1 (P,M,D)
AC1.2 Compare the differences between Storey’s definitions of HRM, personnel and IR practices. P1.2 (P,M,D) P1.2 (P,M,D)
AC1.3 Explain and assess the implications for line managers and employees of developing a strategic approach to HRM in the organisation. P1.3 (P,M,D) P1.3(P,M,D)
Contextualised Feedback for LO1 (reflecting 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, Pass merit and distinction.)
IV comments towards LO1

LO 2. Be able to develop plans for own area of responsibility to implement operational plans

AC 2.1 Explain with examples of how a model of flexibility might be applied in practice in the organisation. P2.1 (P,M,D) P2.1(P,M,D)
AC2.2 Discuss the types of flexibility which may be developed by Unilever UK. P2.2(P,M,D) P2.2(P,M,D)
AC2.3 Assess how the employee and the employer will be affected by the use of flexible working. P2.3(P,M,D) P2.3(P,M,D)
AC2.4 Discuss the impact that changes in the labour market have had on flexible working practices.
Contextualised Feedback for LO2 (reflecting 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, Pass merit and distinction.)
IV comments towards LO2

Task 2 Using the same scenario as specified above address the LO3 and LO4 and the related AC as specified and prepare a report not exceeding approx (Word count: 2000 words (+/- 10%)
LO 3. Be able to monitor appropriate systems to improve organisational performance AC3.1 Explain the forms of discrimination that can take place in the workplace. P3.1 (P,M,D) P3.1(P,M,D)
3.2 Discuss the practical implications of equal opportunities legislation for Unilever UK. P3.2(P,M,D) P3.2(P,M,D)
3.3 Compare the approaches to managing equal opportunities and managing diversity. P3.3(P,M,D) P3.3(P,M,D)
Contextualised Feedback for LO3 (reflecting 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, Pass merit and distinction.)
IV comments towards LO3

LO4. Be able to manage health and safety in the workplace
4.1 Compare and contrast the different methods of performance management. P4.1(P,M,D) P4.1(P,M,D)
4.2 Assess the approaches to the practice of managing employee welfare in Unilever UK. P4.2(P,M,D) P4.2(P,M,D)
4.3 Discuss the implications of health and safety legislation on human resources practices. P4.3(P,M,D) P4.3(P,M,D)
4.4 Evaluate the impact of work-life balance.
Contextualised Feedback for LO4 (reflecting 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, Pass merit and distinction.)
IV comments towards LO4
Merit grades awarded M1 M2 M3 P1 P2 P3 P4
Distinction grades awarded D1 D2 D3 Resubmit :
Any other comments

Grade given by the Assessor:
Pass Merit Distinction
Assessors Signature: Date:
IV Grading Check: Comments if any:
Agree
Disagree Modify grade to
IV signature:
Date:
Students feedback:

Student Signature: Date:
Plagiarism:
Any act of plagiarism will be seriously dealt with according to the colleges and awarding bodies’ regulations. In this context the definition and scope of plagiarism are presented below:
Plagiarism is presenting someone’s work as your won. It includes copying information directly from the web or books without referencing the material; submitting joint coursework as an individual effort; copying another student’s coursework; stealing coursework form another student and submitting it as your own work. Suspected plagiarism will be investigated and if found to have occurred will be dealt with according to the college procedure. (For further details please refer to the plagiarism policy and the student code of conduct.)

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Video Questions

This part of your examination is worth 80 points and consists of 1 Video question

Video Questions

Create a video demonstrating your understanding of sports conditioning training. The video portion of your final exam should be completed within the following guidelines:
Introduce yourself by name, school, or association that you work for, etc.
Identify the athlete and sport you are coaching and the athlete’s position in the training cycle.
Introduce the layout of the training program and then begin training. (NOTE: Training should be specific for the athlete’s needs.)
Walk through training techniques with both verbal explanation and physical demonstration.
Include both a warm-up and cool-down routine with both verbal explanation and physical demonstration.

If you cannot do a video you can write a 1,500 word (3 page) essay on what would have been done in the video itself.

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Short answer

208. Describe the physiological adaptations that occur when an athletes trains for 2-weeks in the heat.
**answer here**

209. You are working with a 16-year old athlete who is considering using anabolic steroids. The athlete asks you how they work, what are the side effects, and what are the legal and ethical implications of using the drugs. Answer this athlete.
**answer here**

210. Describe a week-long diet for a distance runner during the week prior to a big competition.
**answer here**

211. Describe the stretch shortening cycle and how it relates to exercise.
**answer here**

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ICK101

Write an essay of 1500 words which addresses the following question:
In what ways have Indigenous Australian peoples resisted the non-Indigenous occupation of Australia and the policies imposed upon them?
Content requirement
• For the purposes of this essay, cover the period from 1770 to approximately 1970.
• Explain the following eras and discuss Indigenous Australian resistance in each era:
o the colonial frontier
o Protection
o Segregation
o Stolen Generations
• Each era must include an example from an identified language group or person.
• The essay should be your own original work. This assessment task will be put through Turnitin to identify plagiarism.
Essay requirements
• This assignment is to be completed in essay format. Include an introduction, body paragraphs and conclusion.
• Develop an overall position and ensure each paragraph contains a specific point that is demonstrated and supported in the paragraph.
• Write in the third person; avoid the use of “I”.
• Resources and information relating to writing essays can be found at:
http://student.csu.edu.au/study/guidesandtips/writing-at-uni
Reference requirements
• Use at least eight (8) reference sources in total. References are not included in the word count.
• You must use a minimum of six (6) required readings from the IKC101 modules.
• You must cite and reference two (2) additional sources that you have located yourself. These texts must be of academic standard, such as a journal article, text book, text book chapter or conference paper proceeding. Assess the quality of content in web sources very carefully. In general, website references are unlikely to provide reliable, researched information suitable for this task.
• Do not reference sources such as Creative Spirits, Wikipedia, Skwirk/Red Apple, or Australians Together as these are unreliable sources.
• Do not cite or reference the module. You may cite and reference the readings linked to in the module. The written information contained in the modules are not academic sources and are not to be used in your essay.
• Use in-text citations to identify other people’s ideas and words. These in-text citations must follow the APA referencing style.
• Quotes must be in quotation marks and the in-text citation must include the page number.
Formal and respectful language requirements
• This assessment task must be in professional and formal language. This means there should be no abbreviations or slang.
• Care must be taken to avoid spelling, grammar and punctuation errors.
• Respectful and appropriate terminology must be used when referring to and writing about Indigenous Australian people and cultures.

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Nursing home goal

Go into the next paragraph discussing my MEASURABLE: STEPS
Next list Achievable. Summarize up my mission statements. Figuring out transportation etc. (expound) Rewarding: Comfort, support, company, music therapy, satisfaction. How it is to me. seeing them happy emotions, comfort evoking, leadership skills. Organize plan, communication skills. Social meetings developing for myself how it makes me sad. Talk about public health what to expect for my career volunteers hrs, I can also add this to my resume, under community service. (Expounded). Timely: Time when dates contact admin and proximation on the 7th call btw 11-12 on my break. (time) go back to “M” will be ready spring break which is this week. (please expound).

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MENTAL HEALTH

Submit a paper that discusses an ethical issue you have seen in your clinical setting. Include at least two APA citations from sources that support or address your opinions or ideas:

Identify an ethical dilemma from your clinical or work setting. The situation may be an example of ethical OR unethical behavior, or a combination of both. It may be an example of something that went well or something that needs improvement.
Describe the ethical issue, including the client background.
Describe actions that worked or didn’t work in resolving the ethical dilemma.
Identify the ethical principles that were involved (confidentiality, non-maleficence, etc.)
Identify three nursing interventions that would be helpful in resolving the ethical issue. These may include ethical actions that you actually observed, as well as any ethical actions that were missing from the situation.
Answer each question in a paragraph of 4-6 sentences. Include one APA citation per question to support your answers.

Describe the difference between implied consent and informed consent and give an example of each.
Discuss how confidentiality and privacy may create ethical dilemmas in nursing.
Describe the required criteria for mental health commitment in your state and the documentation necessary for commitment.
It is expected that this paper will be 2-3 pages in length (not including the title page), double-spaced. Your paper should include an introduction and conclusion and proper APA citations from any source material you use, including your text.

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Motivation and Emotion

Essays Part I:

Your writing should illustrate knowledge of the concepts through an original personal and/or professional integration of the assigned text material. All assignments MUST be typed, double-spaced, in APA style, and must be written at graduate level English. The content, conciseness, and clarity of your answers will be considered in the evaluation of your work. These answers should be 2-3 pages each. You must integrate the material presented in the text and cite your work according to APA format.

1. Motivation arises from both internal motives (i.e., needs, cognitions, emotions) and external events (i.e., incentives, consequences, social contexts). Is one of these sources of motivation more potent or more effective in motivating people than is the other? Are people primarily motivated by internal motives or by external events, or are people motivated about equally by internal motives and external events? Justify your response by giving examples from your own life.

2. Selecting one physiological need (e.g., hunger, thirst, sex) as an example, explain, how the biological beginnings of this need eventually manifest themselves as a psychological drive in a person’s subjective awareness. In other words, explain how a biological event becomes a psychological motive. Give an original example to support your explanation.

3. How does self-determination theory explain how external events (e.g., rewards, praise) sometimes produce positive effects on motivation but other times produce negative effects? Give an original example to support your explanation.

4. Learned helplessness theory relies on the components of contingency, cognition, and behavior to explain the motivational dynamics underlying helplessness. Explain what these three components mean and provide an original illustrative example of each.

5. Consider the origins of the need for achievement. Discuss and provide original examples from your own life, of each of the following three sources of high need for achievement: its socialization influences, its cognitive influences, or its developmental influences.

6. Differentiate the motivational and performance-based advantages versus disadvantages for performers who adopt a short-term goal (e.g., eat less than 2000 calories today) versus performers who adopt a long-term goal (e.g.,. lose 20 pounds this year) and offer a recommendation as to whether performers should adopt a short-term or a long-term goal. Explain/justify your recommendation.

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Shareholders must exercise what powers they hold through the general meeting. Meetings are also important to directors to enable them function as a board, rather than as simply a collection of individuals. Many companies have begun to move at least some of

Shareholders must exercise what powers they hold through the general meeting. Meetings are also important to directors to enable them function as a board, rather than as simply a collection of individuals. Many companies have begun to move at least some of their meetings into cyberspace-to facilitate having participants who are geographically spread, or simply to take advantage of the multi-media possibilities of the computer desktop: Stored and linked documents, total transcription, multi-levelled synchronous discussions. Meetings where participants are present via technological means are likely to become more prevalent as the cyber-savvy generation increasingly takes over senior management roles.

As yet there is very little legal precedent examining the legal limits of technology in replacing the ‘face to face’ meeting in those situations where the law requires a ‘meeting’ to be held, and even less which might mandate electronic means of communication as the preferred medium for disseminating information to meeting participants, or for facilitating measured discussion, and informed voting.

Describe the key purpose of the shareholder general meeting and the meeting of the board of directors. In what ways might electronic aids and/or cyber meeting techniques enable those purposes to be better achieved? What aspects of such technologically aided meetings might be open to legal challenge—and on what basis would such challenges rest? Where relevant, refer to such case law as currently exists in this sphere. Can you think of situations in which electronic communication might be required in future legislation in order to better meet the purposes of those meetings of shareholders or directors the law requires?

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