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Civil Rights

Events that led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott

The following are the events that led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott in Alabama in 1955. First, Rosa Parks, an African American 15 year old girl living in Montgomery, Alabama, boarded a city bus. Later, a white man boarded the bus and Rosa Parks rejected to stand up and leave her seat to the white man. The driver called the police and Rosa was arrested and later fined for not giving up her seat to the white man. Alabama was a city with strict laws, which discriminated African Americans from the whites (Adamson, 2009). Over time, Rosa became a national representation of civil rights and the pride of African Americans. The second event involved another black individual, athletic star Jackie Robinson, who was arrested and taken to jail because he refused to move to the back of the bus having been asked to do so. This made all African Americans protest over the arrest and trial of their people based on bus rules, which discriminated them. They were told to stay away from the buses in order to show that they had rights too. The bus boycott was a plan made by a determined girl known as Rosa Parks who was supported by civil rights leaders such as Reverend Martin Luther and Nixon.

Events that led to the development of the SNCC

            To begin with, the SNCC was one of the movements that aimed to fulfill the rights of people in America and it was formed in the 1960s. The SNCC was formed after the black students were not allowed to sit for lunch in the restaurants. It was formed by the students who aimed to overcome discrimination and it was led by Ella Baker from ShawUniversity in North Carolina. Several students participated in the student sit-in at the local restaurant in Woolworth store (Adamson, 2009). The restaurant had a rule of not serving African Americans. The small group of black students decided to take action by entering into the restaurant and occupying all the seats. Their intention was to integrate the eating establishment, whose rules discriminated them. The number of students increased daily but many of them were arrested.

Secondly, the freedom rider incident is another event, which contributed to the rise of the SNCC. The freedom riders were attacked by men and one of the buses was bombed with some of the riders being burned to death. The formation of SNCC, which was carried out at FiskUniversity decided to choose members who volunteered themselves to fight for people’s rights. The members decided to send reinforcements in order to help the African Americans who were suffering because of discrimination. The mission was dangerous to those who volunteered themselves. They traveled to Montgomery and then to Birmingham and their mission was to break racial discrimination through nonviolent protests. The SNCC legacy first focused on the black powers and then protested against the Vietnam War (Adamson, 2009).

Contributions to the civil rights movement

            The events identified above contributed to the movements of civil rights in the midst of the 20th century in several ways. First, the nonviolent protests by the SNCC group led to the U.S civil rights movement. Due to discrimination, racial equality movement that emerged in order to broke the pattern of racial discrimination. Through use of nonviolent methods by the SNCC group, laws on use of public facilities changed. The civil rights movement spread contributing to unity of department stores, movie theatres and even the restaurants was a result of the SNCC members. The protest movement, which began in the South, spread to all states and had a drastic impact on American institutions. In addition, the SNCC legacy that focused on the black powers led to the declaration of civil rights whereby all men by nature were given certain inherent rights during the midst of the 20^th century.

Secondly, in 1955 when Rosa Parks was arrested in Montgomery, Martin Luther King led the African Americans’ boycott of the bus system whereby African-Americans were given same opportunities as those of the whites. Indeed, the event of Rosa Parks contributed to the U.S Civil Rights movement. Rosa’s denial to give up her sit to a white man partly led to the bus boycott, bringing to prominence of the rights movement in America. In addition, boycotts were used as a political and social tool during the U.S Civil Rights Movement. Businesses and other areas that discriminated against African Americans were boycotted until the policies were amended and African Americans received equal rights.

 

Reference

Adamson, H. (2009). The civil rights movement: An interactive history adventure. Mankato,

MN: Capstone Press.

 

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Post World War II

The Vietnam War was the first war to be covered on American television. Most people trusted the television more than they did other sources because they could view the pictures on the screen. At first, people were not interested in the war and rarely took any notice. Some of them, including the media, supported the war and the American government. Soon however, the views and analysis presented about the war were not pleasant and many people took to the streets to protest against it. The media, and especially television networks, was the focus of the government and the people, with both blaming it for negative reporting. The government blamed the media for concentrating on the antiwar movement that was in progress at the time, thus helping escalate to other parts of the country. The people blamed the media for failing to give a true representation about the condition in Vietnam. They reacted strongly when the media revealed the death toll of the American soldiers in the war and this led to more protests. The media was therefore clearly important in shaping public opinion. It increased the anti war protests that were reported and this affected the popularity of the then President Johnson (Groll, 2007).

The media has indeed influenced people’s perspective regarding the military. Unlike the 1960s when people had limited information, people are now bombarded with information from many sources. They learn about what happens in the instant it happens and this has been enabled by twenty-four hour television news coverage and unlimited access to the internet. The war in Vietnam was largely misrepresented. This reflected badly on the government and on the country as a whole. Because of this, the military and the government put stricter restrictions on the kind of information that would be available to journalists. The media was limited in the details it would expose to the rest of the people. To date, the military mistrusts the media because of the reports in conveys to the people (Groll, 2007). People are divided about America’s involvement in different wars. Some support it claiming that America is protecting itself. Others are opposed to the war and do not understand why the country should spend so much money fighting, when other means of seeking peace can be sought. People have also become more aware of government policies abroad thanks to the media. Their awareness of political issues has increased and they are not willing to believe everything that the government says.

During the war, the media acts as a link between the government, the public and the military. The government is able to influence military decisions as they observe the events on the ground. Despite the public outcry, the military cannot solely be influenced by popular opinion. It has to act based on the best options available. Much as people have a right to know what is happening on the field in times of war, this can damage the efforts of the military if the information is conveyed as it happens. Moreover, it can affect the military strategy in a negative way as it can reveal the military’s strategy to the enemy. Most people contend that war information received instantaneously can only be used for light information purposes.

Meanwhile, some blame America’s defeat in the Vietnam War on the media, as during the time, there was little real-time coverage (Groll, 2007). Real-time coverage of the war is important as it increases accountability. This leaves the government, or other people for that matter, with no time to tell a different story than what is actually on the ground. The world therefore gets the same information at the same time (Adamson, 1997). This was not the case during the Vietnam War. Journalists sometimes presented a different picture from what was actually happening. They sometimes distorted the information or reported wrong and misleading information only to correct it later. Sometimes this had devastating effects as the public relied on that information and they made decisions based on the information they received.

Reference

Adamson, W. M. (1997). The effects of real time new coverage on military decision-making. Retrieved from www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/acsc/adamson.pdf

Groll, M. (2007). Vietnam War coverage on U.S. television newscasts. Germany: GRIN Verlag.

 

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European Exploration and Colonization

The history of the United States relates to the history of the European settlement and in particular the history of the common thirteen colonies of Britain up to 1776. This was the time when independence was finally declared. This early British colonies in the United States each had unique cultural characteristics that differentiated them from one another. They had differences in religious practices, economic practices, lifestyles and relationship with both Britain and other colonies. The early British colonies were geographically divided into three areas: New England, comprising of countries such as Plymouth, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island; Mid-Atlantic, which included regions such as New Sweden/Delaware, New Jersey, New Amsterdam/New York, and Pennsylvania; and Southern colonies that included Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia.

A. Cultural Characteristics

I) New England colony: Connecticut

Generally, all the settlers in the New England colonies had the desire to maintain unity in their families and practice their own religion. These people preferred not to depend on others extensively as they enjoyed doing most things by themselves. A small group of these people however, came to New England with the major intention of making more money.

Connecticut has been noted to be the land of steady characters. Currently, the region is still prudent and conservative in character. They are moderate in politics, and have refrained social lifestyles, with a majority of the people in the area having a tendency to marry less than any other state in New England (Julia, 2009). However, the main trait that stands out clearly is that the Connecticut state in the New England colony was a leader in economic practices. For instance, the state was known to be the leader in industrial achievement especially in financial terms. This is because it was highly involved in technological development as the state’s defense.

To date, economic practice can be proved by the variety of machine shops and factories, the largest insurance companies located in Hartford, and the ever-expanding industrial complexes of united technologies in East Hartford. In addition, these factories were and are still known to be great producers of weapons, sewing machines, jet engines, helicopters and motors among other products. The state was also noted to be the second largest producer of agricultural products such as eggs, pears, and mushrooms and oyster crop. Thus, the income from the farm and industries still accounts for the high economic life, growth and development in the state.

Connecticut’s culture in lifestyle is also unique in that it is noted as the third smallest state in the union and densely populated. According to research, the state had highest per capita income in the country with the lowest rates of unemployment for a good number of years. Nevertheless, it also experienced high poverty levels in both rural and urban areas. For instance, the most affected cities were Hartford and New Haven.

II) Mid-Atlantic colony: Pennsylvania

In the Mid-Atlantic colony, the people were interested in finding their own religious practices and making money, in particular the state of Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania granted interested settlers social and political equality, as well as tolerance of religion (Glass, 2009). Because of freedom of religion and equality in social and political status, Pennsylvania managed to become the fastest developing and one of the most significant colonies in British America.

Colonial Pennsylvania had an influential lifestyle compared to its neighboring colonies. For instance, it was noted to be a leading state in innovation and invention, as well as a state of firsts, filled with individuals that were outgoing and did not shy away from leadership roles.

III) Southern colony: Georgia

Most of the Southern colonies settled in the American market with main intention of making money that was readily available in the market. Georgia was born in 1733 as the last of the common thirteen colonies established in British America with the lowest rates of population. This is because most of the people were affected by the occurrence of malaria and typhoid diseases, which claimed a good number of people. According to Phinizy, the centers that had high population rates within Georgia included Savannah and Augusta, which are located along the Savannah River, close to the border with South Carolina (2011).

Georgia’s culture had a religious and ethnical diversity as it had immigration ties with many parts of Europe, enabling it allow religious freedom. with exception of Catholicism. In colonial Georgia, the act of slavery was not a part of the culture. The small coastal cities that were dominated by Scottish highlanders were highly opposed to slavery.

B. Similarities and Differences in the Cultural Characteristics

According to different studies, all these colonies had the major intention of making money that was readily available in the British-American market. Thus, each colony settled ready to utilize the readily available resources in the country, majoring mostly in agriculture and production. For instance, Connecticut was good at industrial and farm production, while Pennsylvania was good at agricultural production. Georgia on the other hand majored in forestry, hence its status as the leading state in timber production (Phinizy, 2011).

However, these colonies had their own unique cultures especially in religious matters. For instance, Pennsylvanian citizens had experienced religious and social oppression in England, making them move to the new world with high hopes of developing a colony founded on religious beliefs. This was very different from colonial Georgia where they experienced total freedom of religion. The state had a lot of religious diversity, with Protestants being the leading religion, especially such groups as Lutheran, Anglican, and Moravians among others.

Concerning their cultural lifestyle, Connecticut was noted to be in the lead, characterized by high standards of living because of its low rates of unemployment, while Pennsylvania was the leading state in terms of creativity and innovation.

 

 

Reference

Glass, J. (2009). The Pennsylvania culture region: a view from the barn. Indiana: UMI Research Press.

Julia, D. (2009).Colonial Connecticut. New York, NY: BiblioBazaar.

Phinizy, H. (2011).Forty Years of Diversity: Essays on Colonial Georgia. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

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Native American Peoples

Description of the Blackfeet Nation

Presently, native Indians in the US constitute about five hundred and sixty-two tribes that are referred to as Nations. Of these, two-hundred and twenty-nine are situated in Alaska whereas the remaining thirty-three are spread across various states (National Congress of American Indians, 2011). The Indian Blackfeet Nation is one among the given nations, and its name is literally translated from the Indian term siksika, owing to the dark moccasins that the group uses for footwear. Originally, the Blackfeet were settled in the northern Plains of the US especially in territories such as Canada, Idaho, Alberta and Montana. The nation comprised of three tribes namely the Siksika, Piegan and Kainah sub-tribes. The sub-tribes were further divided into bands that commonly added up to forty-five.

Each of the sub-tribes acted as a sovereign body creating its own governing system, cultural practices, religious feast and observations, and leaders. The Blackfeet were hunters with the Buffalo being their staple diet. With the invasion of the Whites, the Nation was drastically reduced due to warfare, ailments like smallpox, and reduction of food sources due to the agrarian practices. Initial census activities conducted in 1790 projected the population as nine thousand and by the year 1909, the tribe had reduced to four thousand six hundred and thirty-five Indians. Presently, the Blackfeet still occupy Canada, Idaho, Alberta and Montana regions, with the bands reduced from forty-five to four, translating to twenty-five thousand people (National Congress of American Indians, 2011). Only one of the bands resides in the US, (about ten thousand individuals) with the rest occupying Canada. The bands are independent nations and are responsible for their laws and customs.

The Blackfeet Nation is currently faced with various issues, and to acquire an in-depth comprehension of these, we will focus on the Montana Region. The first is a social issue, reflected in the poverty levels in the Nation. Poverty in the Blackfeet community has been enhanced by the federal edicts that have imparted negative elements on the Nation. This can be traced to the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act that allowed for a modification of the governance structure by incorporating a tribal council, which instituted a retrogressive aspect on leadership patterns due to the foreign practices that had accorded by the same (Blackfeet Nation, 2011). Presently, the council manages welfare projects that have been ineffectively handled leading to the high level of poverty. The problem has deteriorated over time, observable in the fact that the Blackfeet Nation has a poverty level of 33.8 percent in the 21^st Century, as opposed to the rest of Montana where the poverty level is 15.3 percent (Blackfeet Nation, 2011).

The second problem is economic in nature with the region poorly performing due to lack of private investments, thereby reducing the jobs available. This is reflected in the unemployment levels in Blackfeet Nation at 22.6 percent whereas the other parts of Montana have a 6.6 percent unemployment level. Additionally, the income levels within the Blackfeet community are approximately $24,566 while other households in Montana have $32,434 (Blackfeet Nation, 2011). The third factor is poor educational programs as evidenced by lack of learning resources in terms of structures, instructors and incomes. Presently, only 13.5 percent of the Blackfeet community has been able to attain college education while the other part of Montana has 23.2 percent. Only 22.8 percent of students within the Blackfeet Nation are competent in reading while a meager 10.4 percent is competent in mathematics. Compare this to the rest of Montana with 66 percent of students termed as capable in reading while 56.9 are mathematically capable (Blackfeet Nation, 2011).

Analysis of the Economic Issue

            The economic problem has created many problems in the Blackfeet Nation. With the investment deficiency, many commercial institutions within the regions have run on losses mandating shutting down and thus affecting the populace due to the imperfections caused in the market. This is because the shut down affects supply, with the demand remaining regular and thus creating shortages that force the prices to increase. This reduces the purchasing power and subsequently limits the number of items an individual may acquire with a given income. Note that, the income factor within the region has also been noted as low, therefore acting as a burden to the residents (Blackfeet Nation, 2011). The quality of products has also been notably low yet this forces the populace to purchase the same since alternative products that may be used as substitutes are not present.

Employment limitations within the region have also aggravated the situation, as only public positions given by the federal authorities are present. This constitutes to at least two thousand six hundred job positions as compared to the minimal private establishments in the region, with the largest only having a workforce of forty-nine individuals. The other sixty private businesses in the Blackfeet Nation have extremely low workforces. Acquiring job opportunities for other regions has proven to be quite unfruitful due to discriminative practices (Blackfeet Nation, 2011). With land being owned in tribal terms, the area lacks private ownership and this has lessened the populace’s ability to acquire loans for financial institutions by using land as security. Due to inadequate investments, the region bears insufficient infrastructure and therefore underutilized land spaces and buildings as reflected by unused resources.

From the preceding discussion, statistical information has identified the differences existing between the regions in terms of disparities with other locations; no similarity actually exists in the regions. Although the Blackfeet community has had problematic economic issues from the late 18^th Century, the issue has notably risen over the years with the climax being the late 20^th Century, precisely after the 1970s (Blackfeet Nation, 2011). Scholars have actually traced the problem’s enhancement to 1975 with the adoption of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act that permitted the tribal authorities to obtain and manage business institutions within the Nation. The inefficiency in terms of management cause by the authorities led to the collapse of many institutions and since then the problem has continually affected the region. Therefore, the problem is long-term in nature since it marks a thirty-six year duration to the present.

The Blackfeet Nation has responded to the issue by first instituting a business friendly setting to promote trading alliances amongst the present establishments in order avoid further losses brought on by business dissolutions. A good example of such is the Forward Blackfeet scheme that has created partnerships within the Nation towards achieving a development edge (Blackfeet Nation, 2011). The authorities have also addressed the unemployment issue and thus established the Blackfeet Manpower initiative that is generating job positions in the community by liaising with business institutions within and those located in other neighboring regions. A good example of such a job opportunity has been the GlacierNational Park whose part of the land is located within the Blackfeet region. The federal authorities manage the park in collaboration with a private institution referred to as the Glacier Park Industries whose main role is hotel management in the region. The private institution, with many others, has created an agreement with the Manpower initiative to offer employment positions to the Blackfeet residents.

With regard to ineffective land use, the tribal authorities have created the Lot Policy that mandates residents to utilize buildings and/or land within a period of three years. Once the duration expires and the resources have not been utilized, they are passed on to other bidders for purposeful use. All the named approaches have been effective in terms of implementation and are noting various changes within the region. US authorities have offered efforts in alleviating the situation with an example being the national park initiative and offering of the yearly employment positions earlier identified (Blackfeet Nation, 2011). However, it has not participated in the creation of long-term projects to aid with economic progression, and thus just offers short-term solutions on a yearly basis. As the nature of the solutions is short-term, the effectiveness is highly limited. This is because the solution only lasts for a short period before the problem emerges again.

 

 

Reference

Blackfeet Nation. (2011). Blackfeet Nation: A Proud Past, A Bright Future. Retrieved from http://www.blackfeetnation.com/

National Congress of American Indians. (2011). An Introduction to Indian Nations in the United States. Retrieved from

 

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Exploration on Problems Causing Obesity

The problem I would like to explore in this paper is obesity in United States, a situation that bugs me, considering that almost a third of the population is obese. Many people, including children, are at risk of becoming obese due to the kind of food they eat. Obesity is mainly caused by certain foods, especially those with high fat content such as high fructose corn syrup that are high energy sources for the body, causing an imbalance of energy after consumption. When taken, the excess glucose has to be turned into fats and stored in the body. This problem has affected many people indiscriminately and is posing such health issues as high blood pressure, which is caused by accumulation of triglyceride fats in the blood.

The major cause of this problem is that of government subsidies for food products that are used by food processors to make fast food rich in fats. The government offers high subsidies especially for wheat, corn and soybeans. Farmers take advantage of the subsidies and produce these products in plenty compared to other healthier food products such as vegetables and fruits. Moreover, these products do not require a lot of care and farm operations are easy and cheap due to subsidies. Consequently, farmers produce these products in large portions and sell them to food-processing factories, which in turn process them into fast food high in fat.

Additionally, this processed food is often ready or requires little preparation, unlike fresh products that will take time to cook. This factor has especially changed Americans’ eating habits, who opt to buy take out rather than cook. This has in turn led to overconsumption of food high in fats, as it is more convenient and time saving. The subsidies have made such processed food that is high in fats cheap – ensuring that most people can afford – while healthier foods such as fruits and vegetables remain relatively more expensive.

Though I have not done much research on this topic, obesity remains observable in those who rarely cook at home but prefer to eat fast food most of the time. Most busy people hardly ever have time for making their own meals, finding it more convenient to buy ready take out, which is readily available in the fast food restaurants. Most of these ready to eat processed foods are preserved with additives and sweeteners that have a high concentration of fat, such as the aforementioned high fructose corn syrup sweetener.

The government stands to blame for this problem as it makes unhealthy food more available at a cheaper cost than healthy food. Healthy foods such as vegetables, apples oranges among many other fruits are given quite a small subsidy compared to wheat, corn and soybeans, and this discourages farmers from planting them. Furthermore, healthy foods require more operations in the farm hence farmers will prefer other products that easier to produce at a cheaper price in bulk. This reduces the amount of healthy foods produced, making it more expensive to have a plate of healthy food than fast food.

One idea I propose to solve the problem is that of cutting some of the subsidies that go into farming of corn, wheat and soybeans. Instead, this money should be given to fruit and vegetable farmers as subsidies to increase the production of healthy foods. In addition, the government should come in to control the amount of food produced in order to create a balance and reduce the amount of processed unhealthy foods. Such an action would change the eating habits of many, considering that people have becoming increasingly aware of the need to eat healthy food and the danger posed by junk food, one of them being obesity. Moreover, there should be campaigns to enlighten people about the importance of eating healthy food and changing their habits of eating junk food high in fat and cholesterol.

However, some people might not consider this solution to obesity, as they may not believe it is caused by such processed foods. They might suggest that subsidies remain as they are, based on the notion that people should choose to eat what they want. Additionally, some would argue that the three highly subsidized products are on higher demand as compared to what I term healthy foods. Still, some may feel that the subsidies have nothing to do with obesity though what they fail to understand is that reducing unhealthy foods will encourage people to change their eating habits.

With my proposal, there are possible drawbacks and costs associated. Cutting subsidies will mean lower production of corn, wheat and soybean considering that these products are highly demanded in the whole world, with United States being the biggest producer of corn. Lowering the subsidy could therefore have serious implications to the agricultural industry, as these products are a source of revenue for the country. On the one hand, the cost of corn would rise with reduction of subsidies. However, vegetables and fruits will drop in price thereby creating a balance. It is important to note that corn in its natural form, as well as the other subsidized foods, is healthy, except when processed in factories. Hence, the cost of junk food will go high with increase in price of such products as corn. Moreover, the cost of a campaign to enlighten people about changing their eating habits might not be low.

Although I have not done comprehensive research to enable me answer as to who might object to my proposal and why, some groups are likely to object. One of these is the farmers who would want to continue enjoying high subsidies from the government for planting their crops. These farmers might object to the fact that subsidies for their product contribute to obesity, as they could argue that there is no direct link between the two. However, the availability of their produce at a low price increases the availability of junk food, which in turn increases cases of obesity.

The second objection might come from the food processing industry because it will suffer when the prices of corn, wheat and soybeans go up. Additionally, this industry would suffer with a campaign, as people might refrain from taking processed foods, hence loss of a market. This is enough reason for them to object. The processing firms might also object to the claim that their products contribute to increased chances of obesity, due to the high fat content. They could argue that obesity is not only caused by food and lifestyle, but also by a person’s genetic makeup.

 

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Personality Development

Summary

Personality is defined as the totality of a person’s behavior and emotional traits. It comprises of a person’s moods, ideas, attitudes, motivations and the way of thinking, perceiving and behaving. Personality is what makes one person different from the other. Generally, personality in psychology is the underpinnings of people’s characters. It consists of sets of thoughts, feelings, and actions expressed by a person in various situations. All people, including famous people, have personalities because that is what makes them unique from each other. Indeed, a television star is often referred to as a television personality. Therefore, to further understand the study of personality development, the discussion will focus on the personality development of Lady Gaga, a famous entertainer in the music industry (Cloninger Allen Friedman & Schustack, 2011).

Having been born on 20 March 1986 by Stephanie Germanotta, Lady Gaga attended the Convent of the SacredHeartSchool in New York. Currently, Gaga is noted to still be a spiritual person who believes in God and prays frequently. This thus, demonstrates that the manner in which she was brought up, in this case the school she attended, has effected her moral growth and development. Lady Gaga`s parents were very much involved in the arts. For instance, her mother would often be found in musical theaters and her father was involved in playing in a Springsteen cover band (Lester, 2010). This shows that Gaga inherited her musical and theatrical ability from both her parents, which is very evident from her current work.

However, it requires more than musical talent for a person to grow and develop into an influential artist. Gaga is especially noted for her strong work ethic. For instance, it was noted that by 2010, Gaga had sold millions of her music albums worldwide, seeing her listed as one of the most influential persons in the world. According to research, Gaga worked extremely hard to achieve her goal. She started out as a waiter at the early age of 15. In addition, she engaged in other odd jobs like working as a dancer in order to pay for flyers to enable her promote her shows. Gaga`s strong work ethic that demonstrates her personality came about through environmental influences. She was noted saying that her parents and sisters always instilled a strong work ethic in her as long as she was doing what she wanted to do and comfortable with it.

Gaga`s personality development and adjustment was extremely influenced by her social life and support from the family. She received all the support she needed from her parents who were always there for her in case she required them in any activity. They also contributed in developing her talent as an entertainer particularly in the music industry. On the other hand, her social status made her to grow into a strong and hardworking woman. Her main purpose as a musician is to be a role model for other young girls wishing to join the entertainment industry or take up music as their future career. Gaga’s personality development can be demonstrated through the use of different theories such as Psychoanalytic and Neoanalytic theories, Psychosocial theories, Trait, evolutionary, genetic/biological approaches, Cognitive, behavioral, social learning theories, and Humanistic theories.

Psychoanalytic and Neoanalytic theories

Psychoanalytic theory is known to be the work of Sigmund Freud who worked in a clinical position with patients suffering from mental issues. Freud noted that a person’s childhood experiences and unconscious desires affect his or her behavior. This theory focuses on development in terms of a set of psychosexual stages. Thus, all the conflicts that happen at any of the stages have a long-term effect on a person’s personality and behavior. This theory gives a clear explanation concerning Gaga’s character as a musician. This is because Gaga was raised in a family where both parents were musicians and therefore was highly influenced by her parents to develop into the musician she is today. Furthermore, because she was brought up in a Christian family and has maintained her spiritual status up to date, an element that can be seen in her music.

The Neoanalytic theory is also based on Freud’s opinions that personality comprises of three parts inclusive of the ego, which refers to the reality principle, the superego, referring to the morality principle, and the id, which refers to the pleasure principle. Extroversion and introversion are the major attitudes that influence people’s characters. For instance, extroverts direct their psychic energy outward while an introvert directs their energy inward. Lady Gaga in this regard belongs to the group of the extroverts. This is because she is not afraid to express herself to a large group of people during her performances. Additionally, her music and opinions are conveyed in a very bold way concerning what she believes in.

According to the media, Lady Gaga was often teased while still in high school, thus to overcome the feeling of inferiority, she developed an aggression drive. Today, Gaga has no inferiority complex but rather what some might term a superiority complex, which enables her to become fearless in both her music and fashion choices. It is safe to say that Gaga used a lot of energy in order for her to stand out from the other many artists and had unique character traits that made her special and famous as she is currently.

The advantage of these theories is that it motivates parents to bring up the children in well and conducive environments so that negative influences can be avoided in the early stages. This is because someone’s early life affects his or her present life. However, the theories lack clear information on the way forward since various factors do influence a person’s future life.

 

 

Trait, Evolutionary, Genetic/Biological approaches

Evolutionary theory focuses on the process of trial and error in terms of variations and natural selection. Biological evolution helps in differentiating the natural selection and artificial selection where particular characters are maintained or eliminated as per the purpose of intention. The major theories of this approach include the Big Five, Eysenck`s Big Three, and Murray’s needs. According to the Big Five, the personality of a person is seriously assessed by the five traits of all human beings. Examples of these traits include extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness. Lady Gaga would be graded high on the extroversion trait. This is because her statements on fashion are extremely bold which is seen in her mode of dressing, such as dressing in meat. She is also very free and hides nothing of her personal beliefs from the public. Lady Gaga is kind and appreciative especially to her fans thus demonstrating the trait of agreeableness.

These theories are important because they enable a person bring out what is inside them so that they may achieve the set goals and objectives. However, the theories have a disadvantage in that their explanation of feelings and the way people think and act leaves out personal innovativeness and the idea of people’s opinion on their own lives, behavior and personality.

Psychosocial theories

The psychosocial theory demonstrates the concept that personality is significantly social. Moreover, the major issues of this theory focus on how people interact with each other. It also focuses on the early life of a person (Todd, 2006). This theory focuses more on people’s relationships because it is assumed that many problems result from relationships. Therefore, a child’s conflict requires that it be solved early enough in order to encourage the child to move on to the next challenge in life with confidence. In reference to Lady Gaga, the Psychosocial theory tries to demonstrate her personality development from her childhood. She was brought up in family where she received all the support she needed from her parents thus making her develop a superior character that enabled her become the famous individual she is toady.

The psychosocial theory helps us understand the series of life and how to deal with the challenges that are ahead as required. The theory should be spread to all people of all ages and in particular school going children, tutors, and parents. This is because it helps people understand the relations between life experiences and human behavior. In addition, it helps parents know how to help their children grow and develop maturely in emotional and cognitive situations instead of hindering them. However, the theory is disadvantaged in that in case a child lacks proper training at an early stage, he or she is likely to miss out and thereby lead a miserable life.

Cognitive, behavioral, and social learning theories

Social cognitive theories of personality development show a combination of behaviorist, social learning theory and cognitive theory, leading them to be referred to as cognitive-behavioral in nature. According to the behavioral theory, the focus is mainly on how people’s behavior occurs from the stimuli within the environment and within the individuals themselves. The social learning theory demonstrates how the society contributes to the way people think about themselves and the world and the way in which they interact or act in the larger context of the society. Lady Gaga was highly influenced in relation to the social learning theory as most of her personality traits were largely influenced by the society.

Humanistic theories

This theory focuses on the self, which means the way a person perceives his or her own experiences. The theory argues that every person is free to make a choice on the way to behave instead of reacting to the environmental influences and reinforces. Lady Gaga refused to be intimidated by her schoolmates who often teased her for not fitting in and having an eccentric style. The theory is important because it allows people choose the type of lifestyle they want to lead without really focusing on environmental influences such as peer pressure. However, a person is likely to mess up if good choices are not made. This is because the theory bases on self-discipline thus may not be helpful to young children who need support and guidance from their environment.

Methods of Personality Assessment 

Personality measures are known to be innovative assessments of the normal range of a personality. The measures can be applied in different set ups such as clinical settings, marital settings, leadership, career, and employment places (Schultz, 2008). For instance, there is a five-factor nonverbal personality questionnaire. This assessment tool is used in the Big Five normal personality characteristics. It helps in situations where understanding the language is a problem.

Personality research form is another assessment tool used in personality development. The tool is highly rated as the best in assessing the available normal range of personalities. Multidimensional emotional intelligences assessment is also another tool employed in assessing the personality of a person. This tool helps in testing a person’s ability to perceive, use, understand and change emotions. Therefore, these methods are the best in testing Lady Gaga`s personality because it helps in assessing her ability to act as a music entertainer and how she carries on her talent to inspire other people who feel rejected in various fields. For instance, Lady Gaga used to be teased while in high school, but she chose not to be intimidated by anyone and that is why she was able to rise up and be a successful woman in life. This shows that she perceived life in a positive manner.

Information from the methods of personality assessment tools

Multidimensional emotional intelligence assessment tool helps a lot in bringing out the characters in Lady Gaga. By using these assessment tools, which include personality research forms and multidimensional emotional intelligence assessment, a person is able to know how others understand, perceive things, and feel in different situations of life. Through these assessment tools, the information concerning Lady Gaga`s personality was clearly assessed and determined. For instance, her boldness and openness to perform to a large crowd of people was revealed through personality research forms, where she was able to tell what makes her to be free and open to the public like that.

Reference

Cloninger, S. C., Allen, B. P., Friedman, H. S., & Schustack, M. W. (2011). Past and present views on personality. (Kaplan University ed.).Boston, MA: Pearson Custom Publishing.

Lester, P. (2010). Lady Gaga: Looking for Fame: The Life of a Pop Princess. New York, NY: Omnibus Press.

Schultz, E. (2008). Theories of Personality.Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning.

Todd, D. (2006). Handbook of personality development.New York, NY: Routledge.

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Historical Analogies

Introduction

The Vietnam War that ran from November 1955 to April 1975 has on many occasions been historically analogized with the ongoing Iraq War that started in March of 2003. During his reign, President Bush disagreed with allegations of comparing the Iraq War to the Vietnam War. The Iraq War has not yet lasted as long as the Vietnam War but there is no certainty that it will not. The latter lasted for more than eighteen years and in it, millions of people lost their lives. The death toll of the Iraq War has not yet reached millions, but it might soon get there. The Vietnam and the Iraq Wars are similar in more ways than they are different (Gardner & Young, 2007).

The Iraq War, which is also refereed to as Operation Iraqi Freedom, the 2^nd Gulf War, or the war in Iraq, was started by the United Kingdom and the United States governments. They did this by invading Iraq as they felt that Iraq’s intention of using mass destruction weapons was a threat to their countries. By then, these two countries were under the leadership of Prime Minister Tony Blair and President George Bush respectively. Historians, analysts and other professionals have tried to analyze both the Vietnam War and the war in Iraq as many innocent civilians lost their lives in both these wars.

Discussion

            President Bush once declared that, “The analogy is false” (St. John, 2006). The “analogy” in this case referred to the resemblance of the Vietnam War to the Iraq War. St. John, who was once an army intelligence officer, admits that the Iraq of today looks like the Vietnam that once was about thirty years ago (2006). He had been taken there during that warring period.

In concentrating on the strategy and tactics, the Americans are fighting a guerilla war. The Iraqis, just like the Vietnamese, do not play by the Americans rules. Unlike the Americans, the Vietnamese were ready to die for their own beliefs and so are the Iraqis (Levobic, 2010). The number of suicide bombers is higher than in most wars. Like in the Vietnam War, the Iraqis attack at a place and time of their own choosing, thus evading the concentration of troops (Levobic, 2010). This is because U.S. weapons can easily be brought to use in these areas. They have incorporated urban warfare, with insurgents keeping close to United States troops. They have also enticed the civilians to guard or support their actions. Due to this, the unsure Iraq battleground brings forth huge challenges for American troops looking for ways to separate civilians from the soldiers without estranging majority of the Iraqis.

Before the Vietnam War ended, more bombs had been dropped on Indochina than they had been dropped in any other part of the world when compared to the wars that had taken place during that time. Until today, the military of the United States still believes in the power of arms. However, it also struggles with the challenging duty of establishing a suitable balance between captivating the minds and the hearts using aid and reconstruction and using power to uproot insurgents.

In the Iraq War, the troops from the United States have generally rejected to take responsibility of the civilian casualties in Iraq, partly because they come in large numbers. As was in the case of Vietnam, five hundred dying or dead Iraqis are usually reported as five hundred “insurgents” in the military press (Gwertzman, 2005). Refusing to be accountable for the civilian casualties, while thoroughly taking every count of the deaths on the American side, has its disadvantage. Such an act gives the Iraqis an impression that the American lives are of more significance than the lives of those these same Americans had come to liberate.

In the early years of the Vietnam War and sometimes in the latter ones, officials from America intentionally represented the enemy in a distorted way. The nationalists from Vietnam were not considered and all opposition was referred to as Communist. In Iraq, the Bush administration did not consider the nationalists at all. Insurgents were labeled all other names apart from nationalists (Nessen, 2008). This was done ignoring that a large number of the Iraqis are opposed to Americans occupying their land. Intelligence reports said that the insurgent support was growing and spreading widely.

Like in the Vietnam War, none of the warring parties is willing to learn about the culture and the history of the other. The military has numerous specialists fluent in Arabic. Other than that however, those specialists that have a good understanding of the culture and history of Iraq were marginalized from the war and peace plans by the Pentagon (Nessen, 2008). These same actions took place during the Vietnam War, as Americans did not understand Vietnam’s Buddhist culture. A recent case that justifies this point is the bombing of a mosque on April 2004 that took place in Fallujah. Middle East suicide bombers, like the Vietnam Buddhists who were involved in self-immolation, are unfathomable to the average American who may not be familiar with such cultures and beliefs (Nessen, 2008). Because the Iraq War was a conflict of both religious and political competition, Americans have one too many times depended on the guidance of a number of Iraqi self-serving runaways and Arab intellectuals who have experience in maneuvering this situation.

The alleged victory in Vietnam cannot be convincingly referred as so, as is the case in Iraq. The sovereignty transferred back to the people of Iraq, which was set on 30^th of June, did not make much sense except in President Bush’s administration’s perspective. He longed to do away with Iraq before the November elections of the United States (Gardner & Young, 2007). When questioned about the significance in the urgency of giving back the sovereignty to the Iraqis on that particular date, the administrators did not seem to have a solid answer during that time. One thing that was clear was that there was no viable political body that had the needed domestic support in Iraq to take over and lead the country. This was after turning over of the country to the Iraqis.

Having this in mind, the April 2004 Iraq insurrection had an impact on President Bush’s political career parallel to that of Johnson administration’s Tet Offensive of 1968. The Tet offensive uncovered the positive message that was ever being told by Americans in Vietnam to be untrue. As a result of this, the Iraqi insurgents’ savage attacks approximately 40 years afterwards, had to deal with tarnish to the reliability of the Bush government. In either case, ground events implied that the US government was neither in control nor did it have a plan.

A similarity can also be found in the domino theory that has now been disgraced. This theory implied that “the fall of Vietnam would lead to a Communist takeover of all of Asia” (St. John, 2006). President Bush promised the Middle East a parallel effect in which conquering Saddam Hussein would make way for the Israeli-Palestinian conflict resolution.  This would lead to a new democracy in the region. If the current situation is not put to a stop or done away with, things might worsen than they already have.

The Iraq and Vietnam Wars have both risen because of choice (Lebovic 54). In both wars misrepresentation and deceit was used by Americans, first to involve the U.S. troops and then to retain them in the countries. President Bush led Americans into war on the allegations that Saddam Hussein was in possession of weapons of mass destruction and had also involved himself with al Qaeda operations. Neither of the allegations was proved. It was said that the Iraqis would warmly welcome the American soldiers and that the Iraqi oil would cater for reconstruction. Neither of these claims came to fruition as expected. During the Bush administration, half-truths were told one after another in order to justify America’s presence in Iraq.

As history does seem to repeat itself, Americans did not have an idea of what they were getting themselves into when they took part in the Vietnam War and the same case seems to apply to the Iraq War. In April 1965 during the Vietnam War, President Johnson said, “We will not withdraw, either openly or under the cloak of a meaningless agreement” (St. John, 2006). Forty years later, President Bush said, “We’ve got to stay the course and we will stay the course” (St. John, 2006).

Conclusion

            The former president may disagree in the resemblance of the two wars but the facts are quite evident. Although there are visible differences, the similarities are much more blatantly evident. Americans still insist that the Iraqis are secretly making mass destruction weapons and the Iraqis insist that such activities stopped in the year 1991. Although some troops have been withdrawn from the country by current President Barrack Obama, the war is still far from over. New deaths in Iraq are still being reported each day.

 

Reference

Gardner, L. C., & Young, M. B. (2007). Iraq and the Lessons of Vietnam, or, How Not to Learn from the Past. New York: New Press.

Gwertzman, B. (April 25, 2005). “Nash: Differences and Similarities between Vietnam and Iraq Wars.” Council on Foreign Relations. Web. Retrieved on 26 August, 2011.

Lebovic, J. H. (2010). The Limits of US Military Capability: Lessons from Vietnam and Iraq. Baltimore, MD: JohnsHopkinsUniversity Press.

Nessen, R. (21 March, 2008). “Iraq and Vietnam-Differences and Similarities.” Brookings. Web. Retrieved on 26 August, 2011.

St. John, R, B. (2006). “Parallels Between Iraq War and Vietnam War Are Piling Up.” The Progress Report. Web. Retrieved on 26 August, 2011.

 

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Mobile Cloud Learning

Introduction

Mobile Cloud Learning is based on cloud computing, which is the latest technology in the world of Information Technology (IT). The difference in cloud computing from other kinds of IT is that it does not need software, hardware and license for it to be fully effective (Rao, Sasidhar and Satyendra 42). In fact, one can use it without knowing its source just as the way one uses electricity without them knowing exactly where it may come from. As one of its many applications, it is being used in education, where that type of learning is referred to as mobile cloud learning. The word ‘mobile’ is derived from the fact that it can be accessed through one’s mobile phone, laptop, PDA, amongst others devices (Buyya James and Andrzej 62). This paper will assess learners’ behaviors and the diverse ways they can use this concept, in order to maximize the mobile cloud learning technology.

Case Study

Generally, technology is used in many fields as long as it can be effective and efficient. In this context, the education sector has taken advantage of it as well. Although this kind of technology has been introduced almost all over the world, developed countries are using it more than their developing counterparts are. Mobile Cloud Learning is mostly used to enable communication between the educators and those being educated, manage the teaching and learning process, add knowledge to the interested and willing, amongst others. It is also used amongst the learners (Bacigalupo, David and Gary, 2010).

Learners and educators are looking for ways that can make learning easier but more effective. This is by introducing the most effective ways of delivering such services. The Middle East comprises countries that are developing while others are highly developed. Being a Muslim region, their way of life and their perception of issues is quite different from most of the other non-Islamic countries. However, the need for advanced technology even in the education sector has not been neglected (Eze and Nkadi 32). More and more people are being educated today, including girls/women, than they were a number of years ago.

In addition, countries in the Middle East are unique and pose a challenge economically, geographically, politically and culturally, especially with their heterogeneous nature. The region has many diverse languages, cultures, and religions, although the widely practiced religion is Islam. Consequently, a number of special options have to be considered when designing and developing such an advanced technology. For example, some countries that make up the region are not economically equal; some are very wealthy due to the oil industry, while others are poor due to their arid to semi-arid environment (Jaatung, Gansen and Chnming 102). Therefore, there is needed an implementation of a special blend of policies to make sure that the economically low countries can put up with the cost of such a technology. Technology- wise, the countries are not on the same level. Some, like Dubai and Israel are more advanced than others, which are still trying to adopt the ever-changing technology (Al-Zoube, El-Seude and Mudasser 50).

Cloud computing does not need any hardware or software. Cloud computing is technology that can be subscribed as one subscribes to a cable network or internet connection. In one perspective, this kind of technology is less demanding in terms of costs as one need not have discs, software or other facilities needed when using other types of technology. In another perspective, it can become expensive as subscribing to the service differs depending on the region (O’Neil and Ray 75). Learners who are not well off financially or in very remote areas of the nation may find it hectic or expensive to put up with.

4) To understand the userâ??s behavior in different learning styles.

Mobile cloud learning can be designed to suite a specific people or region. Without using extra facilities, the IT specialists may design the learning process to suite the people in the remote areas or those who are not well off. For example, instead of having a one-time subscription, they may introduce a learning process where one can access it through bundles. Being Islam countries, the process may be designed to suit some of the Middle Eastern languages, amongst others. This technology can also be referred to as a borderless learning method. This means that it can reach individual people in the deeply remote areas where there are no libraries, tutors and/or schools. (Xu, Wang and Li 1795).

The response of learners to this learning method has been indicated to be excellent, especially with most studies agreeing on the fact that current young people natively communicate through the language of mobile phones, social networks, and the Internet. Today’s learners have been shown to have more readily embraced learning and educational technologies compared to other traditional learning methods, as these new learning methods allow them to share their knowledge and experiences through online sites. Students have also been identified as exhibiting better learning behaviors while using these learning technologies as they are flexible, a ‘fun’ way to learn, and manageable (Sharif 133).

In a recent survey, a huge percentage of learners/students were found to use laptops, mobile phones or both. Most students interviewed revealed that such gadgets as laptops and mobile phones are must haves. Most revealed that they made sure that they had internet access. Additionally, students want learning environments that are freer and more comfortable than classrooms. They prefer informal places rather than formal ones. Mobile Cloud Learning provides such an opportunity (Kennington, Eli and Dinesh 100). Students use this program to check their timetable, get tutor’s notes/ assignments, do research or even learn a whole course using the same process.

(5) To understand the cloud contents, applications and services based on the needs of a user in education sector.

Mobile cloud learning has a number of benefits to both the users and the administrators. It saves on the hardware and software costs incurred when installing other kinds of systems (Ryan 56). It is also flexible and allows any adjustments depending on the demand and the need. Since it is accessed through subscription, the user need not know its source (Rittinghouse and James 150). The process can also be easily accessed as long as the area is networked. Although one might need to subscribe for it, it can be accessed by everybody. The fact that one might access such a program through their mobile phones or laptop makes it convenient for people in any part of the world to have access to the services provided (Woodill 78).

Conclusion

Mobile Cloud Learning positively influences the learning process as seen in both the educators and the learners. Although it may be more cumbersome for some to access the program than others, it makes it easier for more people to get knowledge through their laptops without worrying much about other hardware. In other words, Mobile Cloud Learning brings the classroom to the student unlike other traditional ways. It is of benefit not only to the learners but also the educators in their management.

 

 

Works Cited

Al-Zoube, Mohammed, El-Seoud S. Abou, and Mudasser F. Wyne. “Cloud Computing Based E-Learning System.” International Journal of Distance Education Technologies. 8.2 (2010): 58-71. Print.

Bacigalupo, David, David De Roure and Gary Willis. Victor, Categorizing of Cloud Computing Business Models. IEEE/ACM, 2010.

Buyya, Rajikumar, James Broberg and Andrzej Goscinski. Cloud Computing: Principles and Paradigms. Hoboken, New Jersey, 2011. Print.

Eze, D N, and Nkadi Onyegegbu. Information Communication Technology in the Service of Education. Enugu, Nigeria: TIMEX, 2006. Print.

Jaatung, Martin Gilje, Gansen Zhao and Chanming Rong. Cloud Computing. Berlin, Springer, 2009. Print.

Kennington, Jeffery L., Eli V. Olinick and Dinesh Rajan. Wireless Network Design: Optimization Models and Solution Procedures. New York, Springer, 2011. Print.

Laurillard, Diana. Rethinking University Teaching: A Conversational Framework for the Effective Use of Learning Technologies. London: RoutledgeFalmer, 2002. Print.

Nobert, Pachler. Mobile Learning. Springer Verlag, 2010. Print.

O’Neil, Harold F, and Ray S. Perez. Technology Applications in Education: A Learning View. Mahwah, N.J: L. Erlbaum Publishers, 2003. Print.

Rao, N. Mallikharjuma, C. Sasidhar, V. Satyendra Kumar. Cloud Computing Through Mobile-Learning. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2010. Vol 1, No. 6: 47-47.

Rittinghouse, John, James F. Ransome. Cloud Computing: Implementation, Management and Security. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2010. Print.

Ryan, Steve. The Virtual University: The Internet and Resource-Based Learning. London: Kogan Page, 2000. Print.

Sharif, Amir M. “It’s Written in the Cloud: the Hype and Promise of Cloud Computing.” Journal of Enterprise Information Management. 23.2 (2010): 131-134. Print.

Woodill Gary. The Mobile Learning Edge: Tools and Technologies for Developing Your Teams. New York, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2011. Print.

Xu, B, N Wang, and C Li. “A Cloud Computing Infrastructure on Heterogeneous Computing Resources.” Journal of Computers. 6.8 (2011): 1789-1796. Print.

 

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Research Article

Summary

The article Using the Technology of Today, in the Classroom Today: The Instructional Power of Digital Games Social Networking Simulations and How Teachers can Leverage Them offers an unbiased approach into the potential embedded within gaming networks toward learning. Notable games discussed include World of Warcraft, which features slaying missions incorporating various players from different global sites synchronously. As the gamer overcomes the challenges given, he/she attains more power and life strength within the game (Klopfer, Scot, Jennifer, & Jason, 2009). The Civilization game is also included, and it has a sequence ranging from I to IV where the player is obligated to create their own empire beginning with old material like grass and wood and advancing to newer building materials like nuclear materials.

The Lure of the Labyrinth is also mentioned, and it involves a rescue escapade of a missing pet within a diverse maze with the player required to identify the location by use of various hints. The given games sharpen users minds by offering various challenges that are gradual in nature as marked by the stages involved and thus necessitate a player’s capability to understand and process data rapidly, act instinctively for survival purposes, and operate simultaneously in various aspects that enhance multitasking aptitude. Similarly, learning requires the same skills and capacities for enhanced comprehension and rapid yet credible decisions (Klopfer, et al., 2009).

Impact on Education

            The approach has been very effective within learning programs as initially noted by a 7^th grade instructor named Ross. The lecturer has employed the Diplomacy game in teaching students issues related to international conflicts like World War I where through the visual element, learners have been able to acquire a quick and in-depth comprehension of the subject; the information is easily recalled. Physics has also become an understandable subject as attributed to the StarLogo TNG game as instructors Kali and Hal have been employing within their 12^th grade classes. This is notably indicated in intricate topics like evolution or the management of jungle fires (Klopfer, et al., 2009). Hal notes that the simulation allows learners to formulate various resolutions that are then relayed within the classroom to enhance personal creativity in problem solving.

Kali offers the same reaction with regard to the impact of the simulation in the physics field as they work jointly with Hal. Other games that are useful for scientific and mathematical simulations include the Molecular Workbench and SimCity. Social networks are also quite useful in the creation of threads for conversation purposes as stated by John, a high school literature tutor. John created a personal blog within the Ning social network and used it for the discussion of literature with his students as well as other interested individuals. This diversified learning enhanced idea sharing across various learners thereby encouraging critical thinking and expression of one’s ideas in proper communication format (Klopfer, et al., 2009). Other social networks useful within such an approach are Think.com, Diigo and Panwapa.

Personal Opinion

            I believe that the approach is quite innovative and useful within the learning setting as it employs techniques that are compatible with the young generation thus developing their learning abilities (Johnson, Cleborne, & Leping, 2001). The approach is credible as noted through the four testimonials reflecting development within learners’ comprehension capabilities. It was interesting to note that some games like The Lure of the Labyrinth and Molecular Workbench have been generated by schooling institutions and thus the design and goals conform to learning requirements. Therefore, more scholarly generated games should be created in a bid to overcome the challenge that may be created in trying to modify an existing one into a learning tool (Ivers, & Melissa, 2003).

Conclusion

            In conclusion, the article provides a creative approach in learning yet the effectuality of the system is hinged on the ability of the tutor to embrace the approach and apply various pedagogical aspects for enhanced information delivery to the learners (Petrina, 2007). The school setting is also very deterministic on the program’s success noted on whether it supports the approaches or not. The games utilized within the simulations have to be carefully identified to ensure that the desired learning aims are realized (Solomon, 2007). Students should be allowed a level of flexibility in interacting with the systems as a form of stimulating their imaginative capacity in acquiring solutions within the learning field (Cennamo, John, & Peggy, 2009).

 

References

Cennamo, K. S., John, D. R., & Peggy, A. E. (2009). Technology Integration for Meaningful Classroom Use: A Standards-Based Approach. Clifton Park, NY: Cengage Learning.

Ivers, K. S., & Melissa, P. (2003). A teacher’s guide to using technology in the classroom. Salem, OR: Libraries Unlimited.

Johnson, D. L., Cleborne, D. M., & Leping, L. (2001). Integration of technology into the classroom: case studies. Hamden, CT: Routledge.

Klopfer, E., Scot, O., Jennifer, G., & Jason, H. (2009). Using the Technology of Today, in the Classroom Today: The Instructional Power of Digital Games Social Networking Simulations and How Teachers can Leverage Them. The Education Arcade, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved from http://education.mit.edu/papers/GamesSimsSocNets_EdArcade.pdf

Petrina, S. (2007). Advanced teaching methods for the technology classroom. Southfield, MI: Idea Group Inc.

Solomon, A. (2006). Technology in the Classroom. West Chester, PA: Delmar Thomson Learning.

 

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Noodle Box (Carindale, QLD)

Managing and Training Staff

Noodle Box has various staff positions categorized as chefs, front and back house team members, delivery cyclists and drivers (Noodle Box, 2008). The chef acts as a very significant player within the organization and would therefore only be hired if he/she holds credible academic qualifications. The most important chef for the organization would be the executive chef. He/she would handle the kitchen staff in areas like training new employees, ensuring that quality has been enforced in food preparation, conveying cooking tasks to the various kitchen workers, ordering food provisions and planning the dishes to be prepared. Regarding this, the chef has to be provided with management courses for proper time and resource handling as this leads to effectual business practices (Zwick & Julien, 2011).

With Noodle Box having set its menus, only a few menu supplements are required, therefore the executive chef would offer basic training to the kitchen staff with regard to the standardized processes employed in the outlets, in terms of food production. Practical sessions would be organized upon the end of the chef’s training in assessing the cooking capability of the staff. Failure to meet the standards would ensure that repetition is conducted until perfection is acquired (Zwick & Julien, 2011). Servers would be trained in communication for healthy relations with the customers as well as acceptable serving etiquette as a complementary factor. Both delivery cyclists and drivers would be trained in safety road usage and the company would ensure that the given individuals bear a high comprehension of the various locations in which deliveries have to be made.

The bicycles and automobiles would be fitted with navigational systems and the staff offered training concerning interpretations of the system and the calculation of the highest time saving routes during delivery rounds. Front and back house team members would be offered communication and marketing training to aid with the function of proper recruiting practices and retention aspects. All workers would realize the significance of team work and this would be imparted through team-building ventures that also aid with the creation of healthy relations amongst the employees. Peer-to-peer trainings sessions are a good example of such (Zwick, & Julien, 2011). This aids with management as individuals’ personalities are brought out. Appraisals would be conducted on workers to overcome inefficiencies and work redundancy, thus enhancing management practices.

Marketing in Carindale

            Noodle Box would adopt a substantial marketing approach within the region. This includes promotional activities on the print media, especially the most read newspaper and/or magazine, to enhance knowledge to a wider populace. Audio and visual media would also be employed towards the same issue. Social media is representative of the digital technology and as the company maintains a Facebook account, it would also join other channels like blogs, Twitter and YouTube. This will allow an interactive association between the company and the consumers thus aiding with customer care practices. It will be necessary to perform a market survey in analysing people’s knowledge concerning the eatery and therefore ensure that the less covered regions bear the largest promotional activities as this would guarantee higher populace coverage with regard to the company.

With the survey, Noodle Box will be able to identify its niche markets in terms of regions and other aspects like gender and age. Presently, only two community programs are offered; the first includes sports and the second addresses fundraising arrangements. It is evident that both programs tend to leave out many niches therefore planning to meet this is desirable. For the young market niche, the company would organize fun day activities with food being supplied freely by the company. Teenagers would be targeted with activities such as camping trips for a given number of individuals in a competition. Women would be given complementary shopping tickets for grocery products or a chance to interact with the chef for cooking tips. Communal activities like visiting the sick tend to act as more uniting ideas for all the mentioned groups. All the preceding arrangements would ensure that feedback and idea-sharing provisions are created in measuring the success levels of each approach.

Increasing Overturn and Sales

            The company would employ a proficient sales team in enhancing the awareness through approaches like the use of handbills and flyers. This would include teams within the other mentioned promotional channels to ensure the approaches remain viable and effectual at all instances. Motivational plans for the workers like offering commissions, salary increments and employee titles, amongst others would be put in place in a bid to boost the workers’ efforts in awareness formation as well as ensuring that sales levels are heightened (Cherington, 2008). Expansion plans would be implemented following the survey results in capturing new markets in less covered regions. This may be attained both in terms of local outlets and foreign outlets. The rationale for such expansions is the acquisition of additional consumers, thus the market base. Care would be accorded in the maintenance of present consumers to ensure that a gradual increment is created upon the merging of both groups of consumers.

In fact, present consumers would be offered incentives like free food items within the company’s menu with a number of given purchases to ensure that the present consumption level is enhanced. For instance, consumers may be awarded a free box of noodles for every four purchases made within a single transaction. Therefore, a consumer who only makes one or two purchases will increase the number of boxes acquired in a bid to win the rewards. A customer centric approach would also be included in menu creations. Consumers each have their own varying preferences and therefore act as very good guides to their expectations in terms of food tastes and preparation methods. It is advantageous for the company to include customized food preparations as complementary products and offer varying charges accordingly for the supplementary service (Cherington, 2008). The given sales will enhance the overturn factor. Additionally, consumers would be allowed to make ticket orders that are mostly prepared by the executive chef as a special treat and since a different price is charged for the same, the turnover would increase.

Making Profits

            Profits are always created when the sales value surmounts the costs and this may be achieved through various factors. The first approach is ensuring an increase in the sales level from the present sixty thousand weekly sales. This would be achieved through the preceding marketing and promotional tactics. Secondly, the market base must also be increased from forty thousand weekly consumers (Noodle Box, 2008). Both requirements may be realized though menu expansions as well as ensuring that present food items acquire higher sales. The third process required in ensuring heightened profits is a modification of the present cost structure. This is based on the argument that the higher the costs or expenditure an individual has, the lower the profits as high monetary needs have to be directed from the realized proceeds (Furtwengler, 2009). Therefore, in as much as the company enhances its sales and consumer base, then a simultaneous process would be implemented in the cost factor to ensure its reduction.

Costs are mostly lessened through riddance of inefficiencies. The chef would ensure that purchases are acquired from affordable outlets and within the right measures to eliminate deficiency of supplies or over-purchasing, leading to wastage. Secondly, the human resource and sales divisions would ensure that the workforce is trimmed to the required level as this eliminates labour surplus and thus checks the additional expenditure attributed to the same factor. Such efficiencies would be utilized in all company areas since inefficiencies have proved to be costly factors. Eliminating the same would therefore enhance the profits acquired within the institution (Furtwengler, 2009).

Validations in Business Management

            I am well able to deliver the required management capability due to various reasons. First, I have worked with franchising businesses that the company presently uses and this has created commendable experience that will be very helpful in managing the same. The experience will also aid with the marketing issue in creating platforms for the implementation of other outlets within the expansion requirement (Hiles, 2010). Secondly, I possess an in-depth comprehension of the food preparation industry that will be very helpful in creating a competitive factor towards trading rivals within the same industry. This will be in a bid to preserve as well as acquire larger markets for the given products and subsequently the proceeds and profits. Thirdly, having worked within a group-based industry, I possess the skills required to implement a group culture within the Noodle Box organization. This includes the compilation of ideas from various individuals towards a given issue and then according a proper decision process before implementation.

Mobilization of ideas from the workforce requires a healthy communication capacity as well as ensuring that individuals are at liberty to offer their ideas. I will achieve this through the team-building approach and thereby create a better work environment. Additionally, I will ensure that an award system is implemented for workers’ inspiration. Lastly, I am an enthusiastic follower of the customer-centric approach in commercial activities and will therefore utilize the same in eliminating any inefficacity noted with regard to client handling in a bid to improve satisfaction and propel the store towards enhanced market base retention capability within the food company (Hiles, 2010).

 

References

Cherington, P. T. (2008). Advertising as a Business Force. Rockville, MD: Wildside Press LLC.

Furtwengler, D. (2009). Pricing for Profit: How to Command Higher Prices for Your Products and Services. New York, NY: AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn.

Hiles, A. (2010). The Definitive Handbook of Business Continuity Management. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons.

Noodle Box. (2008). About Us. Retrieved from

Zwick, D., & Julien, C. (2011). Inside Marketing: Practices, Ideologies, Devices. Oxford, UK: OxfordUniversity Press.

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