Category: Samples

Social Networking

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            It is a well-documented fact; social networking enhances interaction through social media, which ideally connects people from different regions. In this regard, social networking is outlined as the practice, which expands relationship that would not have been established without social networking. With no doubt; social networking is a potent tool that attributes excellent outcomes when used properly. In reality, social networking is popular in the Modern World with technology development growing rapidly. For the past years, social networking has enhanced effective communication to the extent, one can update personal information in the social networking profile such as Face book thus, ease allocation. On the other hand, social networking has been essential in business set up as a powerful tool for advertising thus, creating opportunities for many companies to market their goods and services. Nevertheless, social networking has had negative effects when snot used properly. When abused, it results to time wastage since the addict end up using most of their time social networking. Subsequently, Online Social Networks Leak Personal Information to Third-Party thus, tracking Sites and Privacy. With this in mind, this paper seeks to discuss social networking in detail by discussing it popularity and its effects when abused. In addition, the paper will discuss how Online Social Networks Leak Personal Information to Third-Party Tracking Sites and Privacy.

 

 

 

 

 

How Social Networking Is Popular Today

It appears that, social networking is popular today to the extent, many people spend nearly three hours in a day on mobile phones emailing. In this regard, mobile phones have been so much advanced that, they have a web that enhances socializing. Under this context, the most popular social networks are Face-book, MySpace, Twitter, Friendster, Google, Yahoo and Live journey just to name the few. Plenty interesting, some people have met their spouse through social networking while others maintaining a strong friendship globally; imposing its popularity. The growing popularity of face-book is remarkable such that, more than four hundred million people globally use face-book. With no doubts; face-book has been the most visited website globally, which users create their personal profile, and as a result, add other users as friends. In facts, face-book has created a strong social networking with many having friends globally. Interestingly, face-book has features that users may interact with such as wall, space on the user profile page, which enables friends to post their messages.

There has been a remarkable growth in Twitter popularity in that, twitter users have increased by 51 % growth from 2006. With no doubt; Twitter is a social networking that enables users to send updates. In reality, Twitter popularity spike during the 2010 FIFA World cup where fans wrote 2,950 tweets in thirty second period and the record was broken where 3, 085 tweets were posted per second when Los Angeles Lakers in the NBA finals won the trophy. In addition, when the American singer Michael Jackson died in 2009, the twitter company crushed as a result of users updating their status in grief towards Michael Jackson death and sharing their sorrow with their fellow fans. These facts, imposes the popularity of social networking.

 

Effects of Social Networking Abuse in a community

Despite social networking being a powerful tool, when abused it may lead to immorality. For instance, in face-book cases have emerged where many have created seductive profile photos, and as a result, promoted immorality. In such incidences, the interested group has ended up connecting emotionally through chatting and eventually arranging for dates with an aim of fulfilling sex gratifications. Often, marriages have been at risk in the sense that, social networks has created a room for many people in marriage to be unfaithful to their partners thus, resulting to divorce. As a result, divorces have destroyed many families thus, many children bearing a lot of pain when growing up.

Social networks are addictive imposing a threat in time wastage. Many people may end up wasting time social networking thus, resulting to laziness and procrastination. In real life, time management is essential and its waste result to unfulfilled dreams. In addition, a social network has had useless advertisements, which carry people away to think there is such the advertised product, career and services. In facts, many have been conned as a result, of being promised to get a job. In addition, social network devices lead to lack of company productivity especially when workers waste time in social networking. As a result, companies have encountered low working performance imposing its effect when abused.

 

How Online Social Networks Leak Personal Information to Third-Party Tracking Sites and Privacy

In facts, social networks allow users to post their privacy policies on their posts, which in many cases allow the third party to know the personal records in networking profiles. In some cases, ‘the third party may end up stalking the user destroying the gamut privacy life. In addition, online social network may enhance tracking sites especially when geographic information is detailed. The third party may end tracing the user with the information detailed. In conclusion, social network increases theft in cases when the user may have detailed where he or she works. Many may end up using such an opportunity to enrich themselves.

 

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Slotting allowance

Introduction

            For many years, slotting allowance has been a contentious issue on whether it should be illegal or not. Slotting allowance is the payment made by the manufacture or else salesperson to the retailer, for an assurance of getting a space in the retailer store or otherwise warehouses. In reality, the fee varies depending on the manufacturer, product as well as marker conditions. The practice is widespread in supermarkets industry. With this regard, Wang (2) argue that, some companies regards slotting allowance to be unethical in the sense that, it creates barriers for smaller business to compete with larger companies for lack of cash to pay slotting allowance. On the other hand, some companies outline slotting allowance to be beneficial in that, it efficiently allocate a retail shelf space. With this and many more, this paper seeks to examine three points in peer viewed academic journals articles in support and against the use of slotting allowances.

In support of slotting allowance

            The major arguments in favor of slotting allowance are found  in the article slotting allowance and fees 2000 whereby Bloom, Gundlach and Cannon argue that, slotting allowance is considered a vital tool that improve distribution efficiency. With this regard, Gloom, et al (1) argue that, slotting allowance enables companies to effectively distribute their goods to various supermarkets or any other business set up. To guarantee its distribution, the company pays slotting fees to retailers’ shops. In this context, it becomes an efficient aspect for various companies to distribute their goods in different channels who in turn, sell their products to various groups of people visiting those distribution channels. In this regard, the article reviews how a business may grow tremendously due to distributing its good to various channels.

Secondly, slotting allowance efficiently allocate a retail shelf space in the most profitable and valuable way. Allocating shelf space both benefit the manufacturer or else wholesaler with retailer. It is a well-documented fact; the manufacturer becomes advantageous in being competitive in the market in that; goods become known in the large market. It with do doubt, every client in the distribution places becomes aware of the company existence along with goods they offer. With this in mind, the article outlines slotting allowance to be the most efficient way for marketing goods (Gloom, et al 1).

Thirdly, in the article slotting allowance and retail market power 2006 Wang argue that, slotting allowance enables goods to be accessible to customers that mostly visit retail stores. Slotting allowance ensures that goods are available at all time thus enabling retailers to extend their sales to the widest number of customers. As a result, it greatly attracts clients who in this case, may be the users of the goods. Therefore, slotting allowance enables goods to be accessible to all thus; been an advantage to people located in the retail store who a time may be required to walk in miles in search for products. In this context, it saves time for clients in addition, saves money that would otherwise be used in accessing goods. In conjunction with this, Wang argue that, making goods accessible to clients benefit retail shops to convert their first time customers to frequent shoppers and frequent shoppers to potential shoppers. This is because; making goods available in retail shops creates customer satisfaction since; customers easily access what they need (Wang 1).

Against use of slotting allowance

            In the article managing trade promotions within the context of market power 1999 Kasulis, Morgan, Griffith and Kenderdine, argue that, two main disadvantages of slotting allowance is that, slotting fees are unethical in that, they tend to create barriers for entry of smaller businesses who may not have cash flow to compete with other large companies. To some extend, it may lead to manufacturer’s goods penetrating to the market because of their capability for  paying the slotting fee without considering the quality nature of goods they are offering.  In this regard, Kasulis et al argue that, many smaller businesses are sidelined despite of the quality goods they may be offering. With this in mind, the article outline that slotting allowance limits smaller businesses to distribute their goods despite of its quality nature.

Secondly, to some extent, slotting allowance leads to abuse such in the case, of a manufacturer being required to pay a certain fee for a specific period that the products would be in shelves. As a result, many manufacturers end up enquiring losses paying the fee without guarantee of their products been sold. It becomes more frustrating when the product is new in the market in that, it may not be so much demanded compared to products that may have existed in the past. As a result, may products may end not bought, which as a result, may frustrate a firm that may have spent a lot of money paying for its item for the period it has been in retail stores.

Thirdly, to some extent, (Kenderdine, et al 1) argue that, slotting allowance done by retailer does not guarantee selling goods of the manufacturer. As a result, this can end up affecting the overall profits and sales of both the manufacturer and retailer. To some point, it leads to customer in satisfaction in sense that, a retailer may use slotting fees to stock the shop with goods without first considering the target market. Despite of benefiting from slotting fees; many customers that may not be the users of the goods may end up searching for other retail shops who in this case may be selling what they need. With this in mind, it is with no doubt; it would lead to market share thus; becoming unfavorable to the retailer shop. In addition, the manufacturer may incur losses in the sense that, goods may end up expiring in the retail shop whose otherwise would have been told in other potential market. In this regard, it may affect the overall profits and sales for both the manufacturer and the retailer.

Conclusion

            In facts, it is obvious that, slotting allowance is both valuable and still detrimental. As discussed in the paper, it may be valuable in the sense that, it guarantees effective distribution, efficiently allocates a retail shelf space in the most profitable and valuable way and enabling goods to be accessible to customers more easily (Gloom et al, 1). On the contrary, it may create barriers for smaller businesses that may not have cash flow to compete with other large companies, businesses enquiring losses in paying slotting fees and a time no guarantee of the goods been sold. With this regard, this paper has examined three points in various articles in support and against the use of slotting allowances.

 

Work cited

Cannon, Joseph., Gundlach, Gregory., & Bloom, Paul. (2000). Slotting Allowances and Fees:       Schools of Thought and the Views of Practicing Managers. The Journal of Marketing, 64        (2) 17, 2000,  Print.

Kenderdine, James., David., Morgan, Fred., & Kasulis, Jack. Managing trade promotions in the    context of market power. Journal of the Academy of marketing science, 27 (3) 320-332,          1999, Print.

Wang, Hao. Slotting allowances and retailer market power. Journal of Economic Studies, 33 (1)   68 – 77, 2006, Print.

 

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The duties of a Manager vary widely depending on the industry, but some responsibilities are common to managers in all fields. Managers are responsible in making sure that the employees perform their duties in a timely and accurate manner. They have powers to hire and fire employees who do not have important input into the requirements needed for the company to progress. In many companies, there are levels of management whose work is to supervise employees at one level but may have one higher management (Karl, et al 1991). The Manager spends a lot of time giving direction to the organization in showing what need to be done, when it needs to be done and how it needs to be done. Instead of giving order, an effective manager gives instruction for their different people who need to be told in a sensitive way. When a manager do this well, he will achieve the best results thus becoming a better manager. This paper aims to look at the skills that are required for the manager to be effective.

As mentioned above, effective manager should give instructions instead of orders. When one gives orders, he or she does not give the other person to give suggestion instead, individuals tend to do what is being ordered. When a Manager give instructions, there is a freedom of coming up with the best way to perform the task thus getting the job done effectively. When an employee is given instructions, there is support in performing the tasks in a successful way. Good communication is important for any manager who wants to be effective (Catherine, et al2004). Communication involves speaking as well as listening. If the message is being misunderstand, it should be clarified. Visionary managers share their vision with the employees along with making sure the team understands what needs to be done. They make sure the employees contribute in the organization success by inspiring them to have their own visions and reach out on those visions (Flamholtz, 1996).

No management can impart the organization without the skill of integrity. Therefore, they should practice what they tell the employees to do. They should be an example that the employees can follow without questioning. A negative leader practices unethical business and expect others not to do the same. Delegating responsibility is an important skill that the leader should posses. This means that, the manager should train the subordinates or team members to perform their tasks in the right manner and inspire them to do better than he can do. There should be no fear of being overshadowed by the employees. As much this is important, the team should have faith on the leader that he is doing what is needed to be done, for this will show the team that doing such assignment s is important.  People do not have respect for indecisive managers. They should always think carefully before making decisions, at the same time not take too long in making decisions. Management training emphasize that the top leader should routinely reward their staff. This will motivate the staffs to be more effective and the lazy one to inspire to do better so as to be rewarded. The reward should be something that shows the staffs that their work is vital in the organization. This may include a pay rise in salary, a promotion or a compliment of good work (Biilsberry, 1996).

One of the most important skills in management profession is creation of an overall strategy that views on dealing with most of the issues that the profession faces. The leader should be in a position to deal with the challenges that the organization faces rather than becoming discourage. Being accountable on records management issue help one to stay focus on the basic skills required.

 

 

References

Biilsberry J, (1996). The effective manager perspectives and illustrations. New York: Sage Publishers

Catherine M, Deborah K, Jensen M, (2004).  The case manager’s handbook. New York: Jones & Bartlett Learning Publishers

Flamholtz E, (1996). Effective management control: theory and practice. California: Springer Publishers.

Karl F, Steven R, Drozdeck M, (1991). The effective manager: being the best in financial sales management. New York: New York press

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Shipboard Incident

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            It is a well-documented fact; MSC Sonia is the container ship, which operates on the linear service between Australian East coast and Asia, Brisbane and Sydney.  MSC Sonia was built by Mitsubishi industries in 1972. In essence, the ship has 261 m overall length, 32.26M the molded breadth and 21.49 depth. According to Australian transport Safety Bureau 2007, the occurrence of the ship been severely burnt by the stream was due to lack of job safety, communication and hazard awareness. Additionally, investigation outlined that, the exhaustion of the boiler safety on, which it was placed indicated that, personnel in the funnel casing were vulnerable at the time that the boiler safety valve maneuvered. With this regard, this paper seeks to analyze the report of the crew member that seriously burned by steam on the board of MSC Sonia.

According to Australian transport Safety Bureau 2007, the tragedy occurred on 10 April, at around 9.45 am. With no doubt; the incident was so much traumatism that, the ship carried the normal cargo exchanges thus, the degree of the consequences of the damage being high. In conjunction with this, the ship captain joined the ship whose plan was to complete the audit of the ship management through carrying out inspection. In facts, the crew carried out their normal maintenance duties and normal watch keeping. With this in mind, investigations were done to establish the cause of the tragedy, and results indicated that, while the ordinary seaman with the boatswain were painting the starboard of the main engine exhaust, the steam unexpectedly uttered the boiler safety valve. Surprisingly, the chief engineer, the surveyor and the second engineer knew that the steam would exhaust in the funnel top vent but; they assumed that no tragedy would occur in that, the incidence would be clear for all personnel. In this regard, Australian transport Safety Bureau argues that, if each group knew activities to be carried out in tragedy, the incident would not have occurred. In facts, all members had the seagoing experience but their ignorance for the incidence caused the ship tragedy.

In essence, at the time of incidence, the MSC Sonia ship had one Myanmar crew with thirty Indian nationals. It is a well-documented fact; the master held an Indian certificate of skill with seventeen years of seagoing experience in addition, was sailing as the master for six years. In conjunction with this, the chief engineer held a class one certificate of competency in Indian in addition, has thirty two years of seagoing working experience in the sense that, he had been a chief engineer from 1990. Additionally, the chief mate held the Indian first mate certificate with eighteen years of the seagoing experience. The seagoing engineer on the other hand, had twenty three of the seagoing experience. Despite the experiences and education background the mentioned people had, they were not aware of the dangers associated while working in the platform of the conduit casing. In this regard, the chief engineers, surveyor with the second engineer were not equipped that, the crew was working in the top platform of funnel casing. Secondly, there were no safety issues in the sense that, the engineer officer and the senior deck never discussed their work programs adequately to enhance awareness of each department responsibilities. In conjunction with this, the ship crew never considered risks associated with painting of the funnel top exhaust or inspecting the boiler. With no doubt; the direction through, which the placement of steam vent pipe was exhausted outlined that, any individual in the funnel top platform was vulnerable for the tragedy. Subsequently, surveyor neglected to control the risks linked to the operating safety valves.

Investigations done by Australian transport Safety Bureau indicated that, the vent pipe construction attributed to the incidence occurrence in the sense that, it never directed the exhausting steam at the height above the working platform. It is borne in mind; the vent pipe stands at 0.5 M above the deck whereby it is terminated with the right angle bend, and the steam is directed towards the main working platform areas. With this regard, report outline that, there would no injuries of the ordinary seaman had the pipe been designed directing the steam away from the height above the person standing the platform.

In reality, the ship security management system demanded a permit for the working system but, never included the necessities for the ship crew to carry out the hazardous tasks. With this regard, the chief engineer and the chief mate never identified some hazards that demanded attention in the sense that, they carried their normal duties. In this context, if the chief mate with the chief engineer completed their tasks, it is argued that, they would have identified the hazard of venting of steam. Despite the surveyor been aware that the steam would exhaust the top funnel; he assumed that the ship crew would ensure the area was clear of the personnel. Subsequently, he never checked the strategies that would have controlled the risks. With this in mind, Australian transport Safety Bureau outline that, if the surveyor controlled the hazards associated with the safety valves, he would have controlled the risk.

In facts, the MSC Sonia protection management demanded the senior staff to discuss the maintenance completed in two weeks and forwarded to the ship’s manager like the maintenance report. Nevertheless, the protection management had not outlined the need of carrying out daily meetings, which as a result, the ship crew never identified the need for implementing the system. Typically, the chief mate discussed the maintenance issue with the engineers in cases when he felt the need for addressing the technical input. In this regard, if the engineer officer and the senior deck met occasionally to discuss the intended work to complete; they would probably identify the hazards and fix it. Nevertheless, this was not the case in that, the steam exhausted from the boiler safety valves when crew members were working with the funnel exterior top platform.

In conclusion, the Australian transport Safety Bureau outline that, the MSC ship management introduced some safety actions to prevent such incidence occurring. In essence, the company issued numerous safety circulars that emphasized on effective communication, job planning and analysis. In conjunction with this, job planning system demanded the toolbox meeting and completion of the risk assessment before any work started. With this regard, the company intends to prevent the incident occurrence by working on areas that require improvement and change. In this regard, this paper has analyzed the report of the crew member that seriously burned by steam on the board of MSC Sonia.

 

References

 Australian Transport Safety Investigation Report. (1987).Crew member seriously burned by          steam on board MSC Sonia. Marine Occurrence Investigation, 239 1-7

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Case Analysis of Sherman and Jackson Stores

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CURRENT SITUATION

Sherman and Jackson stores incorporation are a chain that began seventy years ago. The chain began with five to ten stores and it has grown to over one hundred retail shops. Additionally, products line has grown to the extent of having expensive items such as color television sets along with furniture that were not found in the past years. The market in Sherman and Jackson stores incorporation has been growing drastically with new customers becoming frequent shoppers. Store layouts are usually standardized whereby every store carries similar products with brands roughly in equal quantities. Each manager is responsible in running every store as well as responsible for maintenance, sales clerks and security.

Strategic Posture.  

       I.            Mission. 

As the company grows, it intends to concentrate more on the less expensive lines of the store since most of the customers are not well off financially. Most of the customers save every coin to purchase a car. With this regard, the company aims to reach all customers, which in return will increase overall profits.

    II.            Objectives  

• Increase usage of the products by lowering prices in order to attract more customers and to get people in the store.
• Restructuring effective sales and marketing in the company to develop awareness of products to the clients.

1.  III.            Strategies   

• Develop products in variety merchandise, which in return will attract more customers having different taste.
• Working on marketing strategies such as promotion to create frequent shoppers and first buyers to potential customers

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT.   

• High degree of competition from other businesses that offer and sell similar products
• Many customers are not well financially, which as a result, causes the company to adjust pricing to meeting all clients’ needs.

 

General Environment Components.

• Demographic conditions such as income, which affects, the company lowering products prices to meet all customers: When customers experience finances problems he or she will postpone anything than is not paramount.

Specific Environment Components

• Potential uncertainties of customers due to the change of taste to the point of, many are dissatisfied with the company products and services.
• The management to have a steady and reliable flow of inputs in order to achieve the company objectives

Threats

• New entry of competitors
• The company is at risk of selling some products at a cheaper price; to meet the need of customers who are not financially stable as a result, decreasing total revenues.

Opportunities

By examining threats, there will be a proper estimation of identifying the unfavorable market shift, which in return will create the defensive posture of the company meeting its potential ways for diversification.

INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT.          

Strengths

• High-bargaining power over supplier prices
• Reasonably pricing of merchandise which appeals to the mass market
• Many stores in convenient locations
• Loyal personnel

Weaknesses

• The company lack marketing experts thus creating problems of many customers coming with adverts in the newspaper without the knowledge of the sales personnel.

ANALYSIS.                           

In essence, the company lacks working together in a team. This contributes to the reason why sales people make advertisement of the company products without involving the sales personnel. When customers ask about the products being advertised, the sales personnel are caught unaware. This impose to clients that, the company is not fully aware of what it is selling as well advertising. The main problem is poor marketing skills.

RECOMMENDATIONS  

• The company should develop alternative strategies that include use of user status consist of having the first time, potential together with regular customers
• The company to develop an effective team that would enhance effective distribution to various channels
• The company to work as a team in sales and marketing
• Offer discounts on products

Advantages/ Disadvantages for the Alternative

1. When the company develops the aspect of user status, this will maintain first-time customers to potential buyers. Additionally, potential buyers will change to frequent shoppers, which as a result, increase the company revenues. However, this requires time in convincing the first-time buyer to become a potential buyer.
2. When the company develops effective team in distribution channels, there will be a guarantee of the company goods been known in many distributions. On the contrary, this requires herculean capital in terms of adding the stock to fit all distributions sites. Additionally, much money is required in paying the team in charge of distribution.
3. When Sherman and Jackson stores incorporation works together like a team in marketing; it will absolutely meets the objective in marketing. Everybody in the company will be aware of the products been advertised thus, eliminating problems that emerge in cases when the owners of the company are not aware of the products been advertised. There may be a vulnerability in cases when the sales-personnel is not around especially if a need emerge for marketing goods.
4. Access of discounts would attract many customers to buy more. However, it may directly affect the company revenues because of low pricing.

IMPLEMENTATION       

The management team to monitor each task progress along with achievement percentage of each objective of the company. For instance, when delays of the company achievement occur; the management team to evaluate the cause. If this is done, it will ensure that the company is progressing at daily basis.

References

 

Sherman and Jackson Stores, Inc. Retrived on 3 May,2011 from:              https://mail.google.com/mail/h/56r3v9eyw4ga/?view=att&th=12fb4ef14e28a28            8&attid=0.1&disp=vah&realattid=f_gn8kcv6v0&zw

 

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Schizophrenia and Psychosis Lifespan Development

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Schizophrenia psychosis and lifespan development matrix

Schizophrenia Disorder	DSM IV-TR categories of schizophrenia and psychosis
The shared psychotic disorder	It is also referred to be “Folle a” Deux”. The disorder is a rare condition which a healthy person shares delusions of an individual with the psychotic disorder. The disorder has been outlined to be a times normal in that; a part from the delusions, behaviors and thoughts are normal.
Schizophrenia	Various assumptions have been invented to describe this problem. Currently, many experts consider this to be, the consequences of the physiological disorder mostly brought by life stressor. The disorder has been outlined to affect the cognition behavior. Victims of schizophrenia are more likely to experience additional disorder of social problems.  Paranoid schizophrenia is regarded to be the sub-type of the schizophrenia. It categorized within the manual of mental disorders and diagnostic. It has been outlined as the most type of schizophrenia disorder. Often, victims with the first episode of schizophrenia at
Schizophreniform	Schizophreniform is utilized to be the starting analysis for the schizophrenia. This is because, there are difficulties in the primary analysis that is very recurrently hesitant and for that reason, and Schizophreniform is utilized. Despite the fact that Schizophreniform is a lifetime illness, it last less than six months. The disorder tends to affect both women and men. Studies have shown that, it strikes women at the age of 24-35 and men as a younger age between the ages of 18-24yrs.
Schizoaffective disorder	Most theories have recommended the biological part for this disorder like that of schizophrenia. It mostly affect emotion and cognitive. It has been outlined to be the brain disorder, which distorts the way an individual reason and the he expresses emotions. Schizoaffective disorder is outlined to be a long-term illness, which influence all areas of daily basis.
Autism Spectrum	Autism spectrum is categorized with various abnormalities of communication, restricted behaviors and social interaction. The five forms of Autism spectrum disorder include Asperger syndrome, Rett syndrome, pervasive development disorder and childhood disintegrative disorder. Under Autism spectrum disorder, there are pervaise development disorders.
Catatonic schizophrenia	Most assumptions have outlined this disorder to be life-long mental illness, which affects the aspect of human functioning. This disorder mostly affects behavior, the way of thinking and emotions. This disorder is also known as waxy flexibility because the victim with catatonic schizophrenia shows extreme mobility.
Rumination disorder	From the biological perceptive Rumination, disorder constitutes of frequent regurgitation along with re-chewing of food for at least one month following the period of normal functioning. In infancy, rumination disorder has been explained by psychodynamic, cognitive avenues and behavioral that is most popular in the recent times.
Oppositional defiant disorder/Behavior disorder	This is a pattern of the negativist and defiant behavior that; last for six months. This disorder is more common in males that in female. It shows high degree of steadiness over lifespan development. It is not clear why the number of male experiencing this disorder is due to genetic, biological or social conformity. However, there are little hearsay that, Oppositional Defiant Disorder mostly affect adolescents in the process of identity formation as well as in the renegotiation of relationship with parents.
Cognitive disorder	Theories have categorized the disorder to be the mysterious of the brain abnormalities that prevents children and infants from developing normally. It has not been known why within the brain; the complex interaction of genes with environment causes the brain to go astray. However, researchers are working currently to ensure that, the aspect of brain is known every year.
Dementia of the Alzheimer’s type	This includes the cognitive deficits manifested through memory impairment and disturbances within executive functioning. It is well documented that, the pairing of the cognitive deficiencies along with dependence lead to bouts of depression.

 

In essence, the most essential signs of schizophrenia disorders are psychosis and hallucination. In this regard, delusions are outlined to be wrong values that considerably encumber the capability of an individual to work. For example, thinking that people have bad intentions to hurt you. In addition, Hallucinations are outlined to wrong perceptions. They can be visible, auditory, tactile, olfactory and a time the feeling of insects crewing in the body. In this regard, this sections aims to discuss causes and symptoms of Schizophrenia Disorders.

Causes and Symptoms

The shared psychotic disorder

The causes for the shared psychotic disorder are not yet known but; many have assumed it is caused by stress, social isolation and genetic factors which are meant to play a fundamental role in development. The major indications are delusions like those of delusion problem. The symptoms are also similar to those of a person already established in misconception. Additionally, the person with this disorder believes spying aliens. Victims isolate from society and maintain close emotional boundaries in their lives. They find it challenging, interacting with members in the society.

 

Schizophrenia

            Medical experts argue that, schizophrenia is caused by inheriting genes and environment factors that affect life cycle development and poor nutritional ( Remschmidt, 2001). Environmental factors that occur during childhood and adolescent if not friendly damages the brain further thereby increasing the risk of schizophrenia. This is the reason why most victims suffering from this disorder tend to suffer mental illness. Additionally, it is caused by social and psychological factors. This implies that, when children are exposed to stress, their brain is damaged because children and teens have sensitivity brain to stress. This is proven by the fact that, the brain of children and teens is five to ten times more sensitive than that of adult brains. Therefore, if children experiences stress, they are at greater risk of schizophrenia. Baby delivery complication causes risk of schizophrenia and the exposure to cat on pregnant women causes the risk of child acquiring schizophrenia later in life. Schizophrenia is mostly manifested to be the delusions, disorganized speech and thinking. Other symptoms include sleep disturbances, inability to experience joy, having a desire less emotions, sudden irritability, depression, suicidal thoughts, severe anxiety, and deterioration of academic performance. Some of the cognitive symptoms include directionless, nonsensical reasoning and religious delusions, violent behaviors,

Schizophreniform

            Although the causes of schizophreniform disorder are not established, researchers argue that, it is caused by imbalance of biochemical that barricades the transmission of messages (Lenzenweger, 2010).   The disorder may also be hereditary from parents to children. Additionally, environmental factors such as stress and poor social interaction may develop the illness. Symptoms of Schizophreniform are similar to those of schizophrenia. These include poor hygiene, strange behaviors such as walking in circles, disorganized speech, severe anxiety, deterioration of academic performance and suicidal thoughts.

Schizoaffective disorder

            The root of schizoaffective is unknown but; it is many assume it is caused by environmental and hereditary factors. Genetic causes are more often in families where most family members suffer.  Environmental factors include stress and disappointments among others. An individual with schizoaffective disorder has brutal changes in mood along with psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia that include disorganized thinking and delusions. Symptoms include poor appetite, lack of energy, suicidal thoughts, and self-blame.

Autism Spectrum

            Fundamentally, the causes for autism are not yet known. Hearsays outline that, it is mostly caused by genetic and environment factors. Different people with autism have different symptoms. The main symptoms and signs include repetitive routine behaviors such as repeating words or behaviors and communication problems.

Catatonic schizophrenia

            Catatonic schizophrenia is mostly caused by brain disorder. The common symptoms include mood disorders, severe anxiety and communication problems.

Rumination disorder

            This disorder is occasionally caused by behavior during breastfeeding. Severe stress and psychical illness may contribute to rumination disorder. A time, it may be the act of gaining attention. The symptoms include weight loss, indigestions, tooth decay and repeated re-chewing of food.

Dementia of the Alzheimer’s type

Dementia of the Alzheimer is caused by loss of mental function that interferes with an individual daily functioning.  Additionally, toxic reactions due to excessive alcohol and drugs may attribute to the

disorder. Symptoms include change of personality, mood imbalance, suicidal thoughts and lack of appetite among others.

Cognitive disorder

Cognitive problems is caused by sorts of brain problems, tumors, infection, close-head injuries, strokes and exposure to neurotics. Generally, infections cause is cognitive disorders that disrupt brain functioning. The main symptoms include suicidal thoughts, moodiness and severe anxiety among others.

Oppositional defiant disorder

            Oppositional defiant disorder is behavior disorder caused by disobedience, biological factors in the brain and genetic factors in the aspect of disease running within the family. Symptoms include shifting blames on others, use of obscene language, excessively arguing, and use of vulgar language, hot temper and frequent resentment. In conclusion, severe anxiety and frequent vomiting are also some symptoms of Oppositional defiant disorder (Ritsner, 2001).

 

 

References

Lenzenweger, M.F. (2010). Schizotypy and Schizophrenia: The View from Experimental    Psychopathology. New York: Guilford Press

Remschmidt, H. (ed). (2001). Schizophrenia in children and adolescents. New York: Schizophrenia in      children and adolescents

Ritsner, M. (ed). (2001). Handbook of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders, Volume I: Conceptual Issues    and Neurobiological Advances. California: Springer Publisher

 

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Safety, Security, Health and Environmental law in Australia

 

Introduction

 

In Australia, safety, security, healths as well as environmental laws are stated. Every State and Region has laws that adjust health, safety in places of work as well as laws for environmental protection. The commonwealth has also ratified laws to legalize the health as well as security of commonwealth public sectors employees, employees for private sector who have centralized self-insurance licenses as well as separate laws for regulating health and safety in industries. The commonwealth has ratified laws that aim to guard biological assortment. The approach in connection to security is more different. Security compulsions have been passed through definite industries as well as precise activities. Guidance to legal compliances is usually provided through codes of practice as well as the materials for guiding. The category of these codes of practice usually differs from region to region. Regulatory authorities as well as environmental laws have enforced safety, Security, Health. This paper aims at showing these set of laws and how they have been practiced.

In the Wale of New South, the job-related healths as well as safety set of laws of practice are not lawfully binding. While falling in line with policy of performance is not a resistance, failure to abide by can be used in proof within lawful proceedings for break of the act. In Queensland as well as Victoria compliance with set of laws, practice is a guard. Australian customary is not lawfully binding except particularly identified by the legislation. According Inspector Marceady (2007), NSWIRComm 132 demonstrates where Australian standards are not particularly identified in the articulate terms of the set of laws and not values in Australian, which can be the crucial point of any judicial thought of legal responsibility or else sentencing. In overseer Marceady Falcon NSWIRComm 132, a law outworker on building a place was fined $73,125 in additional to the director been fined $4100 in relation to an occurrence where a worker of sub-contractor knock down from a height while doing his usual job in cement rendering. The employee lost balance while performing his duties. Farcon was therefore charged in s 8(2) law of the job-related Health as well as Security Act 2000 (NSW) owed to failure in making sure people other than employees are not exposed to risk in their health as well as security arising due to its job while in the places if work. Farcon’s manager was also accused in s 8(2) pursuant to s 26(1) that considered a manager legally responsible for the offences of the firm (Peter, 2004)

In sentencing, the prosecutor presented that view should be due to failure of the short-lived handrail to gather the necessities of Australian standard ASI675- fixed policies, walkways, set of steps as well as ladders –Design, construction in addition to putting in place. On the other hand, Staunton tends to do away with this approach. Australian values have been established by the courts as the agreement of specialized view as well as realistic skill as to the rational into safe precautions. These set of laws are not lawfully required and it is up to the judge to determine the quantity of influence to give to individuals. Honour however believed in the provision of law cl 56 (Prevention in falling from heights-specific in hazard control procedures) of the job-related Health as well as security Regulations 2001 (NSW) to be more of its importance (Michael, 2007).

In the environmental perspective, licensing is the strength of environmental safety approaches. All activities in the environmental are required to have a license. The licenses permit ensures that conditions are been provided in place to avoid pollution. Magistrates take the aspect of licenses as a serious condition and they regard it as commitment of trust. Within State Pollution Control Commission v CSR Ltd (1989) 75 LGRA 1, Cripps J made a review for the treatment as follows. CSR Ltd was provided with a license in order to contaminate. Its license was restricted upon not spoiling whichever rather than acceptable as well as retaining assured values in way to make sure that the environment is been taken care off. In effect, it was so trusted that it would not pollute the water more than in the case the permission was been given. Environmental regulators have a range of enforcement weapons. These include Investigation notices of the environment, improvement notices of the environment as well as prohibition notices (Michael, 2007).

Under public order for contaminating water was obligated by, Abigroup Contractors Pty limited (2007) NSWLEC 712. This regulation was issued in relation to the incident that related to the pollution of water that was situated in The Wale of New South within Billinudgel Nature Reserve at Yelgun that had water that contained top soil, dirt, mud, sludge, sand as well as dead matters that had hanging solids. This incident occurred within Brunswick Heads heading to the northern part of New South Wales. It involved construction that had covered a region of just about 200 hectares of overflow pure in nature coffers. This community has been listed as an endangered society in the endangered Species Conversion Act 1995 (NSW) from the time in 2004 December. This was still in the position of environmental planning set of law No 14- Coastal West elands (SEPP No 14). This law aims in ensuring the protection and conservation of coastal wastelands within Wales of New South through majoring any chosen growth that involves clearance, tiring or else filling wetlands through the help of making levees going on in wetlands. In additional to this the environmental running agent are been selected for the project that need the preparation support. This prior arrangement was been permitted by means of the Manager Broad of the Section of Infrastructure, Scheduling as well as Natural Resources (Peter, 2004).

The state of Government Of Tasmania all the way through the Tasmania Parks as well as Wildlife air forces in additional to the Natural times gone by Protection Subdivision , a partition within the Department Of Tourism, drawings as well as Environmental been responsible in following a line of investigation in addition to administration of Macquarie as well as the surrounding. The Australian Government has the task of the managing the area according to Zone (EEZ) (Environmental Australia 2001). These protection is been symbolized into both the federal as well as state stages that include the Environmental Protection Conservation Act 1999(Cth), the Nature Conservation Act 2002 in additional to Reserves Management Act 2002.This management permits the tourists under strictly approaches conditions that allows visitors to experience the island’s natural values (Peter, 2004).

The Office of the Parliamentary Counsel in Australia outlines legislation for the Territory in the Northern region. Government together with private associates of the Legislative congregation of the Northern part Territory that include, Bills being introduced within the Legislative body which, when approved along with been agreed to turn into Acts in the Northern Territory. Secondly, subsidiary legislation that consists of the Administrator, panel of judges in addition to courts councils along with other legislative authorities that include set of laws, regulations of court, as well as by-laws. The other one is legislative body that makes the Administrator, Ministers as well as legal officeholders that entails appointments, speeches as well as notices (Michael, 2007).

 

 

 

 

Conclusion

 

Every State and Region in Australia has laws that tend to regulate wellbeing, safety in places of work as well as laws for environmental protection. The commonwealth in Australia has ratified laws these laws as stated in this paper that help to legalize health as well as security of commonwealth public sectors employees as well as separate laws for regulating health and safety in industries.

References

 

Michael T, (2007). Safety, Security, Health and Environmental law. Sydney: Australian Press

 

Peter R, (2004). Law regulation policy in Australia.Sydney: University of North South Wares Publishers.

 

Mayhem C, (1996). Effects of Subcontracting Health and Safety in Summary. Sydney: University of New South Research Centre.

Information on Australasian Legal Scholarship Library available from http: www.austlii.edu.au/legis Retrieve on September 2010-09-01.

 

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Name

Institution

 

 

Asta Beach Hotel Restaurants is a restaurant intended to sell quality food, offer good services in addition to hard-core selling. Like any other business, it requires to be planned in order to enhance effective performance and services. This layout is designed to help both staffs and customers to carry out their work performance in effective way. In preparing this layout, it should be borne in mind that, there are only one hundred and ninety seats in the restaurant. As part of preparing Asta Beach Hotel Restaurants,  a process of blocking tables and stations breakdown will be outlined in order to ensure suitable seating set up in addition, to coming up with a sequence of service, courses and the process that will be carried out when taking out food delivery services.

Dining area

            The dining area will consist of 150styled side chairs and 15 long tables. The chairs will be light to enable customers to move toward and away from the table. Each table will consist of twelve seats, which will be design in such a way that our customers will enjoy sitting along with eating together. We will allow 17 inches for every person seated from edge of table to back of chair. Additionally, an allowance of 13sq ft per person will be left for spacious chairs and tables within this area.

The dinning area will more inviting and warm so that our customers will find it appealing. This is the place where the customers will be seating as they wait to be served. We will ensure our customers are not seated too close with one another and still not seating far way from another. This imply that, by using Dinning room and seating layout, there will be enough room for everyone along with giving everyone enough room.

Dispatching counter

The food from the kitchen will be dispatched through a window counter. There will be one table, which will be used to serve our customers orders.

Cashier Counter

This is the place where the cashier will be seated in attending the bills of customers. There will be one sit for cashier in addition; the place will be equipped with Point of sales system, bill forms with other required materials for cashiering. An area for cashiers to store their personal items would be designed.

Dishwashing counter

This will be placed in the kitchen, separated by a blocking table. This area will have shelves for equipments, utensils along with ingredients required in cooking. One table for collecting the dirty utensils from our customers.

Food preparation era

            It will be located at the back of dining for faster and easier dispatching of orders. One table will be used to place the orders been requested by our clients. There will be a one-preparation table in addition; the area will have shelves for equipments, utensils along with ingredients required in cooking.

Service station

            This is the place that the preparations of services will be undertaken. The place will be equipped with cabinet and drawers for placing per set of equipment to be used in serving our food..

Sequence of courses and carrying stuff in the restaurant

Our restaurants will offer its services in excellence. All employees will be advised to serve on trays especially on Cutlery, glasses and plates. We will also ensure efficient package to customers carrying stuff from our restaurant.

 

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Strategic Plan for BG Medicine Company

Name

Institution

 

 

IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

 Objectives

• To become  a leader in developing, discovering and commercializing the diagnostic test
• Develop customer satisfaction with our products  
• Establish good relationship with business operators that include employees, stakeholders, management and service seekers.
• Extend service beyond Europe boundaries
•  Ensures that our clients receive treatment at the cross range
• To have various distributions channel globally, which as a result, will attract new clients from different regions
• Offer better services compared to the competitors.
• Restructuring effective sales and marketing to ensure widest coverage along with usage
• BG medicine to offer clinicians with advanced information when detecting and characterizing the disease states.

Functional tactics

First, review present ways of acquiring information on the external and internal analysis of BG medicine. This will be essential in understanding the organization together with its activities. Secondly, BG Company will generate competencies that provide the basis for sustainable competitive advantage. Thirdly, to continue using patients samples along with data generated from the existing and new collaborations in order to successfully advance and commercialize our products. Fourthly, collaborate with other laboratories service providers in order to ensure widespread access to our test approval. Fifthly, maintain primary commercial role for our biomarker test in order to drive clinical support as well drive market penetration for our products. Sixthly, ensures that, all medication is certified by the Europe medicine regulation body.

Action plans

In one-month period, we will train our employees on customer loyalty, which as a result, will convert our first customers to frequent and potential customers. Secondly, within a period of two months, we will evaluate potential regions to come up with effective distribution areas. In conjunction with this, we will research for the most viewed media channel in one-month, to ensure that our products are known by wide range of people. Additionally, this will restructure effective marketing. Thirdly, in two-month period, we will research what other competitors in the market offer to ensure that we offer better services that satisfy our customer needs. Fourthly, in five months period, we will inquire from experts regarding our test to ensure that we carry our laboratories in a professional way. Fifthly, we will research what other medical experts have done in the past on medical issues, which as a result, will enable us to know the requirements toward a successful test. Sixthly, within a period of two months, we will recruit clinicians’ experts who will assist in detecting and characterizing the disease states in both effective and professional way. Seventhly, for six moths period, will maintain primary commercial role for our biomarker test in order to drive clinical support as well drive market penetration for our products (Linda & Peter, 2006). 

Milestones and a deadline

It is with no doubt; various actions have been achieved. Among the mentioned plans in the paper, our employees have been trained. The training started in April 30, 2011, which ended on May 15, 2011. In conjunction with this, the company evaluated potential areas within Europe continental. Initially, the task started on February 20, 2011 and ended on May 10, 2011. In addition, the company has evaluated what other competitors are offering within two months period. This started on January 20, 2011 and ended on March 10, 2011. As a result, this ahs enables us to offer better services that satisfy our customer needs thus having a guarantee for satisfying our customer needs who earlier preferred buying products from our competitors. Moreover, the company has established some clinical experts that would assist the company to achieve goals. The searching took two months period that initially started on January 10, 2011 and ended on March 10, 2011. With this in mind, the company has identified itself with experts who as a result, have helped the company to know what is required for them in making an effective laboratory test (Pearce & Robinson, 2011).

Tasks and task ownership

In reality, for tasks to be done on time, there will be a need for delegating duties and responsibilities to various individuals. These individuals include medical analyst, Database administration, software engineer and managers. Each individual will own various tasks in implementing the project. In essence, the manager task would be to manage and report the overall progress, managing teams’ performance, providing the overall company direction, designing project control mechanism and making sure that the project is delivered on the planned budget and timing.

Medical analyst will ensure progress in our laboratories tests, analyzing the current systems required by clients, developing the system specification along with preparing the user manual for clients. Additionally, Database administration will take care of database implementation along with design required when carrying on the project. In conjunction with this, software engineer will assist in any technology issue that may emerge in the future.

Resource allocation

The overall budget for BG Company will be $ 1 Million that will be delegated in various resources. With this regard, $ 250, 000 will be used in marketing programs, $250,000 on laboratory test, $ 300, 000 on new market entries and $ 200, 000 in paying people that will be working towards the progress of the company (BG Medicine, 2011).

 

References

 BG Medicine. (2011). Company: About BGM:

            <;

Linda, S., Walter, D., & Peter, G. (2006).  Strategic management of healthcare organizations.       USA: Wiley-Blackwell.

Pearce, J. A., & Robinson, R. B. (2011). Strategic management: Formulation, implementation,      and control (12th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

 

 

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Requesting Admission

Name

Institution

 

In essence, I would highlight my strengths as honesty, ambitious, diligent and focused. With no doubt; these strengths have inspired me to do better academically while being at South Louisiana Community college. In facts, those who know me, outline me as a good actor, inspiring to others and perennially passionate in drawing. With no doubt; these skills have given me a number of awards while being at South Louisiana Community College. For the past few semesters, I was awarded awards as being the best actor and artist. Occasionally, I have attained various awards through inspiring others thus, being categorized as the best motivator speaker. With this in mind, I have evaluated my talents in various areas such as:

• Drawing
• Motivating
• Counseling
• Acting

Work experience

Job Title	Dates	Responsibilities
Primary teacher	2009-2011	Mathematics teacher
HIV Counselor	2007-2009	Counseling HIV victims
Freelance writer	2005-2007	Academic writer

 

            In reality, the reason why I should be accepted into Lafayette Louisiana University is because, I major in biology. In facts, I took all classes I needed at the South Louisiana Community College and having a strong will to succeed academically, I believe being accepted in Lafayette Louisiana University will create an opportunity for me to achieve more. Being ambitious, diligent and focused has inspired me to do better academically while being at South Louisiana Community college to the extent; my performance has improved for the past few semesters. In facts, my GPA for spring 11 was 3.400 and my cumulative GPA was 2.983. I also graduated with the certificate of general studies.

My strength in school is math and history. Comprehending with two subjects is interesting, which I believe would do better if I major on the two subjects in Lafayette Louisiana University. But, what fun would it be if I go for something that is easier to achieve. I would improve my weakness thus, enhancing a feeling of accomplishment in college.

My weakness is biology, which for the past years has not performed well. Having evaluated my last performance; I outline inadequate preparation as the major cause for my poor performance. The only way to overcome this is by studying and trying to comprehend, and that is what I am planning to do if I can get this opportunity. Having such an experience, I have learnt the importance of being adequate prepared for better performance. With this in mind, I believe hard-work, being ambitious and focused will promote success at UL Lafayette. In conjunction with this, I believe reading actively in academic would enhance good performance. Active reading entails doing more than just reading, which in fact,  involve highlighting and summarizing the key materials to understand the major concept.

In reality, there is a strong urge of joining Lafayette Louisiana University to improve my academic performance. I have a strong belief that, being in Lafayette Louisiana University will equip me with knowledge that I require to face various challenges that I have encountered in the past. I believe there will be a conducive-learning environment that will improve my weakness so that I can become better daily.  With due reverence, will be grateful to join Lafayette Louisiana University to be able to achieve my academic dreams as stated in this paper.  I hope to have an urgent response.    

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