THE BODY SHOP MARKETING PLAN ANALYSIS

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19^th, December, 2012

Effectiveness of the Current CRM of the Body Shop

Customer Relations Management involves the strategies used by a company to obtain customers and develop long-term relationships with them.

Current CRM Strategy

The body shop considers customer relations as one of the most crucial aspect in its operations. This is because the management has realized the long-term benefits of customer retention as well as customer commitment. The current body shop CRM aims at developing and managing the relationships between the company and the customers and other stakeholders. The strategies entail use of mechanisms such as technology in organizing and coordinating business processes particularly those involved in marketing of the products. The aim of the Body Shop CRM is to attract new customers, retain the existing customers, and entice customers who have ever used their products to start using them again. Moreover, the Body Shop hopes to make use of CRM in reducing its operational cost by decreasing the need for excessive use of other marketing strategies (Berndt & Brink, 2004).

The company has realized that the loyalty of customers is critical for the success of their business. However, the company needs to dedicate their business to meeting the company’s financial needs and the needs of the customers. Moreover, The Body Shop continues to protect the environment to ensure that the needs of the current society are met without compromising on the needs of the future generations. Other strategies that The Body Shop uses to acquire and retain customer include taking corporate social responsibility through its stand against animal testing, supporting community trading, defending human rights, and protecting the environment.

The Body Shop follows three phases in implementing the CRM. The first phase entails acquisition of the customers. The Body Shop acquires new customers through use of strategies such as contact management, web-based CRM, selling of quality products, and fulfillment. The second phase entails enhancement. The Body Shop makes use of strategies such as web-enabled CRM and other customer service tools to enhance the quality of services. The company has hired sales representative and specialists in different specialties to enable them identify and meet the need of the current customers. Moreover, the company uses social networks such as Facebook to offer consultant services on their products (Berndt & Brink, 2004).

The third phase entails retaining the existing customer. The Body Shop has CRM software and other databases that enable it to recognize and reward those customers who have remained loyal for a long period by giving those offers and discounts. The Love Your Body Rewards is one of the groups through which The Body Shop identifies and rewards loyal customers. Moreover, thee databases enable The Body Shop improve its target market as well as develop appropriate marketing initiatives (Berndt, & Brink, 2004).

Ineffectiveness of Current CRM

The Body Shop CRM is not working appropriately. Although the websites attract several users who eventually start buying from The Body Shop, The Company has not been making adequate profits especially in the recent past. This is due to excessive use of activities meant to enhance corporate social responsibility and excessive use of offers and discounts. Moreover, the websites lack important information that cosmetic customers seek for while deciding whether to buy a product.

New CRM Objectives

The current CRM requires improvement and alterations in some areas. One of the objectives should aim at improving the rewarding systems. The time sensitive offers by The Body Shop creates a notion that the company is manipulating its customers. Another objective should be improving on the time scale for the offers since the current period for the offers is at times too short. Moreover, the discounts are at times too high, and should be decreased to avoid the customers’ doubt the quality of the products. Another objective should focus on changing the communication strategies to increase the sales. Although The Body Shop has been using emails to inform their customers of their existing products, the descriptions given are too shallow. Moreover, their website lacks in-depth descriptions of products. Most cosmetic companies use their websites to teach different aspects on how the body functions, which has attracted customers. The several offer messages sent to the customers through the phones create a sense of desperation on the side of the company.

How the objectives will be achieved

The new of the company should focus on creating the idea of the unique effectiveness of their products. Moreover, the company should increase the use of media through advertisements. By enhanced use of emails, the company will be able to connect appropriately with the customers, identify their needs, and manufacture products that meet their needs. Using emails and websites to educate the customers will make them informed of the different products and increase their willingness to buy. The company can reorganize their offer schedules and make offers during certain periods such as festive seasons. (Lindgreen, 2004; Sumit & Chaudhuri, 2005).

Supporting the New CRM Strategy Using the 4Ps of Marketing Mix

The new CRM can be supported by the four Ps, which include Product, Promotion, Place, and Price. By using websites to demonstrate the effectiveness of their products, the Body Shop will be able to convince customers that the price of the products is worth. This is more so in India where people view the products as too expensive (Berndt & Brink, 2204).

Product: The Body Shop should ensure that the quality of their product is retained. Moreover, the company should avoid overusing offers and discounts to market its products. This is because this strategy is creating a bad image of the company.

People: The Company should thus focus on educating the customers about the products. This could be through use of their online consultants who can post materials related to the company’s products using simpler language (Lau & Seetner, 2011; Lindgreen, 2004).

Place: The company can use google map to enable customers locate places where their shops are located.

Promotions: Moreover, promotions should be used moderately especially in areas with much competition. The promotions should be strategic and aim at demonstrating the uniqueness of The Body Shop’s products as compared to those from competitors (Mennen, 2011).

The Body Shop Marketing Plan

Business objectives can be defined as the stated and measurable goals that a company comes up to enable it achieve its aims. The business objectives depict the future of any company. Moreover, the objective should be measurable, specific, time specific, realistic and agreed upon by the major stakeholders in a company. The business objective of any company can be considered as its statement of purpose (Epstein & Yuthas, 2009).

Current Market, Customer, and Industry Trend

The objectives of The Body Shop are mainly asked on the conviction that the success of a business is determined by how a company treats the environment and people, especially the less fortunate (Sumit & Chaudhuri, 2005; Marsh, 2001). Currently, the marketing strategy focuses on the products as being natural and earthly. The major customers are women since most of the products serve the needs of women. However, there are some products meant for men. The cosmetic industry is becoming more diverse and competitive due to the increasing number of cosmetic shops in the market. Moreover, the number of men using cosmetics has increased. Most cosmetic companies are focusing more on retaining their customers as opposed to creating new ones (Marsh, 2001). One of the major objectives of The Body Shop is to involve itself in activities aimed at bringing change to the environment and the social lives of the society. This objective targets the society. Moreover, it will enable The Body Shop gain an image of a caring company. Current marketing objectives have not been very successful.

New Market Objectives

The new Objectives should focus on the 4Ps of the marketing mix. The company’s objective should be to meet the 4Ps in a way that attracts the groups targeted by its products. The company should consider if their products meets the needs of the target group. The company should focus on attracting young customers and retaining them. Therefore, the marketing strategies should be more youth-oriented. This is because the company is making plans to expand its market in addition to increasing the profitability of its business operations. The main objective here should be ensuring that the products manufacture reflect the needs of the consumers. The other objective should focus on the price. If product manufactured is of good quality, it will be easy for the company to fix competitive prices. The company should consider fixing the price depending on location of the store. Moreover, the company should identify the amount of money the target group is willing to pay and beware of the competitor’s price (Lindgreen, 2004; Berndt & Brink, 2204). The overuse of promotions has created a negative notion about the quality of The Body Shops product. Therefore, the company should consider marketing strategies that attract the target group, which are the Youths. The promotion should thus include activities such as sponsoring beauty shows and sporting activities. Social Network is another marketing strategy that should be used to attract young people. Moreover, their websites should be more detailed to orient the customers to different products. Additionally, advertisements using bill boards television and magazines should be enhances (Lau & Seetner, 2011).

In the franchised shops, the company should enhance selective distribution. Different people from different regions prefer varying products. Therefore, the company should identify the varying needs of the customers in different localities. Moreover, the company should carry out a study to find out the distribution of their customers and locate their distributors appropriately (Berndt & Brink, 2204). Hence, the company requires improving on the strategies of making offers to avoid it appearing too desperate. The offers should be reasonable and should last for longer periods to ensure the customers enjoy them. Currently, the offers are short lived and most customers complain that such offers are unreasonable (Lau & Seetner, 2011).

A Marketing Budget to Achieve the New Objectives

To achieve the new objectives, The Body Shop should consider altering its budget. The company should spend about 4% of its gross income on the development and maintenance of the IT including the websites, telecommunication, and databases. The databases should be used to collect customer’s feedback. The company should consider reducing its spending on offers and environment renovation programs. Though corporate social responsibility is an appropriate tool for Marketing, The Body Shop has been overspending on its projects aimed at improving the environment. The company should thus spend about 3% of the gross revenue. Moreover, some of the projects that are ineffective should be disregarded. The promotions should be more logical. For example, the company can use a strategy such donating about 1%, for every purchase made at a certain price to the charity and environmental organizations. This will enable the company make profits and conduct community projects (Cathy & Caryn, 1999). This is because customers will be willing to buy when they realize that their purchase contributes to donations. This campaign should cost the company about 2% of the gross revenue. Other forms of marketing should include billboard advertisements, advertisements through the magazines, social networks, television and sponsoring of activities should take about 3% of gross revenue. Therefore, the company should focus on marketing strategies that benefit both the company and the stakeholders (Pahlavanzadeh, 2011). During the sponsorship activities such as sports, the company should use banners. The company should also consider organizing conferences to create awareness on the environment, a method that should not take more than 1% off gross income. Moreover, their website should include educative articles on the environment. This will reduce the cost use in environmental issues. The total revenue use in marketing should not exceed 10% of the gross revenue (Berndt & Brink, 2004; Epstein & Yuthas, 2009).

Evaluating the Perfomance of New Marketing Objectives

After implementing a marketing strategy, it is important to measure its effectiveness and make changes where necessary. The monitoring and evaluation should entail analyzing the sales and comparing the changes in sales with the marketing cost. The effectiveness of the new marketing strategy can be assessed using various strategies. One strategy should be through measuring determination of change in sales following implementation of the different marketing strategies. Measurement should entail comparison of the performance with the different marketing strategies. Moreover, the management should collect data and analyzing it. Analysis of the performance can also be done through numerical counting and reporting. This can be through determining the number of people visiting the company websites and the different stores. Moreover, the performance can be measured through comparing data on the number of people visiting the store and the sales made on daily basis. To assess the online sales, the company can install software to analyze data through comparison of the number of visit and the number of online purchases. Moreover, the company can carry out online surveys to find out the number of customers who are triggered to make purchases by the different company’s marketing strategies (Epstein & Yuthas, 2009).

Conclusion

Customer Relations Management entails the strategies used by a company to obtain customers and develop long-term relationships with them. Currently, The Body Shop Mainly depends on offers to attract and retain customers. However, overuse of offers has created a negative attitude about this company. The new marketing objectives should focus on other strategies of attracting customers without appearing desperate. Such strategies include positioning of their franchises, advertisements, and customer education. The company can continue giving offers but they should be logical and reasonable. This will make the customer realize that the products are of quality and worth the price. The Body Shop marketing budget should be considerate to ensure the company does not continue reducing its profits. Moreover, focusing on creating environmental awareness using online techniques such as websites will enable The Body Shop spend fewer funds in conducting corporate social responsibility and increase profits.

Works Cited

Assenmacher, K 2012, The Body shop – An Analysis of the Company ́s Actions towards Sustainability, GRIN Verlag, London.

Berndit, A & Brink, A 2004, Customer Relationship Management and Customer Service, Juta and Company Ltd, New Jersey.

Berndt, A. & Brink, A 2004, Customer Relationship Management and Customer Service, Juta and Company, London.

Cathy, L. H. & Caryn, L. B. 1999, Marketing strategies and the search for virtue: A case analysis of the body shop, international, Journal of Business Ethics, 20(3), 249-263. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/198112887?accountid=45049

Epstein, M. & Yuthas, K 2009, Evaluating the Effectiveness of Internet Marketing Initiatives, Management Accounting Guideline, pp. 1-40.

Kossowski, A 2007, Strategic Management: Porter’s Model of Generic Competitive Strategies – Theory and Analysis, GRIN Verlag, London.

Lau, C. & Seetner, E 2011, The Body Shop, Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/ChesterLau/the-body-shop-marketing-campaign
[Accessed 19 Dec 2012].

Lindgreen, A 2004, The design, implementation and monitoring of a CRM programme: A case study, Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 22(2), 160-186. Available at http://search.proquest.com/docview/213130431?accountid=45049

Marsh, H. 2001, Has the Body Shop lost its direction for good? Haymarket Business Publications Ltd, London, United Kingdom, London.

Mennen, M 2011, The Body Shop: Strategic Business Management, GRIN Verlag

Pahlavanzadeh, S 2011, ‘A Critical Analysis of Customer Relationship Management from

Strategic Perspective’, IPEDR vol.3, no. 1, retrieved 19 December 2012 <http://www.ipedr.com/vol3/69-M10082.pdf>

Sumit, S. & Chaudhuri, K 2005, The Body Shop: The Ethical Beauty Retailer’s Growth Strategies, Case Development Centre, Available at,  Online: Available at http://www.ibscdc.org/Case_Studies/Corporate%20Social%20Responsibility/CSR0015.htm.

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Institution

 

At the beginning of Genesis 4, we read a story of Cain who murdered his brother Abel. Abel was worth keeping sheep while Cain was a tiller of the ground. In the process of time, Cain brought an offering of his fruits and Abel brought the first born of his fat flock. The lord respected Abel offering in that he chose what was desirable in God’s sight. This made Cain to be very angry; to the extent, he raised up against Abel his brother and killed him (Walton & Hill, 2010).  When the Lord asked him where the brother was, he said, “Am I my brother’s keeper?” This question is significant on the theme of movement from relationship, which are purely natural to relationships that are truly moral.

By asking this question to God, Cain acknowledges the higher moral authority to which every man must answer his deeds. This implies that, God intends every human being to have a purely natural relationship towards others. It clearly describes a personal responsibility we owe to each other that has been placed upon us by our Maker. There is a duty of responding to others stemming while not from our sameness to others but from our differences. Therefore, Cain not acting as his brother’s keeper is in rebellion against God. This offers the reader a clear meditation on relationship ethics.

This is also a fundamental theme in Genesis 3 on man’s wickedness on earth. When God asked Eve, “What is it you have done” (vs. 13), She replied,” the serpent” When God asked Adam, he said Eve have him the tree and ate it. This summarizes how human beings fail to take responsibility for their actions. This implies that, every human being has the power of making choices, which truly assist in leaving meaningful lives and affecting others. For instance, the choice made by Eve, influences Adam to do the same. Therefore, it entails that Eve is not acting like her husband keeper. The essence of pure relationship is required for all human beings in addition; the love of God is viewed as natural.

Joseph saga of treating their brothers well despite of what they had done to him is the resolution of this question in that he had sympathy for his brothers despite of their own transgressions. His services towards his brother were great; to the point, he provided for his brothers with their little ones in addition, comforted them and spoke to them kindly. (Genesis 50: 21 , NIV). This resolution is the foundation in the next stage of civilizing process encountered in Exodus in that, when Joseph and his brothers died, their children were fruitful and increased abundantly( Exodus 1: 7, KJV). The action that Joseph took of been his brother’s keepers, influenced his generation positively.

 

God’s power over humankind and nature

            In the book of Exodus, God’s nature is revealed powerfully. When he approached Moses to be the leader of his people, he assured Moses to be with him at all times. This shows his compassionate towards all he has created. Additionally, God confesses to Moses that he has seen the oppression of his people in Egypt together with their cry of oppressions. His mission to set Moses apart was to deliver his people due to love and compassion he has towards humanity.

When pharaoh refuses to set free God’s people, he uses his power to bring plagues and chaos to the land of Egypt. When the children of Israel were thirsty, he told Moses to strike a rock and used his power to provide water for them from the rock. In addition, when the children of Israel worshipped idol gods, God wrath was upon him, punishing them for not believing in his word. In this aspect, he prevailed over the force of evil. Throughout Exodus, God has been revealed as indeed powerful in all his deeds.

Nature of leadership as embodied in Moses

            Moses was a leader that ruled in democratic leadership style. He informed children of Israel on matters that affected with an aim of providing direction of showing them the right path to go through. When God said it time to move, it was his responsibility to lead God’s people through the red sea of life. In time of Passover, he pronounced the plagues one by one to Egypt in addition, set the children of Israel free to be obedient in leaving, to a strange land since it was right before God. His obedience towards God made him to forsake Egypt to the Promised Land even in the place of opposition. He led in patience in spite of the challenges he experienced in his ruling. A time, the children of Israel murmured on him but he was focused in loving them.

Idolatry

The children of Israel requested Aaron to make them gods that would go before them in replacing Moses who had delayed coming down from the mountain (Exodus: 32:1). According to this interpretation, they preferred been led by god they see compared to the invisible God that was represented by Moses. This development may have been facilitated by the fact that, calves were mostly used as gods.  Later, God tells Moses that Israel had started worshiping idol gods. In this sense, God suggested that, they had turned from worshiping true God to worshiping molded calves.

 

Laws

Laws recorded in Exodus, Leviticus, and Deuteronomy together represent obedience in a world and every thing pertaining life.

The nature of wealth

Every individual was suppose to share his possessions with poor and the less in the society

Food

Food was permitted to come from animals that divided hoof, having cloven hooves and chewing cad. Fresh fruits were also permitted.

Worship & Religious rituals

Women were never allowed to worship God during their menstruation periods. They were regarded unclean during that period. Every person was to offer sacrifices to the maker. In addition, keeping the Sabbath day was viewed as worship.

Sexuality

Adultery was prohibited in addition; one was to take care of his family fully.

The purpose of these laws

According to Walton and Hill (2010), these laws were to guide people in life.

 

 

 

References

Walton, J.H., & Hill, A. E. (2010). A Survey of the Old Testament. New York: Zondervan

 

 

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The Appeasement Was the Wrong Choice for British Foreign Policy from 1935 To 1939

Introduction

The repercussions of the First World War were too harsh that most countries hoped never to get involved in a conflict that would result in similar results. Therefore, countries like Britain adopted a policy referred to as appeasement. Appeasement was a diplomatic policy adopted by British and some other European democracies after World War II to ignore any form of aggression with the aim of preventing war. It entailed resolving conflicts through negotiation and compromise to prevent armed conflict. The appeasement policy, which was applied in 1930s by various European countries resulted in fake peace, and eventually made war inevitable. They were trying to prevent war with Germany and Italy, which were demonstrating severe aggression. British greatly applied the appeasement policy hoping to avoid war with Germany and Italy. The British Prime minister Neville Chamberlain avoided any conflict that would result in war between Britain and Germany from 1937 to 1939. This paper focuses on the reasons why appeasement the wrong choice for British foreign policy from 1935 to 1939.

There are many reasons why the appeasement policy was a wrong decision by the British. Although Chamberlain of British hoped to prevent occurrence of another war through adoption of the policy of appeasement, Adolf Hitler of Germany and Benito Mussolini of Italy continued being aggressive. Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini of Italy and Germany were quite aggressive and took advantage of the British appeasement policy to develop themselves. They considered Britain a coward. Therefore, Germany occupied Rhineland while Italy invaded Abyssinia since they knew that the other European powers would not respond. Consequently, Britain adoption of the policy of appeasement allowed European aggressors to plan and perpetuate actions of defiance (Adams 133-139).

At the start of the appeasement policy, Britain signed an agreement with Germany, allowing Hitler to increase his navy. This move was inappropriate since Germany eventually violated the Treaty of Versailles when he invaded Rhineland. The violation was possible since Hitler took advantage of France and Britain appeasement policy. Moreover, Italy and Germany continued to arm themselves and conquer other regions. Additionally, the Munich conference of 1938 gave the aggressors more power to attack other countries since France and Britain continued to prefer use of negotiations, which favored Germany and Italy. Moreover, the aggressor continued to dominate the world, which eventually led to Second World War (Adams 45-49).

The appeasement policy adopted by British was not appropriate since it was satisfying the aggressors. Although Britain believed that negotiations would prevent war, the Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy had their own aspirations, which they wanted to fulfill. In 1935, Italy invaded Ethiopia and Britain did not respond. In 1938, Germany captivated Austria. Even when Adolf Hitler wanted to annex Czechoslovakia, Chamberlain of Britain sought to negotiate resulting in signing of the notorious Munich Agreement. Therefore, the appeasement policy encouraged aggression (Adams 11-117).

Conclusion

The appeasement policy adopted by Britain was inappropriate and made war inevitable. From 1935 to 1939, Germany and Italy perpetrated acts of aggression since they considered Britain a coward. Attempts of British to use negotiations were not fruitful and only enabled Adolf and Mussolini to continue with their dictatorial actions. Actions such as Hitler’s attempt to absorb Czechoslovak into Germany and invasion of Ethiopia by Italy were encouraged by the appeasement policy. This is because the aggressors perpetrated their actions without any serious justification and face no repercussion. Although the appeasement policy aimed at preventing war, it made war inevitable.

 

Works Cited

Adams, Ralph. How was appeasement the wrong choice for British foreign policy from 1935 to 1939? New York: Stanford University Press, 1993. Print.

 

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Sophocles writes the Antigone play in expressing his view points regarding several issues that include Fate. The play reveals that, Sophocles had a belief that, all people are control by the action they take. Throughout the play, the actions which Antigone takes unmistakably identify the belief of Sophocles that people are controlled by the choices they make. She contributed to her ultimate death. The first mistake she did was violating Creon’s rule through burying Polyneices. She made the choice although she knew the penalty for burying Polyneices. Her stubbornness led to her death. She shows her naivety by viewing that, Creon is not strong to stand in her way. This is unrealistic, because Creon is the leader of Thebes who has a vast influence and supremacy in leadership. Antigone belief of underestimating Creon put her in danger.

Because of Creon supremacy, infringing his law was enough to get Antigone killed. Antigone refused to be subjected to the law despite the fact, the fatal was the king. Her virtues made her choose actions that later had negative outcome of loosing her life. She had purposed to honor the sacred laws instead of common laws. In her understanding, if the conflict occurred, the sacred laws override the man-made laws. The prohibition of Creon’s law of burial is not viewed by Antigone as a legitimate law given that; it contradicts the holy tradition and her goal to defend the sacred laws. Her duty to defend sacred laws, reinforced the virtue of strive in religious ideals. On the Contrary, Creon’s virtue are based on adheres to the man made rules along with traditional of the society. Creon saw Antigone as a threat in the society stability and the order of his law.  Therefore, her virtues could not be accommodated by Creon which led to the tragic event of her death (Johnston et al2007),

According to, Johnston (2007), in the ancient Greek, life had complicated questions that expanded the knowledge on the field of science. Freedom of religion was exercised within the states and man emphasized the concern of honoring the Gods. As a result, many surfaced new ideas and beliefs. Though the intentions were good, they often created conflicts and moral dilemmas. Such is the case in play Antigone. In the play, Creon and Antigone encountered a philosophical war that concerns their ideas on what they belief to be right. The conflict arose when their ideas on burying Polyneices differed, thus created a contradiction in their beliefs. Antigone felt Creon was ignoring the sacred laws through ordering it unlawful for anyone who was provided burying Polyneices. She views that, if an individual is not given a proper burial, he will not be accepted in heaven. Because of her religious aspect, her brother being accepted by the Gods was an important aspect. The orders of Creon were impractical to Antigone.

An important custom in Ancient Greek was a belief that the government was to have no power in matters of religious beliefs. In Antigone opinion, Creon betray ideal of not permitting her to bury her brother. She viewed burial as a religious ceremony and Creon had no power to deny Polyneises those rights. Her beliefs eventually led to her death. Within Ancient Greece, there was a belief that good men are from God. An example is Creon who never wanted to give respect to the man who attempted to attack his city. He denied Polyneices burial in order to show honor for Thebes’s community. The reasoning of Creon coincides with Greek ideal, apart from there are differences in his actions. For instance, he exercised domination of political authority, defies the ideal through holding Antigone as his prisoner instead of the public. Even though the people from Thebes supported Antigen, there were scared to talk about it. Creon action of trying to protect the integrity of the city is identified in ancient Greek. Through protecting his integrity, he was convinced to set Antigone free after weighing the facts. Nevertheless, it was too late for the disagreements of their ideals were the cause for Antigone’s, Megareus and Haemons death.

The role of men in ancient Greece had power, honor and prestige. Men were given most of the responsibilities and were considered to be important people. Men were the individuals who held supremacy in the city and their behavior were praised and celebrated in the society. Antigone plays display the reactions and relationship that was between women and men portraying their differences. In factual, Antigone opinion was not regarded worth by Creon. In the play, Creon plays the role of a leader. He continuously comments how women are weak. At discovering Antigone had exercised the burial rights he sentenced Antigone to death. He limited her to exercise her opinion on what seemed significant. Antigone plays a major role in her family. She stands to what she believes is right even though opposed by Creon. To my opinion she seem to be the older sister in that, when she was sentenced to death, her sister Ismene claimed, “My older sister, how can I live without her here” They had a strong relationship.

The author of Antigone play has had a regard on several issues that include Fate. The play reveals how people believe and some of the actions take thereafter. The play is worth reading.

 

 

References

Johnston, Ian C, Sophocles. (2007). Oedipus the King. New York. Richer ResourcesPublications.

 

 

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Why some people so rich and others are  so poor in Egypt.

The analysis of Egypt crisis has slowed the economic growth early this year in Egypt. As a result of the country instability, the Tourists have fled the country resulting to problems in foreign investments. In addition, many companies have been closed and the government has been forced to be in debt in maintaining its economic growth. There has been a concern of Egypt dollar dropping by 5.75% thus, the country having financial problems. This was because of the combination of high deficit along with capital flows. All these problems have resulted to economic inequality. On 30^th January 2011, they were worries about the Egypt being unable to pay of its debts. Most of the price of food increased leading to many spending a lot of money. In other words, while the price for food increases, the poor will continue being poor due to the fact they would be unable to progress in life. The manipulation of prices has affected the number of countries.

In the early 2008, the economist magazine noted that, the consumer price index was at a highest peak since 1846. The wheat prices that increased last year had affected the prices of other commodities (Blaskey 1). Blaskey has argued that, the reason behind price increase is on the crisis. The cost increase has affected the consumers to be erupted on a daily basis. Although it is true the food crisis is rooted in financial speculation, the government has failed to institute a strong mechanism to slow the prices. This has resulted to a large gap between the poor and the rich. The poor have become poorer as they spend a lot of money in buying food which is a basic commodity.

In Egypt, the low income people have experienced difficulties in making the ends meet. Studies have shown that, 40 % of Egypt population survives with less than a $2 in a day.  On the other hand, the unemployment rate has increased by 10%. This implies that, when food price is raised, individuals’ have encountered difficulties thus pushing them into unsuitable situation (Andy 1). On Contrary, Andy argues that, the people earning high wages tend to have secure jobs which enable them to bargain their wages up with inflations thus coping with high prices of commodities. The concern of unemployment rate increasing in Egypt has caused many people to live below poverty. Due to wealth and income inequality, the poor have become poorer and the rich maintaining their position. There has been concern that a loaf of bread has been so expensive that bakers bakes two different breads, for the poor and for the rich. According to Joyce, two reasons for the change were due to increase in poverty and unemployment (Joyce 1). She argues that, many Egyptians people have remained employed. From her argument, instead of the poor having their type of bread being baked, the solution is employment. As many become jobless, they may not be able to buy the cheaper bread. In addition, she pointed that, there are people who live a life that is really poor and cannot access the basic needs. On the other hand, there are rich people who have the access of internet access, basic needs and enjoy their lives. This is deeply connected to unemployment.

For the past years, steel has been very expensive in Egypt and only the rich can sell the commodity.  The government has kept the price high through mandated monopolies. Its essential price has only benefited the rich who can afford to buy and later sell it. The poor have been unable to raise money due to its cost.  Andy argues that, when such monopolies are done away with, all individuals despite of their economic set up will be able to save money thus cope with inflation better (Andy 1).                              Wood is scarce in Egypt. There are no forests thus wood is not used in house building. The poor uses one row of bricks and the average people use two or four rows. Although the poor can only afford mud brick houses, they are not durable and crumbles. The rich are the only one who affords to build their homes from stone and most of their houses have different rooms along with having indoor toilets and bathrooms. Sewage is usually disposed and thrown to the river or streets. This unfortunately for the poor who uses water from the river while the rich have their own private fresh drinking water and. The poor end up spending a lot of money in treatment due to waterborne diseases although; many may not have enough money to go for the treatment.

Corruption has been a major concern in Egypt government. The government has used its position to gather wealth from its citizens for themselves. The leaders of the country have used the wealth of the country to enrich themselves, their friends and their families. For instance, early this year, the president of the country Hosni Mubarak appointed his wealthy businessman to his political post so as to enrich himself and his family. Apparently, the wealth business men in Mubarak cabinet benefited but with no benefit to ordinary people. Ordinary Egyptians are forced to live in poverty to make ends meet. Like any country, many individuals have seen the need of having a democratic government that will look for ways to empower the poor financially (Olivier 1).

The government has indulged into practices that have enriched their top officials, often under condition of favoritism towards certain connection. Business people, who know the politician, tend to benefit while the ordinary people suffers for lack of connection. For instance, some people though qualified, they are forced to work extra hard and others without jobs.  Others with connection have gotten stable jobs although unqualified.

The rich have benefited from the great deal of oil in the international market. Trading of oil is expensive, only the rich have been able to invest. The innovation of gas deposits for the past years has projected into fast track lane for liquefied natural gas (LNG) thus making the rich benefit. In 2008, special economic zone was created for foreign countries to invest in the country (Heard, 1). According to Heard, this has increased foreign investment gradually for about $13 billion. These benefited a small number of Egyptians who had invested in oil. Finally, the population of Egypt has increased 2.5 times than it was in 1970. However, there is no land that has been cultivated for food for almost thirty years leading to problems in feeding its people. The struggling people have continued to be poor while the rich have enjoyed their possession.

 

Work Cited

Alasmi Nada. Mid East conflict felt at UTD. The mercury News, 28^th February, 2011. Web. 1^st March, 2011

Andy Xie. Hot Money, fast riots and the Fed caixin. Hot Money, fast riots, 28^th Feb 2011. Web. 1^st March 2011

Blaskey Sarah. Mubarak forced out. Egypt’s fate unsure. The clarion, 23^rd Feb, 2011. Web. 1^st March 2011

Heard Linda. Egypt should help oust Qaddafi. http://arabnews.com/opinion/columns/article291047.ece Web. 1st March , 2011

Joyce Chediac. Imperialist exploitation at the heart of every grievance raised at Tahrir Square. Workers World, 28 Feb 2011. Web. 1^st March, 2011

Olivier Bert. Poverty, corruption pushes Egyptians to braking point. http://www.thoughtleader.co.za/bertolivier/2011/01/31/egypt-a-revolution-that-was-just-waiting-to-happen/. Web. 1^st March, 2011

 

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Technological Innovation and Globalization

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Institution

            In facts, international trade in most countries plays a significant share in the gross domestic product. It is defined as the exchange of goods and services across international borders. It is a well-documented fact; international trade enables countries to expand their market for both goods and services which otherwise may have not been accessible. It is for that reason; an individual may have options between the German, Japanese and American car. It is with no doubt, international trade has a number of benefits in that; almost every kind of goods are found in the international market for instance, clothes, food, oil, jewelry, water and wine among others. With this regard, it is vital to note that, international trade has various effects for countries along with traders. With this in mind, this paper seeks to analyze international trade in the context of its effects, theories that support the trade in addition, the reasons as to why global trading agreements are developed.

Effects of international trade

            According to Hobson (1904), international trade enables wealthy countries to use their resources more efficiently. Some of these resources include technology, labor or otherwise capital. This is achieved because; countries are endowed with different natural resources and assets. In this regard, some countries may generate goods more efficiently thus, selling more cheaply than other countries. For instance, a country producing cotton sweaters may end up selling sweaters at a cheaper price especially to its citizens in that, the goods are easily available. With this regard, international trade enables countries to trade with other countries thus, making a country to resources more efficiently. In conjunction with this, international trade opens opportunities for specialization in that, countries obtain item more easily by trading with other countries. This implies that, if for instance a country cannot produce an item, it can access it by trading with another country.

In essence, international trade enables countries to participate in the global economy by encouraging opportunities for foreign direct investment. Grimwade (1989) argue that, international trade opens opportunities for individuals to invest in other foreign companies together with assets. As a result, it enables a country to grow more efficiently and easily. Additionally, foreign direct investment is fundamental in that; it is a mean through which foreign currency along with expertise enters the country thus;  raising employment level.

On the contrary, to some extent, international trade encourage dependence in that, a country may so much depend on the other country and if calamities affect the country being depended it may cause starve in the country. Manaschi (1998) raises a contentious issue regarding this issue that, it is essential for the country to trade with many countries contrary to depending on one country.

Why nations trade

            Having discussed the effects of international trade; various theories have emerged in response to why nations trade. In this context, comparative advantage theory outline why it vital for two countries to trade by evaluating that, despite the country been more  efficient in production it can absolutely gain in trading with less-efficient countries. Quintessentially, comparative advantage was initially described by Robert Torrens in 1815 within an easy on Corn Laws. In the theory, he outlined the importance of nation’s trade by giving an example of, England’s advantage trading with Portugal for grain despite the possibility of producing the grain more cheaply within England than Portugal. The conclusion drawn from comparative advantage theory concept is that, each country gain through specializing goods, which in as a result, acts as a comparative advantage for trading goods with other countries. According to Brown (1914), Robert Torrens outlined a significant aspect of how nation’s trade enables countries to gain from the other through specializing their goods and services. It is a well-documented fact; competitive advantage theory outline that, nation trade occur because; countries have different capital, human and resources, which benefit the less efficient countries.

Why regional or global trading agreements are developed

            Global trading agreements have been known to play fundamental roles in international trade. Intrinsically, global or regional trading agreement is a contract agreement between two or more countries, which outline, how regions will work together to develop mutual benefit within the field of trade as well as investment. With this in mind, it is worth noting that global trading agreements are developed for various reasons. First, they are developed for instant feedback along with second opinions. In this regard, Ravenhill (2008) argue that, when each partner input is considered before major decisions are made; it tends to eradicate barriers in trading. As a result, it is developed to clarify how business operates in addition, adding instructions regarding how business decisions are made in the partnership agreement. With this in mind, it is with no doubt; global trading agreements are developed to eradicate various barriers in trading such as heavy tariffs and visa permits. Partners benefit from easy access of visa permits. In conclusion, partnership agreement is developed to eradicate heavy tariffs that may be a barrier if not eradicated for instance, fear trading with other countries.

 

 

References

Brown, A.G. (1914). International trade: a study of the economic advantages of commerce. New York: Macmillan Publisher

Grimwade, N. (1989). International trade: new patterns of trade, production, and investment.        New York: Routledge Publisher

Hobson, J.A. (1904). International trade: an application of economic theory. New York:    Methuen Publisher

Manaschi, A. (1998). Comparative advantage in international trade: a historical perspective.         London: Edward Elgar Publishing

Ravenhill, J. (ed). (2008). Global political economy. New York: Oxford University Press

 

 

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IT’S Project Proposal

Name

Institution

 

 

 

PROJECT CHARTER

Project title

TopLiance Corporation

Date of authorization

The date of authorization for this project is May 20, 2011

PROJECT’S MANAGER NAME

Dr Nancy Waithera

SCOPE STATEMENT

In essence, Compliance Corporation is a company, which focuses on selling home appliances. It has over 50 sales agents in many states. To increase its sales, the company is implementing an online sales program, which in essence saves money and time in sales opportunities. In addition, online sales program will enable clients to buy home appliances through internet-based program. As a result, there will be an increase in the overall sales volume along with profit of Compliance Corporation. With this regard, the project is solving sales problems that have been a concern for the past years. Sales problem is worth solving because; this is what determines the growth of the business. With this in mind, I believe online sales program will eradicate sales problem in that, it will offer an opportunity for clients to shop online.

PLANS FOR MANAGING THE PROJECT

In every project management, planning stage is essential since it where the foundation of the project lies. With this in mind, Compliance online program will be managed by various people who will assist in making the project successful. The project will be managed by the project manager, development manager and the main technical team. Each team will be composed by two analysts, two database administrators, three software engineers in addition, quality assurance consultants. These teams will play a fundamental role in the full development of the project. For instance, Database administrators will implement and maintain database environment of Compliance online program. Additionally, they will develop policies along with procedures for data security. Analysts will be essential in knowing what the company wants in delivering the best service in online sales program. In conjunction with this, they will detail the requirements needed in addition, interpret them in terms of how they will be vital in online sales program. Software engineers will measure how software will be designed in addition; design the software that will conform to the project. It a well-documented fact, if criteria are not observed it is obvious that, lack of quality will result in the project. With this in mind, software engineers will play a key role by applying technologies as well as practices in the project management issues.         Generally, the teams will help to address information and problems that may arise during implementation of the project.

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

Project manager

• The project manager in TopLiance Corporation will ensure the overall project team completes the project.
• Develop the project plan.
• To secure approval of the project from the stakeholders and project sponsor
• Making sure the project is delivered on schedule, within the scope and based on the planned budget.
• Managing the team performance in project tasks delegated
• Managing and reporting progress
• Being accountable for quality work
• Designing the project control mechanism
• Managing project conflicts
• Providing overall project direction

System analyst

• Guiding towards the development of information system
• Analyze the system requirements in the project
• Developing system specifications
• Analyzing the current system of clients
• Preparing the user manual for clients

Database Administration

• Setting up and maintain documentations and standards of the project
• Taking care of the database implementation and design
• Maintain database activities
• Managing information in the organization

Software engineers

• Programming
• Working with clients requisites
• Assisting in technology issues

 

 

Project proposal

• Providing the project oversight and guidance
• Approving some project elements

 

 

PROJECT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

• Increase usage of our existing products to many clients globally
• Developing awareness of our products globally
• Increase our annual sales and profits
• Accomplish the overall business goals and objectives within defined budget

PROJECT TARGET MARKET

The project intends to target people who mostly prefer online shopping. Additionally, we aim to target professional officers that often use our products.

 

PROJECT SCHEDULE

The project will officially starts on May 20, 2011 and ends in January 20, 2012

Activity	Starting date	Ending date
Preparation Delegating responsibilities Selecting sponsors and industries to be part of the project Preparing for the budget	May 20,2011	August 20, 2011
Practical work   Maintaining documentations and standards of the project Analyzing the system requirements in the project Taking care of the database implementation and design Designing the project control mechanism Approving the best site watched by targeted clients Analyzing the collected information to be achieved in data analysis in the preparation of the final report	August 20, 2011	January 20, 2012

 

PROJECT BUDGET

The overall budget of the online sales program will be $1Million. The fiancés will be spent on various activities along with people that will be working in the project. Half the amount will be spent on paying every person that will be participating in the project while the rest of finances’ will be used in the project activities.

 

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Gospel of Thomas

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Instructor

            The gospel of Thomas is the early Christian discovered in 1945 near Nag Hammadi in Egypt.  The gospel of Thomas is the collection of a one hundred and fourteen saying of Jesus. Studies outline that, the gospel of Thomas is different from the New Testament apocrypha along with the canonical gospels in the sense that, it is different both in tone and structure (France, 1989). In this regard, many outline the gospel of Thomas to be written by the person who admired the Apostle Thomas or otherwise the influence of Syrian Christian. The gospel of Thomas differs with the gospel of New-Testament in many themes. For instance, the gospel of Thomas outlines Jesus as a wise teacher who is not human and a messiah. In conjunction with this, the gospel outline that, there many gods in the form of pantheism in addition, indicate the aspect of man been capable of saving himself through knowledge as well as, inward beauty. With this in mind, there have been continuous issues on whether the gospel of Thomas is Gnostic document. In facts, in line with many scholars; many have rejected the book in various aspects such as the ideal of acquiring salvation through knowledge and the ideal that Jesus is the Messiah. With this in mind, this paper seeks to analyze various reasons as to why the gospel of Thomas was rejected by the early church.

The gospel of Thomas was rejected by the early church because; it is a gospel that teaches heretical aspects concerning Jesus. For instance, the gospel of Thomas outline Jesus as the wise teacher who was not human in addition, not the Messiah predicted by Jewish prophets. On the contrary, the canon scripture outline Jesus as being divine and human as outline in the gospel of Matthew.  Religious experts argue that, there many hidden words, which Jesus spoke with Didymos Judas, and for this reason, not aligning with the doctrine of the early church.

In conjunction with this, there seem to be contradictions in the gospel of Thomas on salvation aspect in that; the gospel of Thomas talks of salvation been acquired by acquiring knowledge and the early church doctrine outline salvation to be achieved through having faith in Jesus and inviting him to be an individual savior. As a result, the differences on salvation between the two doctrines contribute to the early church rejecting (Keizer, 2009).

Subsequently, the gospel of Thomas outline that, there are many gods that form pantheism, and for this reason, the early church rejects the doctrine in that, in the gospel of Mark; it outline to having only one God. In addition, there are controversial issues regarding the gospel Thomas doctrine on the fact that, a man physical body is bad though the spiritual body is good. To some extent, the early church outline the physical body to be corrupt in nature but; it is not inherently evil since, the body will resurrect just like Jesus (Luke 24:39) thus rejecting the Gospel of Thomas.

Typically, the Gospel of Thomas was rejected by the early church because; it outlines Thomas to having acquired a special position amongst other disciples during transfiguration due to learning the secrete gospel. Under this context, the early church outline this to be false in the sense that, there are no evidence in the bible of Thomas receiving special knowledge compared to other disciples in the bible (Matthew 17:1).

In conclusion, it is essential to note that, the gospel of Thomas fails in many tests. According to Keizer (2009), it was not written by Thomas thus; the early church recognized it as a forgery. It contains many doctrines that contradict with the biblical gospels. In facts, it fails to bear marks of inspiration of the Holy Spirit. All these facts attributed to the early church rejecting it. With this regard, this paper has analyzed various reasons as to why the gospel of Thomas was rejected by the early church.

 

 

 

References

France, R.T. (1989). Jesus the Radical:  A Portrait of the Man They Crucified. New York:              Regent College Publishing

Keizer, L. (2009). The Kabbalistic Words of Jesus in the Gospel of Thomas. London: Lewis           Keizer

 

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Name

Course

Instructor

Date

Introduction

Political science

            For many years, political science has been concerned with theory of politics, political systems along with political behavioral. Mostly, political scientist engaged into the aspect of revealing the underlying political events as well as conditions. From this revelation, they attempt to predict the general principles on the political in the entire world (Grant 3). Political science is a broad field that relate with religion, racism, feminism, behavioral structuralism, institutionalism and rational choice theory. Political science is marked with a greater concern of modernity. With this regard, there have been new political situations for the past two months in the United States. Despite the fact, Barrack Obama was not entirely expected; changes have occurred so stunning that many find hard to believe. In this regard, this paper examines Political situation in the US in relation to region, racism and feminism in the last two months ago.

Political situation in the US in religion

            Recently, there has been political violence regarding Muslim and Christianity religion. Actually, The United State is a Christian country. Much has been said regarding Muslim religion to the extent Muslim religion being connected to Osama Bin Laden. Reports indicate that, actions have been taken regarding first ever arrest warrant of Osama Bin Laden (Grant 10). ….argue that, it is with no doubt, getting rid of Osama bin laden has been good news in the American nation. It has been argued that, Osama bin laden contributed to the huge suffering and conduct of terror attacks killing of innocent people. The bin-laden phenomenon made most Arabs and Muslims citizens to be deeply frustrated on the policies of efforts in search for Bin laden.  The daily star article in March 5, 2011 reported that, efforts of killing Bin Laden have damaged reputations of Muslims and Arabs.

Recently, Osama Bin Lane was shot. Feelings of frustrations, hopelessness and humiliation were observed in the Arab community. Many Arab youths demonstrated hoping to change the corrupt political only to be prison and faced the regime bullet. Studies shows that, many had turned to religion extremists to the point Roman Catholic Bishop speech outlined how Portland’s largest mosque had painted on their mosque following bin laden death that  “Osama  today, Islam tomorrow and Go home”  (Roskin 1). As a result, the United State government has exclaimed that Bin Laden was a man that sowed division as well as hatred between Christianity and Muslim.

In conjunction with this, there has been Jewish group intervening for mosques access to their rights. Two months ago, the group contended that Muslims were denied their rights for freedom of worship in the United State. Researchers argue that, a Jewish group was intervening in the case of demanding the American nation to offer them a place of worship (Badran 2). The Muslim worshippers claimed that, Alpharetta was illegally blocked to exterminate the construction f new worship centre. In this regard, the Muslim contended that, the united State failed to protect Muslim rights to the extent of denying them a religious freedom for a house of worship.

Political situation in the US in relation to racism

            Racism has been a major issue in the United State since the colonial era. Legally imposing, racism has imposed a heavy burden regarding the American Jews and Eastern European along with immigrants from elsewhere has suffered racism in the American society. The reason why racism has been on a higher side in United State is that, many people in America have prejudice against other races. For many years, discrimination has occurred to Latin Americans, Muslims and African Americans (Segall 1).

Two months ago, reports indicated that, despite the fact that United State is currently ruled by a black president there were still some racism between the white and the black people. In the article Race, Racial attitude and stratification beliefs by Dietrich in March 2011, Eduardo and Dietrich argue that, the white people deemed the election of President Obama since he is an African. Most people argued that, hearsay of Obama being a Muslim also contributed to the racial attitude. In conjunction with this, studies show that, the existing racial equality is the product of the new President who in this case is an African. Reports in March 2001 indicated that, there have been laws and cultural norms that have effectively assisted in eradicating racism ( Dietrich & Bonilla 1). For instance, there have equality in terms of employment in that; equal rights are being given to both the black and whites concerning employment.

President Obama has played a fundamental role in eradicating racism in the sense that, in April 2011 he released his long-term certificate, which outlined that he was born in Africa. This aspect challenged those that believed that an African could never rule the whites. To prove that racism is on a higher side in American, the whites demanded answers from Obama regarding birth. In this regard, researchers indicated that, aspect of President Obama being questioned about his birth, clearly exposed racism in the United State, which for a long time affected the country (Alani 1). As a victim of racially prejudiced, President Obama believes that, United State requires addressing the issue of racism and; as a result, reducing racial discrimination.

Political situation in the US in relation to feminism

            In essence, feminism regard to the collection of movement that aimed at establishing, defining and defending equal rights for women. These rights are based on political, economical and social rights that portray equal opportunities for women. With this regard, feminist activists have effectively generally campaign for women rights such as broadly promoting women rights in all aspects of life. In addition, feminism is argued to be the intellectual commitment as well as the political movement, which seeks justice for women. In considering different strategies for responding to feminism and diversity of women, Clinton proved feminist foreign policy that it works. In the past years, there were arguments that, women required working harder in order to achieve better results in the world stage since they are regarded to be weaker.

Two months ago, research indicates that, since Clinton became the US secretary, she has been the most influential politician whom advance the explicitly of the feminist agenda. Early this year, Mendes (1) argue that, Clinton has effectively addressed feminist issue, which in many countries like China She outlined the issue of gender imbalance caused by high abortion cases of female. Many of her statements can be routed on the issue of feminism since she believes that there should gender equality at all aspects of life. For the past months, she has carefully worked on the issue of gender equality and fighting sexual violence. This is because; women in the past years have been disadvantaged because of societal expectation. As a result, the American nation has diverted attention to the women issues regarding access to health care, employment, equal marriage legislation and environmental consequences for chopping firewood. In response to this, Clinton pledged a hundred million stoves by 2020 through which she believed it would reduce sexual violence cases that occur when gathering firewood.

Without doubts, Hillary Clinton has carefully couched her feminism for the last two months and her feminism has helped Obama administration. For instance, she has forefront the US response to 2011 Middle East protest. It is a well documented that, Hillary Clinton political position shows how United State has given women equal opportunities with an attempt to eradicate gender inequality. With no doubt, other countries can learn from Clinton political leadership as a woman to the extent she has received many awards in her career and in the activities concerning women.

Conclusion

            It is well acknowledged that, political science is a fundamental that discusses aspect concerning political events as well as conditions that affect human beings. As discussed in this paper, Political science is a broad field, which relate with religion, racism, feminism, behavioral structuralism, institutionalism and rational choice theory. In this regard, when considering the United State political aspect, there are various aspects that political analysts has outlined for the last two months (Heineman 1). For the last two moths, there have been aspects of addressing racism proved by President Obama questioning on his birthplace, Muslim being denied their aspects and the issue of feminism highly addressed by Hillary Clinton. With this regard, this paper has analyzed Political situation in the US in relation to region, racism and feminism in the last two months ago.

 

 

Work cited

Alani, Mustafa.” Bin Laden, Political violence lives on.” The daily star Beta 5 March 2011: LZ01. Print

Badran, M. From Islamic Feminism to a Muslim Holistic Feminism. IDS Bulletin, 42 (2011):         78–87.

Dietrich, David & Bonilla Eduardo. “Race, Racial Attitudes, and Stratification Beliefs: Evolving             Directions for Research and Policy: The Sweet Enchantment of Color-Blind Racism inAmerica”. Lexis Nexis March 2011: LZ01. Print

Grant, Alan. The American political process. New York: Routledge, 2004. Print

Heineman, Robert. Political Science. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional, 1995. Print

Mendes, Kaitlynn. Framing Feminism: News Coverage Of The Women’s Movement In British     And American Newspapers, 1968-1982 Social Movement Studies: Journal of Social,         Cultural And Political Protest 10. 1 (2011): 81-98

Roskin, Michael. Political science: an introduction. California: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006

Segall, Marshall H.Why is There Still Racism if There is No Such Thing as “Race”Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, Unit 5. 2011 Retrieved from:  http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/orpc/vol5/iss1/3/

 

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Parable of Good Samaritan

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Institution

 

 

It is a well-documented fact; the parable of the Good Samaritan is a parable, told by Jesus in portraying Samaritans as good people. In context, the parable is in the Gospel of Luke 10:25-37, which in brief entails the parable in response to the question of the identity of a neighbor. The parable came as a shock to Jesus audiences who by then hated Samaritans and vice versa. Questions concerning the meaning of the parable have been imposed. As a result, there have been contentious issues concerning its features. With this regard, this paper seeks to analyze Byrne and Bruce Article concerning the story of Samaritan and the innkeeper.

Byrne Assumption for the story of Good Samaritan

            In essence, Byrne outline that, Jesus was demonstrating the broader understanding of true love. In this regard, Byrne suggests that, the parable of Good Samaritan tends to highlight the nature of God like that of the Good Samaritan. From Byrne argument, Jesus was using the parable to describe the compassionate of God. This is been explained in parable whereby Jesus describes the Good Samaritan in various aspects like noticing the traveler needs, extended compassionate without religious or cultural codes. With this in mind, Byrne exemplifies the parable of Good Samaritan to signify God’s hospitality to the wounded as well Compassionate to all without favoritism. Jesus assessing how a loving God means, it enacts a reflection of loving others just as God does.

Bruce Assumption for the story of Good Samaritan

            In this context, Bruce assume that neighbor in the parable of God Samaritan signifies an individual who takes action to help others in need. From Bruce point of view, Samaritan performed functions that priests never performed. With this in mind, Bruce imposes that, the story of the attacked man by robbers, left half-dead and robed signified that; we should love the less privileged in the society that are mostly ignored. In conjunction with this, Bruce argues that, Samaritan signified the neighbors we are to be. Surprisingly, Samaritan is much compassionate than the priests. According to Bruce, this symbolizes that; we should love everyone despite the differences in religion and culture.

Approach that explain all features

            From my point of view, Byrne tends to explain all the features of the parable in that; he clearly explained them in a deeper context. For instance, he outline Good Samaritan to symbolize the nature of God, the traveler to humanity, the act of priest ignoring the traveler to the need for breaking cultural and religious values and  the robbers the sinful nature of men.

Best historically

            Additionally, Byrne approach explains better in historical and literary context in that; he has explained the lawyer intention of; trying to trick Jesus bypassing the law. To approve this, he combines two aspects that; the lawyer answered approved in Deuteronomy 6:5 that states, we should love God with all your heart, soul, mind and strength. With this in mind, Byrne in his assumption explains the history of lawyers during the time of Jesus as scribes that preserved and taught the laws. They acted as interpreters and professional that would judge individual cases as they related with Jewish law. Although Bruce explains, the history of the innkeeper Byrne approach seems deeper in context.

 

 

 

Approach that relate in the Old Testament

            In reality, Bruce assumption seems to relate with the Old Testament better in that, in the book of Joshua it narrates the story of the city of Jericho that destroyed the Israelites and entered Canaan land. As a result, all the city’s inhabitants died except Rahab and her family who had earlier protected two Israelites spies. As a result, many scholars describe Rahab as an innkeeper for caring for the two Israelites spies. With this in mind, the Samaritan requires money to take care of the injured man while innkeeper acquired two Denairr to look after the injured man. This relates in the Old Testament in that, innkeepers looked after the less fortunate in the society just like in the case of Ruth.

Questions that seem unanswered

            In reality, both authors have left some questions unanswered for instance; Bruce does not explain the importance of priest, robbers and lawyers in the passage. He fails to explain why Jesus was using those individuals in the narrative. On the other hand, Byrne fails to explain the importance of innkeepers in the passage (Byrne, 2000).

Approaches that are compatibility and incompatibility

            In essence, two approaches tend to compliment each other in that, both   Byrne and Bruce explain the meaning of the parable of Good Samaritan to be Love. On the contrary, they tend to overlap in meaning in that, Bruce believe that, the overall meaning of the parable meant loving our neighbors whereas,  Byrne outline the meaning to signify the kind of love God has towards human kind.

 

Best approach to preach

            In conclusion, having discussed the two assumptions; Byrne approach would be easier to preach because, Byrne expound the text through showing the importance for every feature used in the parable of Good Samaritan. With this regard, this paper has analyzed Byrne and Bruce Article concerning the story of Samaritan and the innkeeper.

References

 

Byrne, B.J. (2000). The hospitality of God: a reading of Luke’s gospel. New York: Liturgical         Press

Longenecker, B.W. The Story of the Samaritan and the Innkeeper (Luke 10:30-35): A Study in    Character Rehabilitation:

<https://mail.google.com/mail/h/17aet58mi3rb8/?view=att&th=12ffc9bcf3a73d2a&attid=            0.1&disp=vah&realattid=f_gnsgawik0&zw>

 

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