Category: Samples

Cell phone

Effects of talking on a cell phone while driving.

The use of mobile phones when driving has been common in many people. Despite the fact of how dangerous it is, many people still debate on whether it is right to use cell phones when driving. Many countries have enacted laws that ban handheld mobile phone use. In some cases, restrictions are directed to those who are newly qualified drivers. On the contrary, some support the fact that, drivers should not be restricted from talking on a cell phone while driving. All these debates are important, however, each individual should be aware of the fact that, it is dangerous using a phone when driving. This paper aims at examining the effects of talking on a cell phone while driving.

Accidents

Lack of concentration

Hazardous to close relationship

The first effect it has is that, it can cause accidents. This is because, when dialing a phone, the driver becomes so engrossed in conversation such that, his focus on driving is distracted. As a result, safety of the people within that car along with those on the road is put in risk. Studies have shown that, (   )……..cell phone driving is the mos common factor that causes accidents. News reports have

 

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Edward Benjamin Britten

Introduction

            For many years, music has been outline as the art of form whose common elements are pitch, melody, rhythm and harmony. Music is an important aspect in many people and pleasant to listen. With this regard, Edward Benjamin Britten is among the most influential people that left a legacy in music. It is a well-documented fact; Britten interest in music is wide-ranging in that, he was a composer, pianist, conductor and an English composer. Studies indicate that, Britten produced music such as orchestral, solo vocal, choral, instrumental and chamber (Latham 26). Additionally, he is most remembered for having remarkable interest in writing music for amateur performers along children. With this regard, this paper seeks to discuss Benjamin Britten through analyzing his biography and the influence he had in music.

Biographical information

            It is a well-documented fact; was born on November 22, 1913 and died on December 4, 1976. According to Latham (23), Britten was born in Lowestoft, Suffolk as the youngest among the four siblings. With no doubt; his passion for music began at a tender age in the sense that, he began composing when he was six years and soon afterwards composed steadily until his death. Britten devoted much of his life in music in that; he studied music at Royal College in London whereby, he was taught by the best musicians in England such as John Ireland who was the composer and Arthur Benjamin as pianist. This increased his passion in music to the extent he won several awards for his composition while he was still in college.

Interestingly, before studying music he had composed large quantity of music. In 1935, Britten composed the GPO film unit, for theater groups, BBC Radio and for small groups in London. During that time, he met poet Auden who later gave Britten texts for numerous songs along with scripts that later provided guided Britten to come up with his own music. Latham (37) argue that, many of Britten produced the best music thus; his funs were impressed by his notable work. Most of Britten funs were amateur performers and children among others.

Style characteristics of Benjamin Britten and his output

            In facts, Benjamin Britten was an astonishing English composer who was a gifted pianist and conductor. With no doubt; his music portrayed excellence in composing for the GPO film unit and theaters groups in London. Music experts argue that, Britten performance expertise was impressive in addition; the variety of music he composed made him more outstanding in music (Craggs 35). In 1946, he effectively wrote ensemble music instrumental. In conjunction with this, he wrote over one hundred songs that were mainly organized in canticles song cycles. In this regard, he arranged several folk songs which among them were the most popular compositions. Having so much credit in music, he was awarded many awards for giving his funs variations of each section of his orchestra that started with woodwind, string instruments, brass instruments and percussion. These variations of his orchestra reflected music development that he had undergone in his career.

Typically, Britten was an English composer distinguished in his generation. The root of his music was in East Anglia where he spent for thirty years. Its impact led him to write an opera, which as a result, distinct his modern style to appeal in general music public. His music was characterized by a number of aspects such as creativity and adaptation that included songs of diverse origins. He was a brilliant pianist committed to music performance, which was reflected in 1948 during Aldeburgh festival.

His most characteristic expression in music was reflected in his vocal music in a bitter war poem that was sung as the dedication of the reconstruction Coventry in England. Researchers argue that, he demonstrated his sensitivity in text, ground basses and dynamic dissonance along with variation techniques (Craggs 30). Additionally, Craggs argue that, Britten’s instrumental composed during his youth age, displayed the technical brilliance along with colorful orchestration. A notable example of his technical brilliance was found in 1946 where the film based on Purcell theme. With no doubt; Benjamin Britten has influenced music astonishingly to the extent, many have imitated him in his admirable aptness along with depth of the psychological characterization. It is with no doubt; Britten input of composition include is infinitive. Among his work include 6 Orchestras, 9 symphonies, 10 Sonatas, 5 Choral works, 5 folk songs arrangements and numerous of chamber music.

 

Brief review of Britten CD and Personal reaction

            According to Shin (1), the young person’s guide of the Orchestra, Op.34 is the best piece of the composer NY Britten in 1946. In essence, the orchestra instruments are remarkable directed by Mathieson Muir and conducted by Sargent Malcolm. In facts, it is best known piece mostly used in music education along with saint Saens. Surprisingly, the structure of this piece is based on a theme initially played in orchestral, woodwinds, brass, strings and percussion at the end. Music experts argue that, each variation features a particular instrument that moves from high to low in instrumental depth (Shin 1).  To make it more interesting, variations are played in a sequence order starting with woodwinds, strings, brass and ends with percussion. After the entire orchestra is taken to pieces, it is then reassembled in an original fugue that starts with piccolo and ends with percussion.

Additionally, Spring Symphony Op 44 outlines enthusiasm performance that attracts many listeners. In conjunction with this, it seems admirable in the sense that, it is represented in tonal works categorized in four movements, the first movement being in sonata form. Based on my point of view, Spring Symphony Op 44 is the best in the sense that, it is presented with enthusiasm. Additionally, the soloists are pretty good making the Britten recording more satisfying

Conclusion

            In facts, Edward Benjamin Britten is among the most influential person that left a remarkable legacy in music. As discussed in the paper, his music portrayed excellence in composing, pianist and in conducting. In addition, he was a brilliant pianist committed to music performance reflected in 1948 during Aldeburgh festival (Shin 1). Subsequently, the structure of his music is played in orchestral, woodwinds, brass, strings and percussion. With no doubt; Britten will be remembered in the music industry for his creativity and enthusiasm, which in essence attracts many listeners up to-date. In addition, a notable example of his technical brilliance was found in 1946 where the film based on Purcell theme. In facts, his Britten left a legacy in music. With this regard, this paper has discussed Benjamin Britten through analyzing his biography and the influence he had in music.

 

Work cited

Craggs, Stewart. Benjamin Britten: a bio-bibliography. New York: Greenwood Publishing            Group, 2002. Print

Latham, Alison. The Oxford companion to music. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.       Print

Shin, Elizabeth. Innovative Use of Technique in Benjamin Britten’s Cello Works: The        Inspiration of Mstislav Rostropovich:

<http://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/59> 2003

 

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Education

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            In essence, English language learners also known as limited English proficient must be given instructions designed for learning English with subject matter content in accordance with regulations and laws. In facts, English language learners are students that English is not their language, and for that reason, cannot do classroom work using English. Typically, there are challenges that English language learners experience since they come from diverse backgrounds resulting to students not being fluent in grammar structures and nuances. Often, most English language learners take time mastering the second language thus, discourages many students for some end up thinking they are taking a long time studying the second language. My knowledge on second language acquisition has enabled me to understand that learning a second language is not an easy task and for that reason, requires a student who willing to embrace every challenge he or she encounters. With this regard, I interviewed a student who is taking an English language class to understand their learning experiences, and whether there are challenges that emerge from studying the language.

Jennifer, 23 is a Chinese student taking an English language class. Sabina outlined school to represents formidable tasks both academically and socially to students learning English language as the second language. In fact, she told me that, studying English language as the second language is not easy, and for that reason, teachers should have English content background for appropriate teaching experience and students to successfully learn English language at ease. She continued outlining that, learning English as the second language takes time as well as, dedication and these reasons would convince an individual to feel less successful. From her argument, studying English language as a second language is fun in that, English creates a platform for any individual to communicate effectively with one another globally. With such worth of English, she outlined to have been inspired to study English as a second language. Having known why she decided to study English; I went on by asking her some of the challenges she experiences while studying.  In this regard, she argued that, often, she feels less successful mostly attributed by the difficulties she encounter. She admitted that, she experiences inability to express ideas in the community attributed by being in a different culture.

In this context, she argued that, “there are differences in the communication styles along with preferences, and for that reason, makes learning difficult”. Jennifer went on by outlining that, “most individual constant sounds are difficult distinguishing especially to a student like me from a diverse background where English language is less recognized”. To clarify her point, she went on by outlining that, “being a Chinese, I have had difficulties distinguishing between [n] with [l]”. “My learning task is further complicated by the fact that, English language tends to has relatively to have a massive number of tense aspect forms in addition, differences in the progressive along with perfect progressive verbs”. She went on by emphasizing how stressful it is to study English as the second language in that, ‘there are differences between the spoken and the written language”. For culture differences, Jennifer outline to feel less successful attributed by the feeling of feeling less privileged when pronouncing some words that may be difficult to pronounce.

In conjunction with this, she outlines parents’ illiteracy in English to have impacted her to encounter difficulties in learning English as a second language thus, feeling less successful. She noted that, her parents are not fluent in English, and with this in mind, grew up with lack of knowledge in English. “If my parents were fluent in English I would not have encountered the difficulties that I do today”. While giving out her views regarding how parents’ illiteracy in English affected her to have problems in learning English, it grabbed my attention. I wondered how parents would affect student learning acquisition and having knowledge on how children acquire language from parents. With no doubt; she went on by outlining that, language is acquired and if parents would take an initiative of teaching their children English language they would not have problems communicating with one another globally. In facts, English is an international language and for that reason, parents should take an initiative of teaching students English.

Typically, Jennifer outlined cultural differences to cause misunderstanding between teachers and students of English language class. In this context, she outlined that, mostly, cultural cues in one culture represent something different in another culture. With this in mind, each culture tends to express itself differently both verbally and non-verbally. From her argument, many teachers fail to lack education about other cultures, and for that reason, hinder them from respecting their values and heritage. Ultimately, Jennifer outline lack of knowledge on different culture among teachers to cause low academic achievement in that, most students may lack a sense of worth thus, feeling less- successful.

In conclusion, the answers given by Jennifer were similar to what I leant in class. Answers given by Jennifer are honest in that, a student studying English language as the second language may feel less-successful; attributed by cultural differences, parents’ illiteracy level and differences in pronunciation.

 

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Economics

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            In essence, Rwanda is outline as the small landlocked country with a population density of almost three hundred and fifty residents per square meter. For many years, Rwanda has been outline to be amongst the least developed. With this in mind, Rwanda priority has been to rebuild and restructure its economy. It is a well-documented fact; since the tragic genocide in 1994, Rwanda suffered from economic consequences. Nevertheless, the country government has worked hard to enhance a stable economy. Studies outline that, since 1994, Rwanda has instigated a broad economic restructuring agenda through providing the macroeconomic stability, establishing better financial institutions, repairing infrastructure and developing the capacity of human resource (National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, 2008). The main purpose for building such reforms have been to eradicate poverty and enhance growth. Rwanda government efforts have been to achieve progress in reducing poverty from 60.3 % to 32.5. With no doubt; since 1994, there is a considerable scope for increase in exports thus, achieving the goal of poverty reduction. Overwhelmingly, trade has become the driving aspect for the country thus; increasing the country economic growth. With this regard, this paper seeks to analyze Rwanda economic growth over the past ten years.

IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF RWANDA FOR THE PAST TEN YEARS AND THE MAJOR TRADING PARTNERS

In facts, for the past ten years, Rwanda has made a remarkable development from genocide to peace and economy development. Researchers outline that, the key elements of the macroeconomic stabilization have been achieved through most sectors of economy been recovered (Bernan Press, 2004). With no doubt; much of the growth rate for the past ten years has been much above the Rwanda historical growth rates. The rapid economic growth has been due to large aid inflows, agriculture yields and investments. Nevertheless, the annual average inflation in 2000-2003 decreased from 8 % to 4 % because of drought. In conjunction with this, Rwanda exports remained very low.

Imports

            It is borne in mind; the main import commodities are computers, motor vehicles, petroleum oils, pharmaceutical products, cement, cereals, sugar and electrical machines among others. It is a well-documented fact; Rwanda’s imports are mainly from Africa, Europe, North America, Asia and Middle East.

Imports Data

All figures are in millions dollars

 

Exports

In essence, the Rwanda top five exports commodities are tea, coffee and minerals mainly tantalum, tin ores and niobium. ‘The commodities are mainly exported in South Africa, Kenya, China, Thailand and Malaysia.

Exports Data

 

Trading Partners of Rwanda for ten years in millions

 

Interpretation of the data

As outline in the data, Rwanda imports are mainly fertilizer products, Cereals, Pharmaceuticals and sugar. On the other hand, the main exports are tea and coffee, which presents the highest figure in the data. In the nominal term, Rwanda trade growth increased from 26.4% to approximately 31.2% from 2007 to 2008. Tea and coffee exports performed well because of the good rain that had occurred in 2008. In conjunction with this, there was a poor harvest caused by lack of rain. Subsequently, the mineral sector obtained high exports earnings that was due to the high demand of Tin and Coltan from the Chinese.

With this in mind, Imports products require the involvement of customs authorities of the trading partners. In essence, the Rwanda trade imports are much higher than exports. The Rwanda economy is based on small agricultural products, minerals and beverages among others. Studies outline that, the overall agriculture products exports is 45 % and 30 % of minerals (National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, 2008). From the data interpretation, Rwanda continues to face challenges on imports being higher than exports thus, affecting economy health. With no doubt; lack of economic diversification of various productions beyond coffee, tea and minerals makes the country vulnerable to the market fluctuations.

This assumption is best explained in Absolute advantage theory. Under Absolute advantage theory; there should be a balance of trade that involves differences of value between total exports with the total imports of the nation for a given period of time. With this regard, the Absolute advantage theory outlines that; when imports exceed exports there is trade deficit (Subramanian, 2000). In conjunction with this, under the mercantilism; the favorable balance of trade is regarded as an absolute necessity. On the other hand, classical economics prefer the aspect of a country utilizing its economic resources fully instead of building the trade surplus.

 

 

Rwanda trade policy

            Studies outline Rwanda as a country that has taken various reforms concerning its economy since 1994 (Subramanian, 2000). With this regard, Subramanian argue that, since 1994, there have been significant progresses in the trade liberalization through a decline of custom duty rates. Nevertheless, based on the 2007 MFN Tariff Trade Restrictiveness Index (TTRI, Rwanda has experienced trade barriers more than its comparators. Under this context, Rwanda TTIR is 16.2% above the Sub-Saharan Africa in addition, an average of 11.3% low income nation group.

In facts, Rwanda began liberalizing the agricultural sector in 1998, and since then, the tariff protection has changed to 12.9% compared to 17.4% of non-agricultural sector. In conjunction this, economics experts argue that, the average of MFN of Rwanda in tariff has decreased from 18.74 to 18.6% from 2006 to 2008 (Rwanda Craft Industry sector strategic plan, 2009).  In essence, the maximum applied tariff is 30% excluding tobacco and alcohol, while trade policy is 70.8% measured between the bound and the applied tariffs. In facts, Rwanda reduced its tariff rates in 2009 after its government adopted the East African Community (EAC) in the 2009 fiscal year budget.  It is a well-documented fact; the maximum tariff decrease by 25%.

Typically, Rwanda decreased its taxes on the imported foodstuff in 2008 because of food crisis that had become a great concern. Additionally, the country introduced the market based subsidy policy that aimed at promoting the fertilizer usage. With no doubt; this improved the country productivity, which as a result, contributed to the domestic output in 2008.

 

Trade Barriers

            There are various trade barriers faced by Rwanda. This is proved by the aspect of exports being less than imports thus; affecting the overall economy. First, researchers outline that, Rwanda seem to some extent lack the economic diversification beyond tea, minerals and coffee. As a result, the country has become vulnerable to the market fluctuations (Rwanda Craft Industry sector strategic plan, 2009). With this regard, many assume there would be a significant growth in Rwanda if the country would look beyond their current exports. Second, there are barriers of high cost of electricity at about 24.7cents per Kilowatt hours outline as the most expensive globally. With no doubt; this hinders the country from effectively trading with other countries due to lack of enough resources to enhance effective production. This is a critical issue experienced by many companies in Rwanda in that, many ends up using high cost of electricity during production thus; affecting the overall cost of products. It is borne in mind; the high cost of power and limited availability of power continues to impede the growth of the manufacturing stability (Bernan Press, 2004).

Thirdly, Rwanda traders’ experiences transport barriers thus, hindering effective transportation of imports and exports. With no doubt; transportation cost is high, and as a result, burdens many that cannot afford to pay the cost. In conjunction with this, there are no developed railway systems for the port access to Kenya or Tanzania. As a result, this hinders many trading partners that would want to trade with Rwanda.

Fourthly, the country seems to lack freedom of press to extent; for a long time, there have not been a government operated television station in addition, most newspapers publishing weekly. As a result, this denies many traders to freely exchange ideas in addition, hinders them from knowing how traders from other countries handle trading issues and challenges. Fifthly, Political instability is a threat for Rwanda trading partners in the sense that, many people outline Rwanda as country that lack peace uncertainty as a result of the tragedy that occurred in 1994. With this regard, the 1994 tragedy that occurred in Rwanda has imposed fear to many thus; creating barrier to trade.

Sixthly, poverty has been an issue in Rwanda to the extent of being categorized among the poorest countries. In this regard, poverty being a critical issue in Rwanda thus creating barriers in investing in trade. It is borne in mind; an economy that has poverty cycle there are many low income earners thus, leading to low investments and savings. Low investment causes low levels of production. This has become a core barrier in the sense that; despite the country willing to trade with other countries doing better in trade find it challenging to partner in trade due to lack of enough resources. As a result, this hinders the country from getting quality resources.

Seventhly, there are barriers of cultural and social aspects brought by the two main ethnicities Hutus and Tutsi. In facts, the 1994 tragedy was due to the genocide exorcised by Hutu who dominated the government. With no doubt; there is a core barrier for economic progress caused by lack of unity of the two ethnic groups. This is a barrier to Rwanda in the sense that, there is no trust between the two tribes thus creating barrier for effective trading.

Eighthly, corruption has become a core issue in Rwanda to the extent; there is unequal distribution of income that goes only to the rich consumers. Under this context, this becomes a barrier in trade in the sense that, without equal distribution of income, the poor live below poverty with many lacking money to spend. Lack of progress in trade is often caused by lack of equal distribution.

IS RWANDA A MEMBER OF THE WTO AND/OR A MEMBER OF A PREFERENTIAL TRADING ARRANGEMENT WITH OTHER COUNTRIES?

Studies outline that, in accord with the WTO Agreement, a state can only belong to one custom union with only one set of external tariffs and duties (US Census Bureau, 2011). With no doubt; Rwanda is a member of WTO and in pursuant to its rules; Rwanda allows MFN treatment to its trading partners since 1996. In conjunction with this, the country is also a member of preferential trading with other countries particularly: under the European Union trade agreements. Subsequently,

Rwanda trade pattern and policies

            According to Subramanian (2000), a trade policy is a significant component of Rwanda economic policy. In facts, the country trade policy is governed by the ministry of industry, commerce, Tourism, Promotion and Cooperatives. The Rwanda government involves private sectors in trade policy issues ensured through public-private partnership forum. The mechanism was put to enhance collaboration of public and private sector. In conjunction with this, there is a federation of Rwanda private sector that act as an umbrella organization of business chambers.

Typically, Rwanda is a trading country that has relatively low tariffs with few non tariff barriers. In this regard, the country encourages private sector to compete internationally and regionally. In addition, there are strategic objectives of increasing the common exports such as coffee, tea, tourism and minerals. Subsequently, there are policies of diversifying exports in business processing outsourcing, milk and minerals; coordinated by Rwanda development board. Under this context, the board plays a fundamental role of implementing trade policy with an aim to promote exports along with industrial development. In addition, there are patterns of increasing the quality and quantity of investments as a vital aspect of dealing with the supply- side constraints closely tied to industrial development policy. Other trade policies include facilitating trade standards that include negotiations of trade agreements in the market access through eradicating non-tariff barriers. In conclusion, there is trade capacity development, which aims at improving the business environment.

 

References

Bernan Press. (2004). Trade Policy Review, Rwanda. Kigali: World Trade Organization

National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda. (2008). Trade:    <http://statistics.gov.rw/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=148&Itemid=19         5>

US Census Bureau. (2011). Trade in Goods with Rwanda:

<http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/balance/c7690.html>

Rwanda Craft Industry sector strategic plan. (2009).            <http://www.primature.gov.rw/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gi        d=884&Itemid=95>

Subramanian,A. (2000). Trade and trade policies in eastern and southern Africa. New York: nternational             Monetary Fund

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Research Paper on Effects of Divorce problem in children: How to solve the problem

 

 

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Introduction

Divorce has become a major problem in the society. In many countries for divorce to take place it requires the sanction of the court or other legal process which involve the issues of child support, distribution of property, spousal support and division of debt. Many individuals consider divorce as unmitigated evil in the society. Few people consider it as being the right thing to do when marriage is not working out. In the United State idea still prevails that for only one reason should divorce be granted that is in unfaithfulness. Divorce cases have had a lot of effects on societal operations, family and children in the current world.  It has affected children psychologically (Stewart, pp 10).

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to help the society deal with divorce cases. It is with deep concern, significant to understand that divorce has negative repercussion on victims affected. Some scholars have argued that even though divorce cases have negative effects it has its importance. Stewart (pp15) argued that, divorce can be granted in cases of unfaithfulness. When condition of unfaithfulness becomes unbearable the partner should opt for divorce. This poses a critical shortcoming that one or the unhappy wedded pair may give this cause for divorce thus choosing to bear with the stigma of divorce instead of enduring the marital unhappiness. This gives the reason as to why this paper is recommended in putting the problems that divorce cause and by giving the solutions will be beneficial.

 

 

Problem with Divorce

Divorce is one of the greatest themes in literature. Marriage is something that the society hold dear and it is more than a contract between spouses. Divorce is a traumatic experience for all children in spite of their age along with development level. The pain experienced at the beginning of divorce by children is usually composed by sense of helplessness as the family separates. Studies have shown that, 10% of children do not realize that their parent marriage is in danger (Stewart, pp52). These children are likely to experience sleepless night and fear of separations of their parent’s separation is common. Anger along with feeling of powerlessness is common impact in their emotional response. There is a greater tendency of children attempting to take care of their parents needs in cases where parent may not be financially stable. Adolescents are prone to be affected on their parents’ divorce leading to depression, suicidal ideation and sometimes developing violent behaviors. Many adolescents may become fearful of their future love as well as marital relationships (Weiten, pp100). Divorce has effect on parent and child relationship. Most mothers experience disorganization, anger, lowering the expectations appropriate for social behavior of their children. In changes that may occur after divorce the child oftentimes becomes responsible for their parent and any psychological effect in their parent may also affect them. Several studies show that, in 1970s the divorce rates increased rapidly. It was thought that divorce have effect on children academics, distress, behavior problems along with delinquency (Weiten, pp120). With the impact that divorce has on children we cannot ignore the problem. Solution for divorce are worth coming up with.

Solution to the problem

One of the first steps towards solution of divorce problem is a better understanding of marriage that involves its physiological basis along with its demand for mental companionship and harmony. If two parties understand this basics it will be worth enduring marriage rather that opting for divorce that will end up causing problems. When physical union is being thought-out before marriage, the cases of divorce will be few for the partners will choose to endure marriage. When the principle along with importance of self-control in sex matters is passed on in early childhood, fewer cases of marital infidelity will take place. As a result of putting proper safeguards in marriage, one will be in a position to see how divorces cases may be reduced (Michael, pp120). Individuals that have not married shouldn’t rush to marriage if they find themselves dissatisfied with each other. If they happen to do so, they might end up experiencing divorce and the action would have been avoided. For partners that have children, yet they feel that they cannot be together for the sake of their children they should make effort to be harmonious as possible for the sake of their children. Whatever the differences may be along the line of separation, should not be enemies instead should choose to be kind with each other as the remedy for raising their children in love although separately. As argued by   (Michael, pp130) that Human beings require family and companionship the society should not condemn victims facing the problem of marriage after divorce rather it should embrace them with love.

The consequences of divorce affect the child in all aspects of his life. There is need for child mental health in addition to other child specialist to offer sufficient support for children in all aspect of their lives. This include: psychological part, emotional and poor performance among others.

Conclusion

Having carefully analyzed the impact of divorce in children, it can be concluded that divorce is one of critical problem that require solution. All these are in line of making marriages stable and overcoming divorce in the society. With the help of this research, I will prove that, the solutions given will be beneficial in avoiding divorce cases. (Michael, pp150)

 

 

 

Bibliography

Michael, J. Marriage, divorce, and the abandoned wife in Jewish law: a conceptual understanding of the agunah problems in America. KTAV Publisher: Vol 197 pp50-150, 2001

Stewart, A.  Divorce: Causes and Consequences. Yale University Press: Vol 368 pp 1-100, 2007

Weiten, W. Psychology Applied to Modern Life: Adjustment in the 21st Century. Cengage Learning Publisher: Vol 648 pp 100-236, 2008

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Disney Company

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How the skill for a successful manager at Disney have changed over the decades

            For many years, the Walt Disney Company has been in existence, it has been outlined as the largest media of entertainment globally in terms of revenue. The company has been most associated with products of films studio. Disney has been famous for the influence he had in entertainment field in the 20^th century. For the past decades, the skills for a successful manager at Disney have changed in that many have ended being creative, producing quality work, ability to enhance teamwork, effective communication and cooperation.

First, there have been demonstrations of strong morals purpose of working hard to make differences in the lives of everyone in the Walt Disney production. Disney was one of the leaders that worked hard in making his employees motivated.  One of the tools he used was, he knew each employee by name and ironically, he insisted to his employees to refer him by name when addressing him but not by his title. Many employees could confide with him easily and as a result motivated many to be productive in the country. In addition, he helped employees to learn more about animation, and this was achieved by attending art schools at his expense. As a result, many employees were grateful and as a result, it enhanced teamwork.

Secondly, under the leadership of Eisner that Disney developed into entertainment conglomerate. Currently, Eisner has transformed Disney into creativity learning organization by focusing on the major brand together with the use it has on corporate synergy. This concept is what has transformed their products into becoming popular products in the new media. As a result, this tool reinforced relationship among divisions (Samson & Daft, 2009).

Why it is critical for Disney to be a learning organization?

            Learning organizations are organizations, which facilitate learning of its members and ceaselessly transforming it. It is characterized by the involvement of total employees in the process of conducting change that is directly towards shared principles and values. It is critical for Disney to be a learning organization in that, this will provide a continuous learning opportunities in addition, offers warm vision of work place through which staff members will share knowledge with the employees.

Through organizational learning it will energized a committed work force, which as a result will increase the ability for the need of innovation because there will be a playground for creative ideas. Additionally, it will generate a safer environment through which people will take risks with new approaches with behaviors required in stretching beyond perceived limits in making Disney becoming more successful. This will be achieved by the fact that, learning organization will ensure that everyone’s opinion is valued without considering the position held in the organization. This will assist employees to anticipate in creating change desired by the organization. Consequently, employees will have a sense of company ownership since their contributions will be highly regarded. Moreover, this will make employees have fun reporting in work place.

A learning organization will ensure strategic alignment between customer needs, individual learning, and organizational goals along with resources allocations. This may be effective particularly in clarifying the mission of Disney, when assessing the current state of the company on internal and external threats as well as opportunities. In conjunction with this, it will attribute to effective communication in that it will ensures information in the firm is accessible to every member in the organization.

Management skills that Michael Eisner brought to Disney

            One of the fundamental management skills that Eisner brought to Disney was effective media leadership style. He understood and embraced the process of change. He strongly understood that, in order for Disney Company to continue progressing, it required some innovation in the production. This was evident in his willingness to innovate technologies in which it later developed the field. He revamped the company, rejuvenated the movie studio, and made Disney into a television powerhouse. The television show was therefore used in marketing the Disneyland along with its upcoming feature of films.

Secondly, he was dedicated in ensuring that all employees understood the importance of Disney culture. He highly understood the importance of creating awareness for employees to know more about the company. First, he created a training program at Disney that aimed at educating employees on the Company history and what the company intended to achieve in future. Consequently, the organization culture was tool that directed many employee in performing their duties in addition, being equipped on the company objectives.

Eisner was very creative in that, he created the Disney brand and preserved the corporate values on creativity entrepreneurship and teamwork. During his leadership, improvement in work performance and total profits was established. Substantially, he viewed creativity as the predominate factor of making the company improve in terms of revenues. Within fifteen years, the company revenues had increased swiftly from a total of $ 1.65 billion to $ 25 billions. Additionally, the net earning rose from $I billion to $1.2 billion. As a result, the company was known globally for the progress it had done.

He took various projects in hand and used them as examples on how his employees should meet challenges. As a way of developing pride of Disney tradition, he ordered his new employees and executives to dress up like characters of the theme park. Although it offended employees, studies have shown that, it enhanced pride through knowing more of Disney culture. In addition, he effectively ensured his employees to come up with appropriate ideas through discussions. This enabled the team to be more focused and thus moved into positive direction.

 

How Eisner skills are effective in currently

            On my point of view, the skills of Michael Eisner are still effective currently. For an organization to be successful, the manager should desire to have a strong team in that it will ensure delegation of duties. Managers that choose to work with a team have been said to be more successful at work place and this effectively result to improvement in terms of production and work performance. Secondly, it is a requirement for every member to create a productive environment. Although this is a challenge for many managers in today’s environment, directors are emphasized to come up with approaches that would create environment. Failure to this would lead to stagnation thus not making progress. Additionally, it is essential for every manager in the modern environment to be a role model and mentor. Just like Eisner, managers should ensure that staff members have suitable training and tools to be able to perform work effectively (Samson & Daft, 2009).

 

References

Samson, D. & Daft, R. L. (2009).  Management. South Melbourne, Australia: Cengage Learning

 

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Introduction

In the early history, the searches for characteristics of leaders have been going on for centuries. The view on leadership trait of theory was explored in a number of works in the early century. Different researches were being conducted on proposing the characteristics that distinguish non leaders from leaders (Owen, pp10). The differences were based on the intelligence, dominance, self confidence and integrity just to name a few. This paper focus at looking at the similarities and differences that were assigned by John Kennedy and George Bush on the basis of leadership styles, views on freedom, justice and equality.

Leadership styles

1. a.      .J.F Kennedy

One of the most things that J.F Kennedy is remembered from, is his vision concerning the American space program that was based on authoritative leadership. In 1962, while he was speaking to the Race University he said that, the United States would choose to go to the moon and do things that seem to be hard so as to serve and make the country grow. In his speech he pointed that, he is willing to accept the challenge without postponing anything that will benefit the country. He rose to prominence and power in his ruling (John, et al pp50). His political rivals were baffled along with infuriated by his success in leadership. Throughout his life, he treated every challenge as an opportunity to learn and turned them to his advantage. His ability to stand up for adversity motivated many to emulate him (John, pp48). John Kennedy was the most charismatic president in the United States. Due to his charismatic style of leadership, he was thought as a hero that used his effort in showing other individuals direction. His heroism during World War II is well documented in making an impact. His leadership during the crisis with world III led him to be given credit over advancing the cause of civil rights. Even though he ruled for less than three years, he accomplished a lot thus viewed as an effective leader that would likely be a greater leader if he was re-elected.

 

1. b.      George Bush

He was a dictator leader that sets his eye on doing what needed to be done without considering other people opinion. He was never influenced by what people viewed on his administration team. For instance, in 1989 the State Department Officials informed the secretary for States on how Iraq was working on biological weapons and the terrorist were operating out of Iraq. The Defense Intelligence gave the report to Bush warning on operating with Iraq. In contrary, the Bush permitted the company to function despite the warning he was given. He signed a “National Security Directive” gave Saddam more aid and contributed to a close relationship with Iraq. This contributed to Iraq attacking the country with bombs.

Views on Equality

1. a.      J.F KENNEDY

When he took the oath for the presidency, he believed his attention was to major on the cold war along with protecting the country through not promoting federal protection for civil rights. Although he recognized on the aspect of ignoring the civil rights movement, he believed on ending racial discrimination. He ensured equal rights for black Americans that later helped in ending racial discrimination. In his short presidency, he initiated legislation that helped in eliminating social injustice for African Americans. He argued the American people to support him in ensuring the country has equality irrespective of race, religion or color of the skin. John Kennedy initiated the Peace Corps that have up to date been successful in encouraging students to serve and study in foreign countries. In his entire ruling, equality was the major aspect that involved having the essential rights, ensuring each individual live in safety and happiness. He argued that, his purpose in leadership is to ensure that individual should be distributed the possessions and properties equally. He called for examination that reminded his country that it was founded upon equality. He brought healing after one hundred years of freeing the slaves.

1. b.      George Bush

George backed equality as a strong aspect that can contribute to the country development. He ensured that all people were treated equally and were given their rights. He however pointed that, the individuals that do not portray their behaviors in the right manner should not be treated equally. Speaking in favor of marriage equality, gay marriages should not be supported equally as marriages that belong to the opposite sex. In terms of equality, he prohibited these members to be treated equally. He believed that individuals in the community have misunderstood equality in that; they treat all individuals equally without considering their terms of behavior (Hughes,et all pp 30).

Views on freedom
       a. J.F Kennedy  

He was the man that defended freedom. By establishing the Peace Corps he ensured total freedom that contributed to the community development. In establishing Peace Corps he intended to make full use of resources along with talents of private institutions to have freedom in the entire society. He ensured that, every American that participated in the Peace Corps shared the great common task of bringing people to decent way of life that is the foundation of freedom along with condition of peace.

 

        b. George Bush

George contributed in ensuring the country attain freedom. According to his opinion, Freedom was the key thing that would make the nation prosper and grow tremendously. Without freedom United States could have been the most miserable country. However, he pointed that individuals should not be given the freedom of choosing what they want. In other words, he objected the fact that not all choices that individuals do should be embraced or given freedom. For instance, gay members were not given the rights to exercise freedom instead he suggested on denying them freedom (Hughes,et all pp 30).

View on Justice

1. a.      J.F. Kennedy

Kennedy made it clear that he was the supporter of civil rifts that would ensure justice.  He recognized that he needed the black vote if he was to defeat Nixon. In 1960, he made it clear that discrimination had affected the American community. He created the commission on equal employment opportunity (CEEO) that ensured all individuals had equal employment opportunities. Nevertheless, CEEO was only concern with the individuals that were already employed and did nothing to employ African Americans. Being a politician, he was aware that justice involved the amount of time being spent on issues of civil rights in settling down the differences. (Schnelle, et al pp56).

 

 

 

 

1. George Bush

In 1963, Washington was opposed by Kennedy in that he believed that any march that was done during his presidency would point out that, the leaders of civil rights would be critical on his standpoint on civil rights (Hughes,et all pp 40).

Conclusion

            In political science, historical ranking of the John F. Kennedy with George W. Bush are surveys that were being conducted in order to construct the ranking focus on the presidential achievements on their views on equality, freedom, justice and how each leader ruled. This knowledge help the modern leaders to emulate some aspect of leadership that is vital and correcting what they never did wisely (Schnelle, et al pp58).

 

 

References

Hughes J, Holly O, Hughes J. The leadership of George Bush: an insider’s view of the forty-first president. Texas Publishers: pp1-38, 2009. Print

John, A. John F. Kennedy on Leadership: The Lessons and Legacy of a President. Amacon publisher: pp1-100, 2007. Print

Schnelle, N. John F. Kennedy and the New Frontier – The Rhetoric and the Political Results. Grin publisher: pp10-170, 2007. Print

Owen J. The Leadership Skills Handbook. Kogan publisher: pp15-95, 2007. Print

 

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Research on Deviances

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Abstract

It is well acknowledged that, deviances are occasionally committed by many societies. It is borne in mind; deviance is a violation of social norms. In this regard, many have outlined great concern regarding how beliefs and actions come to be deviant. Actually, devices are mostly observed through stigmatizing social reaction, criminal behavior and negative reaction towards various beliefs like homosexuality. Deviance changes with time and place because; what is considered abnormal in one society may be non-deviant in another.

 

 

1.0  INTRODUCTION

In essence, deviances have been outlined to be the problem occurring in most societies. Deviances in the sociological context describe behaviors and actions, which infringe cultural forms for instance crime and violation of social norms for instance, rejecting mores or folkways. The word deviance is derived in the word deviate that means to deviate. In this preview, there have been concerns on the negative impact that deviant behavior has to the perpetrator and the society. Researchers argue that, the perpetrator may end up spending his entire life in jail in addition, the society may a time exclude the victim from social interactions (Bailey, 1980).  In this regard, this paper seeks to discuss deviance in sociology approach.

2.0  STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

For many years, issues related to deviance have been sidelined. It is borne in mind that, many societies have outlined deviance to be undesirable to the society. Many people within the society end up violating norms in the society and; as a result, they are disapproved in the society. For a long time, the concept of deviance has been complex. What a group considers acceptably may seem deviant to another. For instance, in some parts of Muslim Africa, Malaysia and Indonesia; women are circumcised. However, in America, female circumcisions seem deviant. In this regard, some form of deviance results to shame, humiliation and disrespect. These include murder, child molestation, female circumcision, incest and rape.

2.1SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY

The study is worth studying because, its outcome would help individual know the impacts, forms and causes of deviance. The study will assist the government to intervene to intervene in fighting deviance in the society set up. These will assist to come up with the solutions over deviances.

2.2 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1. What causes deviance?

2. What are effects of deviance?

3. What measures reduce deviance?

3.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

For the past years, there have been continuous debates on the effects of deviance. Researchers argue that, deviance may have both positive and negative effects (Bailey, 1980).  Bailey argues that, although deviance weaken social norms; it is beneficial to the society. First, it is through deviance; changers occur. For instance, in 1980s and 1980s, most companies had dress codes for their employees. Currently, many American organizations have done away with a business suit and many restaurants are not concentrating so much on a dressing code.  Other studies argue that, through deviances, people adjust to change (Becker, S.H. (1997). It offers alternative lifestyle, behavior and styles of dressing.

On the contrary, in the article constructive and destructive deviance in organizations 2003, Warren argues that, deviances have a negative effect in an organization. He emphasizes that, because of infringing organizations rules and regulations; may destroy a firm. These behaviors may be functional disobedience, temper radicalism and dissent. As a result, it may lead to low work performance and productivity. Other studies conquer on that, deviances may affect the firm performance if an individual deviates from the unauthorized tasks that may harm the firm reputation for instance hiding the firm losses reports (Becker, 1997).

Additionally, deviances may influence the society in that, many may end up deviating from the norms of the society (Bailey, 1980). With this regard, the old aged group may feel sidelined by various deviances, which may not align with the traditional customs.

3.0  Hypothesis

 

1. Does deviances deviate the society rules and regulations
2. To measure whether deviances causes dreadful behaviors in the society

Two data will be collected to answer the questions. These include secondary and primary data. The primary data will be assessed directly from the society. The data will be collected using questionnaires. Questions will be asked to the Mountain View society. These questions will include the most common deviances in society, the most age affected, how it influences the individual behavior, what attributes to deviances and the measures that can be used to control deviances.

4.0  THE FINDINGS

The results indicated that, the most common deviances in the society involve deviating norms of the society. A large number confessed that, it lead to dreadful behaviors in the society. The old confessed that, they feel offended by deviances since they seem to violate cultural norms. Many acclaimed that, deviances tend to influence people to commit a crime in the society. Many said that, the society should expose the community deviance.

From my point of view, the government should empower the community to discover their own solutions concerning various deviances that negatively affect the society. If the problem is not handled, many may end turning into crime behaviors that violate the society norms.

Conclusion

           As discussed in this paper, deviances tend to violate the society norms and regulations. The effects of deviances have tendencies of causing crime, affecting the firm performance and violate cultural norms (Bailey, 1980). Although deviances are beneficial in the sense of adjusting change, if overused can violate norms. This paper will therefore influence social policy, organizational policies and society to know the impacts of deviances. In this regard, this paper seeks to discuss deviance in sociology approach.

 

 

References

Bailey, J. (1980). Ideas and intervention: social theory for practice. New York: Routledge             Publisher

Becker, S.H. (1997). Outsiders: studies in the sociology of deviance. California: Simon and            Schuster Publisher

Warren, D. Constructive and destructive deviance in organizations. The Academy of         Management Review, 28 (4) 2003, 622-633

 

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Data warehousing

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Quintessentially, Data warehousing has been regarded as combining data from multiple with the usual varied sources into a comprehensive and an easy manipulated database (Rainardi, 2007). The most common systems of data warehousing consist of queries, reporting and analysis. For many years, data warehousing has been commonly used by many companies in analyzing business trends over time. There are foundations concepts required by business professionals while choosing data warehousing. One of the concepts includes database management.

According to Rainardi (2007), the database management approach involves effects of processing data and storage. Rainardi argues that, the data required by various applications are merged in addition, integrated into the common database as a replacement of being stored in many independent data files. In addition, database management approaches emphasizes on maintaining, updating the common database, having users application programs to share the data within the database and granting a reporting with inquiries response capability so that the final users can at ease acquire reports with swift responses in requests for information. Additionally, the basic concept includes storing data effectively in order to use it efficiently. With this in mind, it is worth noting that, ability of moving data from one place to another should be emphasized. In this regard, data requires to be moved from the place of destination, to a database and then to the final user, and this process requires time in making the logistics.

Operational Processing and informational processing

            The most important assets for any organization are information. The assets are always kept by operational processing. Operation processing has been outlined as the process through which data is kept in. Operational processing is usually designed to sustain high volume of transactions processing and minimal back-end reporting. They are generally process oriented which implies that it mainly focuses on business processes or else tasks. Some of these tasks include registration, billing among others.

Studies have also shown that, the processing is mostly concerns with current data that occur on daily basis (Prabhu, 2004). As a result, data within operational processing are updated occasionally based on the requirements. In addition, they are optimized to perform moderately small volumes of data with fast inserts.

On the contrary, informational processing is regarded as the change processing of information in which is detectable by the observer. In this regard, it entails changing the form of presentation of the text file from a digital computer system. Information processing consists of four basic parts. These include input, storage, processor and output. These steps are required in that, when dealing with information, it requires a process of acquiring, retaining in addition, and using information as the concept referred as informational processing. As the name suggests, it stores information in long-term memory. The benefit of durable memory is that, there is no need of constantly rehearsing information to store. Additionally, there is no restricting information stored because it is permanent in its storage nature. This implies that, they are generally concerned with historical data.  They also often optimized to perform relatively large volumes of data. Therefore, they are best designed to support high volume of analytical processing with subsequent elaborated report generation. In addition, informational processing is subject oriented. Such subjects are populated with each data in storing information.

Why so many organizations are seeking to exploit data warehouses for competitive advantage.

The competitive advantage is a fundamental firm performance currently. Incidentally, so many organizations are seeking to use data warehouses for competitive advantage. Reasons as to why many firms do these differ. For instance, Prabhu (2004) argues that, when comparing traditional methods for data analysis with data warehousing, it is with no doubt that, many companies have discovered the potential of using data warehousing as a form of competitive advantage. Business information acquired from data analysis is a fundamental success for any firm wishing to maximize competitive benefit. Traditional approaches of data analysis do not scale handling voluminous data sets. The explosive growth in data with database has produced the need for having new techniques with tools, which can automatically transform the processed data into helpful information as well as knowledge.

Consequently, the intensive competitive global market place has led many firms to seek out competitive advantage through eliminating inefficiencies of data processing, maximizing relationships with the firm stakeholders and optimizing internal operations. To assist in this, many organizations are installing data warehousing to enhance their quality decision making in business since data warehousing is suitable in creating reports and analyzing business data’s.

The rate of innovation is rising in business environment. As a result, it has made the firms realize that knowledge is their fundamental factor. The concept of creating, storing, coding, exchanging and using knowledge has become the competitive advantage for many firms.

Data warehousing architecture is required in accommodating dynamic firm requirements, which cannot be anticipated. Lack of it has caused religious wars in that, warehousing has become famous. Data base architecture is defined, as design used in defining the target state with the subsequent required in achieving the target state. Generally, it describes the data structure of how it is processed, stored along with been utilized in given system. When calculating the populating of data warehousing various techniques are required. First, the data is captured into data warehouse with data marts. Secondly, the data is captured from the external and operational systems. Thirdly, it is transformed in usable format of data warehouse and fourthly, it is loaded into the data warehouse or else the data mart (Rainardi, 2007).

 

References

Prabhu, C.S.R. (2004). Data warehousing concepts, techniques, products and applications. New   York: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd

Rainardi, V. (2007). Building a Data Warehouse: With Examples in SQL Server. California:          apress publishing

 

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Dangers of Methamphetamine

Methamphetamine is also referred as methamphetamine. It has street names such as crank, chalk, fire, crystal, meth, speed or crypto. The drug can be injected; swallowed, snorted or else smoked. There are three main ingredients that are used to make crystal methamphetamine. These include iodine crystals, red phosphorus and pseudoephedrine. These chemical can be harmful to the victim using the drug and the environment to which it is produced. The prolonged use of the drug may result to violence, brain damage; aggressive behaviors and psychosis. It may also induce self esteem and sexual disorders and intense delusion such as a feeling insects crawling in the body. The Use of meth is dangerous to the user, their families and the community. The drug offers a short life span leading to high cases of death within the society. Because of its nature of highly addictive, the abuser may spend a lot of money buying the drug. Whether it is smoked, injected, snorted or taken orally, it directly affects the user healthy thus interfering with the normal operating system. The effects may be short term or long term.

For instance, when methamphetamine is smoked or injected, it immediately releases the high intensities of dopamine within the brain thus affecting the normal operating system of the brain. Even in cases when it is taken in small amounts, it regulates the body temperature, appetite, attention, blood pressure and the emotional responses that are associated with alertness. The drug increases heart rate and blood pressure through constraint ion of the arteries walls and hyperglycemia. Other effects may produce symptoms such as confusion, Increase of wakefulness, anxiety, tremors, prolonged insomnia, irritability, aggressiveness and paranoia.

The long term abuse of methamphetamine may result to suicidal thoughts, mood disorders, psychotic behavior, violent behavior, auditory hallucination and delusions. The short period use affecting the operating system in the brain may damage blood vessels within the brain causing stroke and in some few cases epilepsy. The overdose may result to physiological deterioration, eventually leading to heart attacks or stroke and sudden deaths. The overdose may produce an unusual rapid sweating, increased heart rates and kidney failures. The addicted user may result to physical trust on the drug due to never ending cycle. In effort of intensifying the effects, the user may overdose or change the method of using the drug eventually, making the situation worse.

Although there no specific manifestations of a withdraw syndrome when meth use is stopped, there are several signs that occur when the abuser stops using the drug. These include lack of sleep, abnormal sweating, shaking, nausea and palpitations, irritability, depression, fearfulness and an extreme craving for the drug. In scientific studies, a concern has risen on its toxic effects on the brain. Scholars have reported that, 50% of the dopamine producing cells can be damaged after prolonged exposure of the drug. Researchers have argued that serotonin that contains nerve cells may be damaged extensively (Spalding, 2006).

The use of Methamphetamine does not only harm the user but hurts their friends and families. In addition to affecting people leaving where the drug is produced. The ingredients used are highly volatile, thus making the manufacturing process dangerous for every individual involved and living near the illicit laboratory. In conjunction to this, the spread of HIV along with hepatitis can occur due to the widespread sharing of needles as a means of meth intake. The society opinion regarding meth abuse is a concern. Due to its highly addictive nature and the effects it has to the user,   prevention has been viewed as the best weapon to fight the drug.

 

 

 

References

North Carolina Department of Justice, Fighting crime of Methamphetamine use. Retrieved from www.ncsbi.gov on 26^th February 2011.

Spalding F, (2006). Methamphetamine: The Dangers of Crystal Meth. New York. Rosen Publishers

 

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