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Fast food franchises

Introduction

            It is a well-documented fact; McDonald is the World’s largest food restaurant chain in over 110 countries and 32,000 locations globally. In facts, McDonald continues to be the premier franchising company globally in the sense that, over 75% of restaurants worldwide are owned and operated by franchisees. With no doubt; McDonald continues to perform well through increasing sales and expanding aggressively. Under this context, studies outline that, the company experienced a dramatic increase of sales as a result, of renovating stores and expanding menu options internationally (Frisch 33). In the United State, McDonald sales has increased for the past years, and ever performing well in attracting their consumers. Subsequently, McDonald international operations outline a massive profit growth particularly in emerging markets such as India, China and Latin America among others. These facts outline a massive growth of McDonald that has been attributed by a number of facts such as a strong management team, effective advertising strategies, ritual aspects of having meals and menu items among others. In this regard, this paper seeks to discuss McDonald in terms of architecture, advertising, menu items and the ritual aspects of having a meal. In addition, the paper will discuss briefly the predictability and familiarity of the experience part of their success.

McDonald architecture

In essence, the McDonald restaurant architecture is remarkable. Mostly, the building is dominated by golden arches in both sides of the building, which from a distance appeal like steel arch bridge construction over the turnpike along with chain symbols. One may notice that, the McDonald architecture is classic double-sloped roof with the opening chains having a sleeker looks. It is obvious that, many McDonald restaurants have adopted similar styles in architecture in the sense that, mostly they are dominated in golden arches on the building both sides with chain symbols. Under this context, one can outline that, the McDonald Restaurant buildings are examples of mimetic or programmatic in architecture. The buildings shape describes the content of the building, which automatically attracts many visitors. In essence, the weird design of McDonald restaurants describes the topsy-turvy activities which take place. With documentation provided by architects, McDonald buildings are typically drawn in attractive colors defining the structure along with its operation. Buildings are environment friendly thus, inspiring many clients to visit the restaurants (Frisch 59).

 

Advertising strategies

For many years, the McDonald has generated an increase in sales and profit. Under this context, experts argue that, the company has a purpose to keep up with the rapid change in preference, consumer taste and demographics. With this in mind, the company has focused on increasing its sales, and to achieve so, has remolded many restaurants globally. Although McDonald is the World’s largest food restaurant in terms of revenues and restaurants chain; the company faces competition from other fast food chains in the market. With this in mind, McDonald Company has maintained an extensive advertising campaign through the use of media, signage, billboards, sporting events and making orange drink coolers with the company logo. Under this context, the company makes orange drinks to attract people to buy their products. In essence, the main objective of McDonald advertising is to create awareness for their products to consumers through creating an urge for consumers to wish for the products advertised. In reality, print and television advertisement are the major marketing medium for McDonald Company. With no doubt; the company understands the fact that; print and television advertisement is a powerful tool in targeting a wide range of consumers globally. In facts, McDonald strategy of marketing has attributed many customers ultimately knowing the company products thus striking many to visit restaurants.

 Menu items and the ritual aspects of having a meal

McDonald restaurants have adopted style for running their menu, which attract many to visit frequently. In this regard, d salads introduction along with public nutrition are examples of McDonald efforts of adapting the changing trends in the market. Recently, the company has changed the sable unchanging menu to which is trendy and innovative following products like premium coffee and snack wrap. In conjunction with this, there are ventures in drinks such as such as strawberry banana, which as a result, has provided new turning point of competing with other small competitors. In order to deliver services effectively, the company has made commitments to improve their menu as a way of enhancing customer satisfaction thus, giving customers reasons to visit again.

With this in mind, new items on the menu enhance consumer taste through developing special menu such as vegetarian selection that suit Indian, African dishes that suit majority and happy meals. McDonald innovate menu occasionally to change the preference and tastes of its clients. In fact, the recent example is chicken Maharaja Mac. The ritual aspect of having meal in McDonald attracts many customers to keep on visiting. In essence, chairs and dining are arranged in such a way that, they can accommodate evening meals most common in family rituals. Ideally, McDonald Company value entertainment thus, enhancing that their customers are watching TV as they enjoy meals along with music.

In conclusion, Frisch (44) argues that, the predictability and familiarity of the experience part of their success is attributed by having a strong management team that ensures every progress in the company. As discussed in the paper; having strong marketing strategies create awareness of the company products and services thus, creating an urge for many to visit frequently. In conjunction with this, McDonald employees are trained occasionally on customer loyalty, hard work and time management among others thus enhancing the company success. With this regard, this paper seeks to discuss McDonald in terms of architecture, advertising, menu items and the ritual aspects of having a meal. In addition, the paper will discuss briefly the predictability and familiarity of the experience part of their success.

Work cited

Frisch, Carlienne. Careers in starting and building franchises. New York:  The Rosen Publishing   Group, 1999. Print

 

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Fashion

HOW HAS WESTWOOD CHANGED PEOPLE’S MODE OF DRESSING AND ATTITUDE TO DRESS

Vivienne Westwood is one of the fashion designers who have kept fashion oriented around British fashion scenes and entire world. She is one of the pioneers in fashion industry whose clothes have become inspiration to many while influencing other people negatively. Her fashions are known to have a theme based on it for instance fall/winter 97 was based on Wild West. In a current advertisement for her spring collection, she has showed a portrait, which shows striding purposefully which look very thin. The images describe the woman along with her power on dressing. She implies that dressing code tend to describe a person.

In the history of fashion, she has assessed that clothes is what set the impression of how people view an individual. Westwood has once stated that, a feminist is what makes women dress like men. This has led to many women dressing as men while men wearing jewelry accessories for instance earrings. Many have celebrated her on her dressing a tip whereas others have strongly disagreed on her belief that feminist is what makes women dress like men. Additionally, her advertisement has negatively influenced dressing code and culture. Most of her photos have advertised different kind of short skirts and the best time that should be worn. This has led many imitating her without considering the norms and morals of the society together with its culture. Her collections are now available all over globally.

Her opinion towards fashion has changed people’s mode of dressing and their attitude towards why they dress has changed. For instance, statistics have shown that 75 % of women no longer dress to be smart but instead dress to be seductive. Westwood has influenced people away from their way of dressing by reinforcing the ideas of power as well as status in their dresses. Researches have shown that, her dress code look weak or frail which thereafter lead to sexual harassments when individuals emulate. Although the research is not fully supported, other study shows that she has been an excellent teacher who believes in fashion.

Based on historical towards fashion she has developed the knowledge that a high heels accessory is a demonstration of female power, which from opinion implies that women have short shelf period.  Her heels were remarkably recognized serving the purpose of appealing attractive. Among the hallmarks of his designs is the kind of placement she made on the heels along with the shapes of heels. Additionally, the shoes were dripping with jewels along with baubles. This aspect has led misunderstanding her concept in that many women are always on high heels shoes. Although decorative, it has been known to affect the body for instance, spinal cord.

 

However, Westwood has brought culture concept to consciousness in the current world through recycling materials from safari tents that are usually crafted by single mothers, HIV/AIDS victims’ along with those living in extreme poverty. Through these ethical fashion programs, the poor people have now gotten an access of job with income, which benefits the entire community thus raising the standard of living. As consequence, many stores in Kenya are now selling some of her product. This has changed people attitude since they now have a choice on various modes of dressing even if they do not come from that cure.

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Examination of Clinical Psychology

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            According to Rotter (1954), psychology is the study of behavior and mind with an ultimate goal of understanding mental processes and behavior through various principles and cases. Nevertheless, clinical psychology is the integration of theories, science and clinical knowledge that promote the subjective personal development, and well-being through preventing the psychological dysfunction. Under this context, clinical psychology is assumed to have begun in 1896 and since then, the word has increased knowledge in clinical psychology. In many cases, clinical psychology is often a synchronized mental health professional. With this in mind, this paper seeks to analyze the history and evolving nature of clinical psychology in addition, explain the role of research and statistics in clinical psychology. Subsequently, the paper will also discuss the differences between clinical psychology and other mental health professions that include social work, psychiatry, and school psychology.

It is a well-documented fact; clinical psychology is the most popular are in psychology. In the article, Discovering Lightner Witmer: A forgotten Hero of psychology 2009 Thomas outline that, clinical psychology was started by Lightener Witmer in 1896 with the first psychological clinic being at Pennsylvania University. With no doubt; Lightner Witmer is outlined to be the founder of clinical psychology who in his efforts developed school psychology and specials education. In facts, Lightner was an integrationist and open minded in clinical psychology in the sense that, he opened the laboratory in Pennsylvania University with an aim of assisting children with mental defects. From Lightner Witmer assumption, clinical psychology is a term derived from the word medicine, which implies that, this field is concern with treating sick patients. In other words, clinical psychology involves researching on treatment of patients with mental disorders. The most popular treatments at 19^th century involved phrenology that involved the study of personality through the shape of a skull. In conjunction with this, other treatments included physiognomy through the assessment of personality through the outer appearance and Mesmer’s using magnets among others.

With this regard, the field became organized under the name clinical psychology, and since then, it has been leading area in psychology. According to Barlow (1981), clinical psychology has expanded into a stout professional as well as, an academic field. With this regard, it is estimated that, the number of clinical psychologists between 1974 and 1990 in the United States increased from 20,000 to 63,000 thus; outlining the fastest growing psychology. Up-to date, clinical psychologists are experts in psychotherapy and assessment. It is essential to note that, clinical psychology professional requires research and statistics, which play a fundamental role to understand the field phenomena interest.

Research play a fundamental role in the sense that; it is the foundation of understanding facts in clinical psychology. In other words, it provides facts to conduct clinical practice including best methods to assess disorders along with prevention and treatment. Barlow (1981) argue that, research provide applications and directions for clinical psychology with links of psychology, social sciences and biological. With this regard, clinical psychologists conduct researches in different settings such as in hospitals, community, schools and clinics to carry their activities effectively. Subsequently, statistics enables researchers to base their data findings through measuring the information or facts gathered to present legitimate results. This implies that, statistics and research are the key components for efficiency and success of clinical psychology (Rotter, 1954).

In conclusion, there are various differences between clinical psychology and mental health professional that include the following. First, the mental health professional offers services with an aim of improving the person mental health and a times treating mental illness. Mental health professionals include social workers, psychiatric nurses, school psychologists and psychological counselors (Diana, Elliott., & James, 1993). On the other hand, clinical psychology is the integration of theory and science whose purpose is to enhance personal development through relieving psychologically dysfunction. With this in mind, they use research and psychological methods to enhance positive changes to clients and tackle complex patients. In this regard, this paper has analyzed clinical psychology in detail in addition, discussed how it differs with mental health professions.

 

References

Barlow, D.H. (1981). On the relation of clinical research to clinical practice: Current issues, new   directions.  Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 49 (2) 147-15.

Diana, Elliott., & James D. (1993). Mental health professionals versus non-mental-health   professionals: Childhood trauma and adult functioning. Professional Psychology:       Research and Practice, 24 (1) 83-90.

Rotter, J.B.  (1954). Social learning and clinical psychology. American Psychological        Association, 5 (3) 466.

Thomas, H. (2009). Discovering Lightner Witmer: A forgotten Hero of Psychology. Journal of     scientific psychology, 7 (5) 3-12.

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Ethnic discrimination

Introduction

            It is a well documented fact; ethnic discrimination has been a contentious issue in most nations groups. In essence, ethnic discrimination is an unequal treatment given to people based on the fact; the group of people belongs to a certain ethnic group. In this regard, researchers argue that, ethnic discrimination is the creation of offensive environment that if not handled with care can result to unequal treatments among other unfair treatments (Lentin 3). It is with no doubt; ethnic discrimination is critical social issue. With this in mind, this paper seeks to analyze how ethnic discrimination maintains division of labor and racial/ethnic stratification in addition; discuss how American history X movie has provided examples of racial discrimination and racial/ethnic stratification.

In facts, it is with no doubt that, ethnic discrimination maintains division of labor in the sense that, it promotes inequity in the distribution of wealth and income. Ethnic discrimination leads to lower wages in addition, reduces employment opportunities as well promotions. In this regard, the group subject to discrimination suffers which as a result; fall in relative living standard for earning less than they would. It is important noting that, ethnic discrimination occurs in the labour market due to workers and employees having distaste for working with certain people in different ethnic groups. In many cases, many prefer associating with people from their group thus disliking people from other different races, community or else religion among others which as result, affects division of labor based on the fact that, workers  subject to discrimination ends up receiving unfair treatments and a time reducing employment opportunities which eventually leads to lower productivity.

In addition, ethnic discrimination maintains division of labor in the sense that, there are more benefits given to people from the manager ethnic group. In such instances, the manager may ends up choosing workers from his ethnic group without considering their services. As a result, other ethnic groups may be sidelined and denied opportunities despite of their talents, skills and working experience. Eventually, this may lower labor productivity due to lack of expertise. With ethnic discrimination, there is high risk of unemployment due to the fact that, it promotes favoritism in job opportunities. In this context, Meyer (4) raises a contentious issue on the reason why so many companies have employees from the same ethnic group is because, job opportunities revolve the same ethnic group in addition, and promotions are given in favoritism. As a result, workers subject to discrimination loses interest due to unfair treatment thus, guarantee decline in productivity.

In conjunction with this, it is important noting that, ethnic discrimination maintains both racial and ethnic stratification. According to Firth (3), stratification is the hierarchy position in regard to economic production that influences social rewards to people in positions. Ethnic discrimination may emanate in conflicts that occur between different classes of people, for upper classes using superior power to acquire largest share of social resources to their ethnic groups. As a result, this deters equal distribution of resources. Additionally, racism is the systematic practice which through discrimination involves denying people their rights and resources due to racial differences. As a result, this affects every aspect of the society in the sense that, the less economically disadvantage groups suffer from unfair treatment from the advantageous countries. Ethnic discrimination maintains racism due to; the belief that an individual is less advantage because of language customs, place of birth and skin color or any factor that reveals the basic nature of the person. The best example is of Blacks who are seen by racists as subhuman more like beasts and a time considered being evil. All these arguments are based on ethnic discrimination which affects ethnic groups in dealing with others.

American history X movie

            According to Smith (3), American History X movie is a dram film directed by Tony Kaye in 1998. The movie gives the meaning to racism. In general, the story involves the modern-day racial hatred going on in the United States. The story is meant imposes how racism creates hatred. The writer and director of this movie accomplish their purpose through character developments, cinematography and the targeted audiences. Character development has best accomplished the purpose of the movie through Derek’s character as a white man full of racial hatred to the blacks. Based on the traumatic incident, Derek portrays his rage on the minority community basing his argument on how the minority groups are wasting taxpayer’s money and corrupting the society. It is at this point, he encourages his followers to come up with measures to stop the migrants. He shows great hatred towards minority groups through raiding the Korean market in addition; murdering two black teenagers that attempted to break his house. His attitude changed, after working with a black man that rescued him in prison. He tells the story to his friends on how his life was turned around by a black man.

The film best shows how blacks are often heavily disadvantageous and given unfair treatments. According to Derek an American citizen is granted liberty, pursuit to happiness and life. No wonder, he ends up showing unequal treatments to the blacks to the extent of killing them. Another example is when skinheads litter the grocery store. In this case, they torture the manager, cashier and the guys that stocked grocery simply because they belong to another race. The manager was beaten up with the cashier lady tortured. In reality, these people never deserved this kind of treatment thus; portrays racial discrimination.

Conclusion

            In essence, ethnic discrimination greatly maintains division of labor and racial/ethnic stratification as discussed in the paper. In addition, the American History X movie best provides examples of racial discrimination through Derek’s character and skinheads. With this in mind, this paper has analyzed how ethnic discrimination maintains division of labor and racial/ethnic stratification in addition; discussed American history X movie.

 

Work cited

Firth, Lisa. Racial and Ethnic Discrimination. London: Independence Educational Publishers,      2009. Print.

Lentin, Alana. Racism and Ethnic Discrimination. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group,         2011. Print.

Meyer, Michael. Literature and ethnic discrimination. New York: Rodopi, 1997. Print

Smith, William. Plato and popcorn: a philosopher’s guide to 75 thought-provoking movies.            California: McFarland, 2004. Print

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The Life Cycle Completed; Erik Erikson

Introduction

            Erik Erickson is the most influential people in psychology known for his theory of social development for human beings. He was born in 15 June 1902 and died in 12 May 1994 in Frankfurt. Erickson interest in psychology is traced in childhood in that, he developed an interest in knowing why human beings behave the way they behave. Erickson left a legacy in theories of development along with the ego to the extent; many of his assumptions are currently used in the psychology field. One of his greatest innovations was postulate stages of development. In this regard, this paper seeks to write a summary ‘concerning the ninth stage of development in the life cycle development.

The life cycle completed by Eric Erickson outline that, every human being goes to certain stages to reach full development. These theorizing stages go through from birth to death. In 1997, three years after the death of Erik Erickson death, his wife Joan published an extended version of Erik book the life cycle completed in which he addressed the ninth stage of development. It is a well documented that, Joan does not offer any particular crisis set out in the characteristics of the ninth stage as compared to other stages. Joan Erickson in her nineties guides us through the major challenges experienced by the old aged while they age in the eighth age until in the ninth development stage. In her introductory remarks concerning the ninth stage writes on particular challenges faced by elders. These challenges occur in their bodies along with life choices that mostly affected by the investable wage of time. She outlines that, faith and hope must play a major role in the lives of eighties and nineties. To explain this deeply, she addresses conflicts of the first eights stages and how each of them are relevant in the ninth stage.

Particularly, individual success is highly determined by how an individual is brought up in the sense that, a child can enter in adolescence with a feeling of inferiority or a sense of competence, which as a result, can plague the rest of child life. With this regard, the book first analysis the eight stages in regard the issues and the basic virtues on each stage. First, it elaborates that, each stage is involved with two opposing emotional forces that relates and correspond to the inherent challenges. For the first life stage, Erickson outline that it is the infant stage, which is mostly shaped by the mother in feeding. Under the first stage, the common conflicts obtain is sensory distortion. The second stage involves the toddler been trained in walking and the major conflict been will power and self-control. The third stage is found in preschool that involves exploration and discovery with the possible outcome been ruthlessness. The fourth stage involves schoolchild mostly shaped by teachers, friends, neighborhood and the school. Under the fourth stage, the negative outcome is narrow virtuosity. The fifth stage involves adolescent ages influenced by peer groups thus, resolving identity and direction when growing up. Under this development stage, one of negative outcome is said to be fanaticism or else repudiation. In the sixth stage, in involve intimate relationship from work and social lives in addition, promiscuity been the possible outcome.

Additionally, the seventh stage involve mid adult with the eighth stage been the late adult which entails life achievements. In this regard, Joan Erickson outlines the joy and challenges of the ninth stage in life. According to Joan Erickson, the ninth stage is the despair of the eighth stage, which is magnified by experiences of an individual body, and mind, which as a result, lowers self-esteem as well as confidence. In this regard, she points out that, facing down despair in faith with appropriate humility is the wisest course in the stage of human development. Joan Erickson outlines that, it essential noting that, conflict and tension are the sources of commitment, strength and growth defining the entire aspect of the life cycle completed. Joan highlights that, every tension or negative outcome inherited in the stages of human development is what makes the whole human being. Additionally, the book outlines that, in the earlier life stages the positive elements are the source of strength but in the ninth stage involves overcoming negative elements.

The book conclude by outlining that, the ninth stage involves mistrust or trust, shame verses autonomy, despair or integrity, role confusion Vs identity and self-absorption verses generativist. It at this point, Joan Erickson considers the successful completion of ninth stage to move the person toward gero-transcendence. In addition, the ninth stage acknowledges changes that occur towards normal part of aging. A time, the age accept connection with dead relatives who in this case may have been close to the victim. In most cases, the old aged prefer quiet and peaceful place for meditations.

Conclusion

            In facts, Erickson theory is highly recognized. It is considered significant in describing development stages of a human being from birth to death. As discussed in the paper, Eric concept of stages of human development is remarkable which later, is extended by his wife in describing the ninth stage. Joan Erickson outlines that, the ninth stage involve the elderly from the age of 70s and 80s. Additionally, she outlines that, faith and hope must play a major role in the lives of eighties and nineties. In this regard, this paper has briefly discussed the ninth stage of development in the life cycle development.

 

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Environmental Psychology

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Mostly, Environmental psychology has been regarded as an interdisciplinary field that focuses on interplay between humans with their surroundings. Generally, the field defines environment, social settings, informational environment, and learning environment. For the past years, the field has aimed at solving environment problems in the pursuit of individual well being. Physiatrist argues that, environmental psychology tends to examine the environment broadly concerning social settings and all that is natural on the planet (Nagar, 2006).

In this regard, when solving problems that involve human interaction whether local or global, one must be equipped with environment knowledge to assist in predicting environmental conditions, which attribute human beings to behave in certain manner. With such knowledge, there will be a likelihood of predicting the outcome when certain conditions are not met. Additionally, it will effectively protect environment and as a result enhance reasonable behavior pattern. With this in mind, the field of environmental psychology recognizes various environmental stresses in addition; explore aspects of dealing with it.

Cassidy (1997) argues that, the most common environment stressor is noise and unfavorable climate. Cassidy in his research have identified that, these problems lead to physical illness, fatigue, helplessness, confusion and diminished altruism behavior among others. Coping with noise problem involves various steps. According to Nagar (2006) change is the first process of coping with stress in that, human beings can change their social settings to enhance supportive environment that include territories and smaller scaled settings. In addition, noise can be distracting which if not dealt with can cause nervousness and confusion. A basic relaxation technique for instance taking command of breathing threat and taking slow deep breaths can cause mind relaxation. This will effectively assist an individual towards coping with stress.

Additionally, people can endure the stressful period by being in places where they would have privacy and quiet place to create a quite environment. As a result, this will interpret an individual not to dwell so much on the issue but rather to look for ways that would assist in enduring stressful period. In conjunction with this, a community can opt to change the environment by sharing their view pertaining ways which a community can enhance a quiet environment as part of their culture. Consequently, this will seek to solve the problem thus, manage the environment. If the situation becomes worse, people can look for places where they are favorable climates and the preferred environment to increase a sense of well being.

References

Cassidy, T. (1997). Environmental psychology: behavior and experience in context. New York:     Psychology Press

Nagar, D. (2006). Environmental Psychology. New York: Concept Publishing Company

 

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Environmental management

Environment management is the process of taking steps and actions of a firm to have a positive impact on the environment. Many firms develop management plans to ensure environmental goals of prevention of pollution, duty of taking care of earth along with conservation of natural resources. There are various advantages of undertaking environmental management. These include the following.

Importance

1. 1.    Cost savings

According to Starkey (10), protecting the environment enhance improvement which eventually save costs. Cost savings occur through changes in

• Infrastructure
• Waste disposal
• Process efficiency
• Sourcing of raw materials
• Packaging as well as transport

Process efficiency

Undertaking environmental management tends to minimize the use of raw materials used within an organization in that it helps decision makers to consider environmental impacts when proceeding with the project. This reduces the raw materials together with waste production that area important in minimizing cost along with waste of resources that is more often linked with the decisions that were made on starting period of the project. By introducing more processes that are efficient, many businesses have been able to save cost through minimizing the amount of raw materials used in addition to water and energy.

Waste disposal

Through redesigning, various products to eliminate environmental problems reduce the amount of resources used. For instance, once waste is generated it is possible to reuse it to other companies that make use of it in to evade costs of waste disposal. By dealing with waste more effectively, many firms have been able to save money, which in this case is achieved without investment. Krozer (15) argues that, 99 % of polythene bags mostly used are recycled which has benefited many companies.

Sourcing of raw material

By changing the source of raw material used result to cost saving. For instance, through using recycled fiber instead of new wool, energy intensive process is saved as recycled waste do not require to be reused. Cost savings is achieved because of cheaper price paid for recycled fiber compared to new fibers.

Infrastructure saving

It is possible to make savings through changes of infrastructure. For example, installing energy efficient bulbs make savings on the amount of total cost used in electricity.

Packaging and transport

It is possible to save cost in these two areas through various aspects. For instance, when customers distribute their products to individual shops, they save transportation cost for businesses.

1. 2.    It ensures legislative compliance

Undertaking environment management helps to compiling with environment legislation. This helps firm to avoid unnecessary fines that may used for non-compliance obligations of regulatory authorities.

1. 3.    Develop awareness for future legislation

This allows businesses to plan for changes that would be appropriate in investment decisions. King Brian, Erickson, Steven (10) argues that, if a firm is not aware of future legislation it ends up making investments that are not suitable. On the contrary, a firm may find a legislative change, which in the end may result to rapid investment. Therefore, knowledge of environment management helps in making appropriate investment as well as preventing cash flow problems.

 

 

1. 4.    Reduces environmental risks

One of the assessments used in environment management is environment risk assessment. This involves identifying, predicting, evaluating along with mitigating the social and other relevant effects of decisions being undertaken. By undertaking this assessment, it reduces the risk occurrence, which could have affected the environment.

1. 5.    Meeting the requirements of supply chain

Effective management increases supply status in the firm. It helps the company to be accountable for environmental consequences thus having understanding on supply chain and the problems that may occur in supply chain.

1. 6.    Improves relations with other regulators

Ability of having effective management helps environmental regulators to take more approaches in regulation. For instance, when companies reduce the number of visits that occur within the firm it may increase environmental performance because the employees will be committed to their work.

1. 7.    It improves community relation along with public image

This occurs because, when a firm reassure the communities about their activities it builds community relation thereby enhancing its market place position and improving its public image.

1. 8.    Increases market opportunities

Good public image and lower production cost that occur from environment management can make the firm increase its sales in addition to gaining large market share since there is assurance of having the ability to work well.

1. 9.    Generates employee enthusiasm

Undertaking environmental management generates interest in a firm in that it allows employees to express their concern on environment towards increasing environment performance. It motivates employees to feel part of the company, which allows performing their duties effectively with interest.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT TOOLS

These are tools used to ensure effective environment management. These tools include environmental labeling, environmental auditing, environmental management systems, ecobalance, life cycle assessment and environmental indicators.

Environmental management systems

It enables businesses to mange their environmental affairs in a planned way thus identifying ways of improving environment performance, which mostly benefit business performance. Brezet, (5) argues that, in order to meet these requirements the firm should produce environment policies that has commitments through legislature, which continually increases performance. Brezet has continued arguing that, measures for implementing the program should be done in order to review on environmental activities.

Environmental Auditing

This is a tool for checking whether an organization does what is best required. For example, legislative compliance audits ensure the activities carried by the firm comply with those of environment legislation. Environment audit helps in informing business set ups whether its management practices complies with what should be practiced best.

Environmental indicators

This tool allows firm to measures its environmental performance together with its efforts of improving its performance. Indicators are used to check that the business met the required targets to ensure effective environment management.

Ecobalance

This tool helps the company to records various raw materials, products, waste and resources that is held within the company. It provides record for the company stock outputs as well as physical inputs. Therefore, ecobalance enables firms to undertake comprehensive review of its activities together with its target in improving its environment performance.

Life cycle assessment

This is a tool used in identifying and assessing various environment impacts connected to particular products. It allows manufacturers to come up with ways of cost effectively in reducing environment impact through use of life cycle assessment to support cost saving of their product.

Environmental labeling

This tool ensures environment label those products that are viewed to be harmful to the environment. To be given a product label, a product is required to meet environment criteria drawn from labeling scheme organizer. The rules are set that, onlzy certain products meet them. This tool can be used in marketing because it signify that a product is suitable to use.

How these tools help the environment

If any firm, uses the above environmental tools it will find its most position in the market place because the product will be recognized in meeting environmental regulations. They also enable firms to carry out comprehensive review of its activities that helps in improving its environment performance.

 

Energy security

According to Intel energy agency, energy securities are the provision of energy, which meets present need without comprising the need for future generation. Energy securities are most regarded as renewable energy sources that include solar energy, hydroelectricity, wave power, plant matter, geothermal power along with tidal power.

Tools application to energy security

These tools include first generation technologies, which is emerged from industrial revolution. These include geothermal power and hydropower biomass combustion. The second generations include technologies that have existed within the market because of development. This includes solar heating system. According to Ryding (29), the third generation technology is a tool which is widely commercialized. They include potential tools used compared to other renewable technologies. Examples include advanced biorefinery technologies, biomass gasification, ocean energy and stellar thermal power stations.

How these tools help energy sector

These tools helps energy sector in coming up with opportunities for vital economic benefits. This is because; people will benefit e3nergy efficiency, which is cheaper. Other benefits include access of potential tools, which are commonly preferred compared to other renewable technologies.

 

Work cited

Brezet, H. Product development with the Environment as Innovation Strategy, The

Environmental Sciences, Netherland 1995.

King Brian J, Erickson, Steven L. Fundamentals of environmental management. New York :        John Wiley and Sons, 1999

Krozer Yoram. nnovations and the environment. New York: Springer, 2008

PROMISE Approach, TU Delft, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Section for

Ryding Sven-olof. Environmental management handbook. New York: IOS Press, 1994

Starkey Richard. Environmental management tools for SME’s: A handbook. London:  Routledge             publisher,1998.

 

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English102

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English 102

July 5, 2011

Universal health care

Dear……..,

With no doubts; this semester has been fun and interesting. This has class has enabled me to gain a better understanding of universal health care in detail. While in the class, I have learnt the importance of having free health care services and problems that emerge from having such services. With this in mind, I can now understand why many countries such as United State fails to recognize giving its citizens free services as compared to other countries such as Singapore. Nevertheless, this does not mean that free health service is bad instead; I have understood the need for the government establishing some means to gather money that cater for the free services. I can now understand the wider aspect on why skilled professionals are taxed as a way of obtaining money to pay for the health care services.

The most important experience I encountered during the course was how I presented my paper. In essence, the requirements and set up of each paper gave me a practical experience of writing and citation. Though I was already exposed to different writing styles and citation; my knowledge increased particularly citing annotated biography. In this context, I have established the need for citing through annotated biography in that it enables one to establish the author argument and content. For the first paper, I was required to review about universal health care as argued by different authors. In this regard, I choose four articles through, which I was to discuss the author content using annotated biography citation. I learnt a lot in the first paper in that the four articles outline different thoughts regarding universal health care.

The greatest strength in the first paper was the citation used, which in this case was annotated biography. The most significant aspect of the citation was that, I was in a better position to establish different views as argued by different authors regarding universal health care. In this regard, one article grabbed my attention particularly on the way the author argument regarding the negative effects of having free health care services. In this context, Jost article challenged my thinking through imposing to the reader on some of the facts that enable some countries to oppose free health care services. In this context, the article went on by explaining how skilled professionals end up paying heavy taxes in the name of paying for the health services. With this knowledge, I represented this article to outline the effects of having free health care services. Subsequently, there was strength in the way the paper went on by defining universal health care to outlining the benefits and effects of having such free services to a country. With such knowledge, the paper was well-organized making the reader understand fully on the universal health care content.

I would establish the greatest weaknesses in the first paper to be citation style, which gave me a hectic time in organizing it as ought to be. Nevertheless, I gathered information from the internet on how to reference annotated biography. Though I wrote the paper perfectly, it took me time to organize the paper. In addition, as I was beginning to learn how to cite annotated biography, I was required to understand the author content in order to present it properly.

Later, we wrote a second paper, which in this case was a proposal regarding universal health care innovation with various problems that emerge from having free health care services. At first, I was nervous about the project since I was required to interview skilled professionals as well as, patients. I was later required to combine my findings through giving out my interpretation. Therefore, I interviewed skilled doctors and patients at Mountain View hospital with an aim of finding out the outcomes that emerge from free health services and what should be done top eliminate certain problems.

I was proud of the way the paper turned out, with my thesis statement being good. Additionally, I organized the paper perfectly making my work flow effectively providing an urge for the reader to continue reading. Subsequently, I did a good job of introducing the paper on the basis of how the innovation of universal health care has been a debate issue. The analysis citing of the paper turned perfectly trying to use in-text citation on the paper in APA format. Overall, my paper was successful though there were some weaknesses.

I encountered difficulties in coming up with a hospital that would carry out my research. In this context, the project required one to interview people and outlining the best group of people to interview was a challenge. To fix the problem, I evaluated a hospital that I recently visited and by doing so, was in a better position to carry out my project. There was a challenge on arranging interviews in that, I was nervous on how I would start interviewing skilled doctors and patients particularly. However, I fixed the problem by narrowing down my questions that eventually enabled me to carry out my reach successfully.

In conclusion, with how I presented my two papers, I strongly feel I deserve an A on this project since the paper meets all the standard criteria for English 102 course. The two papers strongly outline correct grammar, citation, personal argument and other people argument. With no doubts; the ideas presented on the two papers present the academic critique and integrity of the reader through providing facts in each paper. In facts, I feel this is my best work in that, despite encountering challenges while writing the two papers, I went ahead in fixing the problem. I feel privileged to have been given a chance to show my potential through this project. I hope you have enjoyed reading the project just like I enjoyed writing my project.

            Yours  faithfully,

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In reality, the person who holds the position of an office manager has wide diverse duties that must be performed everyday. Duties and responsibilities of a manger depend on the type of business and size of the business. There are various responsibilities concomitant by the manager. Some of these responsibilities include hiring and firing employees, performing patrol duties, taking phone calls and ensuring everything is working well in the organization among others. It is a well documented that, for these duties to be done effectively, a manager is required to make critical thinking since every decision he makes affects both inside and outside of the organization environment (Burchanan, 1974). By being a manager, one should be bear in mind that, every decision can be wonderful as well as harmful to the state, trade unions and employees. Actually, it essential for all managers to be exercising their managerial prerogative with interference from employees, state and the trade union to ensure that effective decisions are made and results are favorable to every one concern in the business. In this regard, this paper seeks to conquer with the fact that, managers should be able to exercise their managerial prerogative excepting interference from other actors such as state, employees and trade unions. For these to be achieved, this paper will discuss what attribute to managers decisions been affected by the three parties mentioned in the paper.

In the article making management decision 1987 Herbert and Simon argue that, the chief role of a manager is to make decisions in addition, communicating the information to other people concern. In this regard, Herbert and Simon argue that, managers should be full equipped with knowledge about the industry as well as social environment through they work in the decision-making process. With this in mind, it is important noting that, a state possesses power, which is obligatory for everyone to abide. In facts, State ensures that all holidays are celebrated particularly to employees who work tirelessly in other days. Some of these holidays are celebrated as a sign of remembering an event that had occurred on that similar day. With this in mind, the state regards that employees are given time to rest and celebrate with their families. This becomes a challenge for a manager who on that day may have wanted employees to work in order to boost sales and profit. Although this can be done in good intention, it is obvious that, the manager may be seen violating the orders given by the state. In such aspect, Simon (1987) argues that, it is important for all managers to abide with the state orders to protect the image of the company from the state. This implies that, managers should exercise their managerial prerogative with interference from the state.

In essence, in the article casual employment and Australian trade unions 1996 Campbell argue that,  trade union is an organization whose membership consists of union leaders and workers united to promote and protect rights of workers and employees. The fundamental purpose for the trade union is to negotiate wages along with working conditions and taking collective measure to act that violate employee rights. A time, Trade union may be the company union which represent interests of one company. With this in mind, it is paramount important for the management team to align their decision with what is expected by trade unions to employees. For instance, the manager may decide that, employees to be working in twenty-two hours and relax in two hours. Whatever the reason may be in this case, this may not be favorable to employees which as a result violating their rights. As a result, trade union may refer this to be mistreating employees, which can eventually cause the company to collapse. Although the direction may be promising, it is with no doubt, the act of making employees to work overtime may lead to business collapsing. With this in mind, it is obvious that, managers should consider what is expected from them by trade unions in order to make effective decisions.

In conjunction with this, it is obvious that, employees play a fundamental role in making the business successful. In this regard, Eisenhardt (1989) argue that, employees possess healthy along with safety duties just like those of employers. This reflects that, in order for employees and employers to work together, good safety management is fundamental. Essentially, it is important for every manager to consider that employees are human beings who deserve to be treated well. Ironically, this is not always the case; the management team a time, makes decisions without considering feedbacks from employees. For instance, there may be the rule and regulations that may lead to uncomfortable lifestyle to employees. Such rules include no permission granted to the bereaved, pregnant women and a time during public holidays. If this is done, employees will not perform effectively in their work performance instead it will go to the extent of decreasing the overall turn over of the company. With this in mind, in the article Strategic context of external network Carpenter and Westephal (2001) argue that, directors should engage employees when making strategic decisions. Despite the fact that, the overall role of the manager is to control the entire organization in direction making, Carpenter and Westephal outline the need, implementing strategic changes in cases where employees disagree with policies imposed. This becomes a challenge in cases when the manager is the dictator in that he will demand things to be done in his best opinion without considering employees reaction.

In reality, every company should be in a position to accommodate every religion and spirituality within the workplace as argued by Ray and Cash (2000). It is with no doubt that, practicing religion demand the management to provide every employee with rights for freedom. For instance, Muslim demands quality during Ramadan to pray.  This becomes a challenge in the aspect where the manager may not recognize this as the important aspect to perform at the work place. Although this has been a continuous debate to whether all employees should be given employees to exercise the religion rights despite the differences, majority have affirmed that, it is important all religions to be recognized. With this in mind, a good manager ought to consider religion festivals that occur occasionally in various religions when making decisions. In such a case, the manager can decide to give Muslims a break of some hours to pray during Ramadan season and Easter holiday. If this is done, it will effectively balance all religions without violating freedom of worship. With this in mind, managers should be in a position to exercise their managerial prerogative considering interference from various religion festivals to express freedom of religion among employees.

In conjunction with this, the managerial team should consider that, employees are human beings and not machine. On the contrary, this is not always the case. With this regard, Dobbin and Sutton (1998) argue that, there should be benefits that create employee rights concerning the duration they work, healthy and safety among others. This helps in ensuring that employees are not working like slaves. Therefore, it important for every manager to ensure that, duration of work done by the employee should align with prospective salary. Although in some cases, employees opt to work overtime; mostly, there is an increment in salary. This implies that, managers should consider some few aspects when giving out salary. In this regard, trade unions intervene in ensuring that, employees acquire salary that suits their capability. It is ironically for an individual to work for almost the entire day and acquire a quarter of the salary achieved in other companies doing similar work. Although a time it depends with education background, it is important for managers considering the duration that employees work to come up with best salary that suit the capability. With this in mind, it is important for the manager or business owners to exercise managerial prerogative on the kind of work done by employees (Burchanan, 1974).

In conclusion, it is important for every manager to be equipped with skills that ensure favorable working environment. As discussed in this paper, it is with no doubt that, managers should be in a position to exercise their duties excepting interference from other actors that include State, Employees and trade unions. With this regard, this paper has sought to analyze that; managers should be in a position to exercise their managerial prerogative with interference from State, trade unions and employees.

 

 

References

Burchanan, B. (1974). Building Organizational Commitment: The Socialization of Managers in     Work Organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly 19 (4) 533-546

Campbell, I. (1996). Casual Employment, Labor Regulation and Australian Trade Unions. The     Journal of Industrial Relations 38 (4) 571-599

Carpenter,M.A.,& Westphal,J.D. (2001). The strategic context of external network ties:

Dobbin, F.,& Sutton, R.J. (1998). The Strength of a Weak State: The Rights Revolution and         Rise of Human Resources Management Divisions. The American Journal of Sociology
104 (2) 441-476

Eisenhardt,K.M. (1989). Making Fast Strategic Decisions in High-Velocity Environments. The     Academy of Management Journal, 32 (3) 543-576

examining the impact of director appointments on board involvement in the strategic         decision making. Academy of Management Journal, 4 (4) 639-660

Ray,G.R.,& Cash, C.K. (2000). A framework for religion and spirituality in the workplace. The    Academy of management Executive, 14 (3) 124-134

Ruh, A.R., & Siegel, A.L. (1973). Job involvement, participation in decision making, personal      background and job behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior and Human          Performance, 9 (2) 318-327

Simon, H.A. (1987). Making Management Decisions: The Role of Intuition and Emotion. The      Academy of Management Executive, 1 (1) 57-64

 

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El Cortito Case Study

Introduction

            In essence, Douglas Murray is bestselling author and journalist in London. In facts, he has written numerous publications among it the abolition of El Cortito. With no doubt; Douglas Murray existing document is more efficient in analyzing the process through, which farm tools and short-handled weed symbolized the mistreatment of California farmers (Murray 496). With this and many more, this paper seeks to analyze the El Cortito Case Study based on personal reactions towards the article.

With no doubt; the Abolition of the Short-Handled Hoe is coherent in the sense that,  Murray has effectively analyzed the process of simple farm tool and short levered hoe that in facts, symbolized mistreatment of farm workers in California, which served as the focal point for the successful social movement. Based on my personal perceptive, the article fathoms great understanding on farm laborers for weeding crops and thinning. Murray outline that, in the early 20^th century, short-handled became the core tool for most farm laborers foe weeding crops along with thinning. Interestingly, many farmers claimed it as more efficient and accurate compared to the long-handled hoe. His emphasize on the abolition of el-cortito is fathomable in the sense that, he relates the facts to sociology highlighting that, its abolition is an exemplar of the way social problems are solved in Arena State. With these facts, the reader understands how state policy affects the sources of social conflict.

Subsequently, while reading the article abolition of the short-handled Hoe Murray, my knowledge on short handed hoe has increased. Despite other researchers pointing out on the short-handled, Murray report is overwhelming in the sense that, the article outlines degeneration of spine as the effect that emerged from using Short-handled. Arguing from Murray point of view, many people used the short-handled hoe despite the risk awareness that emerges. To approve this point, the author has gone a head to highlight that, in 1920s, the farm workers were desperate in poverty to the extent, and many people that flocked in California did any work to earn a living. This seems to align with social experts, who outline poverty to be a critical issue that makes people do any work despite the lower ages (Murray 498).

Murray has gone a head to analyze changes that took place after the short-handled was proscribed. As outlined in the article, farm workers conditions improved to the extent, there have been few injuries reports on workers compensation claims. The conditions improved as a result, of the civil rights been in full swing. Subsequently, this was caused by the united farm workers who as a result, of being organized improved the workers conditions through ensuring safety protection (Murray In sum, the article has effectively discussed the impacts of occupation hazards thus, creating awareness to the reader on the importance of emphasizing on occupation hazard. With no doubt; readers of this article regard the need for having tools that enhance occupation safety as significant in eradicating danger, employees’ health and freedom. These facts are derived in the article in an attempt of highlighting how California highly regards workers rights such as freedom, health and nature of employment found in section 6306 (a). With this in mind, the article creates the need for enhancing social movement as symbolized in the exploitation of farm workers who later were successful.  With this in mind, this paper has analyzed the El Cortito Case Study based on reactions towards the article.

Work cited

Murray, Douglas. “The abolition of el cortito, the short-handled hoe: A case study in the social     conflict and state policy in California agriculture.” Social Problems 30, 6 (1982):  487-           500.

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