Name

Institution

 

PRODUCT/MARKETING MATRIX

Marketing penetration strategy Offer all types of beauty services contrary from our competitors. Our prices will be relatively fare to increase demand for our products and maintain competitive. Greater efforts in sales and marketing Convert our first visiting customers to frequent buyers.	Product expansion strategy New products from variety of ethics Different quality products in small packages Develop extensive website to develop online buying. Product modification with new features
Marketing development strategy   Different distribution channels Employ the use of network marketing Apply cross cultural along with interstate marketing drives. Different packages for our products Different pricing policies	Diversion strategy   Use of sales agents Strengthen the relationship of the manufacturer with final clients of product. Use the company’s name to build products and services in other market. Merges Joint ventures

Current products along with current product: market penetration

Market penetration: the business seeks to

1. Increase its share with the existing products in the current market
2. Increase usage by existing clients and changing our new customers to frequent shoppers
3. Restructuring effective sales and marketing to develop awareness of our products to our clients.
4. Secure a continuous growth of market by maintaining relatively fare prices to our products as well as maintaining out competition from other competitors.
5. Increase usage of our products globally by having a range of ethical products.

Present product in addition to new markets: Market development

1. Different packages sizes for our products and other services so that those who buy in small quantities and in bulk are catered for.
2. Different distributions channels will attract new customers for instance beauty products sold in supermarkets and not just in specialist shop.
3. New geographical regions will expand export market.
4. d.      Different policies will attract different types of clients along with creating new markets segments.

 New products with new markets: diversification

1. New products will offer prospect growth and profit opportunities in the company.
2. Use of sales agents will reinforce the relationship along with contact of the manufacturer with final consumer of our products.

TARGET SEGMENT

The business target segment is 18-40 years age bracket because this group is ready to look more attractive and appealing (Baugh & Hamper, 1990).

Potential target markets

Geographical This will be categorized by By region for instance country, state or neighborhood Climate: according to weather patterns most common to certain regions Population density: urban, suburban and rural region The size of   metropolitan area: according to size of population	Demographic This will depend on By age Gender Nationality Family size Religion Family life cycle
Psychographic This will group our customers according to Activities Values Opinion Lifestyle	Behavioralistic   Benefits sought User status Readiness to buy Occasions Brand loyalty

Geographical segmentation

The above variables are used in this segmentation. We will distribute suitable products in different regions based on weather pattern that is common in certain geographical regions. For instance, Sunscreen products that is best suitable in hot countries like India (Gunn, 2009).

Demographic Segmentation

Many of these variables have different sorts for their values and taste. For instance, children require products that are less reactive to their skin. Suitable income can make people buy products that may be costly.

Psychographic Segmentation

This segmentation will group our customers according to their lifestyles, attitudes towards the product and interest. For instance, some churches have condemned the use of make-ups and beauty products. According to Johnson (2007), the church of scientology that is one of the most controversial regions has condemned make-ups as harassment to spiritual life. With this concept in mind, we will sell our products to people that are not prohibited from using beauty products.

Behavioralistic

Occasions such as holidays and events stimulate purchase. Our business will make use of User status that includes first time, potential and regular customers toward growth our business.

SERVICES

We will have a range of beauty services offered in our business because our customers vary in age and regions. We will offer services that will suit all our customers. Specifically we will be offering the following.

• Skin health
• Massage
• Aromatherapy
• Normal facials
• Sensitive skin facial
• Skin care and treatment
• Anti aging
• Special effects makeup
• Acne facials and collagen facials
• Special 35-40 years age bracket facials.

 

THE PEOPLE THAT WILL DELIVER THE SERVICE

Our services will be delivered by skin professional expats to ensure our customers get suitable products that suit them.

Physical environment

The environment to which will be delivering our services will be social and will post a message that enhance social networks. In addition, will consider cool environment where our customers can relax.

Process

Our services will be provided in an interacting way from what our customer’s needs and suitable products applicable.

MISSION

As our business offers beauty products, we intend to open a beauty institution to provide knowledge to those inspiring to start the same business.

 

 

GENERAL GOALS OF OUR BUSINESS

• Achieve a sale growth of 5 % in the next financial year.

• Our long-term goal is to operate with 10 % profit margin in the next three years.

 

 

References

Baugh,S.L.,& Hamper, R.J. (1990). Strategic Market Planning.California: McGraw-Hill      Professional.

Gunn,S.B. (2009). The Essential Management Toolbox: Tools, Models and Notes for           Managers and Consultants. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Johnson,P. (2007). Astute competition: the economics of strategic diversity. New York:       Emerald Group Publishing.

 

 

 

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Procrastination

In psychology, Procrastination has been referred as the act of replacing high-precedence action with tasks of low priorities hence postponing the vital tasks to a later period (Marano, pp1). Procrastination may sound like a simple behavior which is quite complex for it results to stress, loss of personal development, sense of guilty and crisis among others. It is a strange phenomenon whose purpose seems to be unpleasant and lead to postponing behavior. Many psychologists believed that, the act of procrastination can be best understood through identifying the emotions that are associated with aspect of underlying behavior. They argue that, it is an attempt of coping with emotions which include fear of failure, dislike of what needed to be done, seeking pleasure and panic when having impossible goals. Therefore, the task of a procrastinator of finding a solution to the emotional reaction is not an easy job thus can hinder an individual in attaining successful life. Procrastinators have been known to distract themselves so as to regulate their emotions in, fear of failure, perfectionism and anxiety. Perfectionism is a major analytic criterion that has been known to play a major role in the wide variety of psychopathologies (Marano, pp1).

Perfectionism takes place as a result of having concern over making mistakes, having a high personal standard, the aspect of high parental expectations and the act of doubting on the action intended to be done. Recent research has focused on the role of perfectionism as the link to negative outcomes such as depression, anxiety and fear of failure among others (Pychyl, pp2-3). There are two types of perfectionism; these include Normal perfectionists and neurotic perfectionists. Normal perfectionists have a sense of pleasure from the labors of painstaking efforts while, neurotic perfectionists are unable to be satisfied since they never do things to have a feeling of satisfaction. According to Heward, (pp50) perfectionists are obsessive’s in protecting themselves. They ensure that they protect themselves in disappointments or approaches that would harm their reputation or unforeseen issues such as an economic downturn. Perfectionists tend to dissociates themselves from what they believe to be their shortcomings and seek the virtue to their own vices. This aspect can be damaging thus taking the form of procrastination in postponing tasks. There is a tendency of negatively evaluating the outcomes of the individual performance along with evaluation of one’s ability by others. In addition, perfectionism is mostly marked by low productivity in individuals by wasting time and energy on small irrelevant details over larger projects and important daily chores. This can cause depression and low productivity in the work place among others (Simpson, pp15).

An essential focus of attention in perfectionism field is the role of perfectionist principles within procrastination. For instance, neurotic perfectionists are sensitive in evaluating feedback thus lacking a goal striving in the form of delaying behaviors which may result to, failure of not performing the act. On the other hand, excessive perfectionism can produce work inhibition which can contribute to, underachievement along with lack of striving for achievement. Taken to the extreme, the occurrence of perfectionism can be quite delimiting.

 

 

 

Conclusion

The characteristics of self-oriented perfectionism have often been described as important contributors to depressive prone that increases inability to attain standards.

 

 

 

References

Marano, H. Is your procrastination hindering you? Ten things you should know. Retrieved on 21^st February 21, 2011 from https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1wprrtsojrd7r/?view=att&th=12e47aa0cdbfac85&attid=0.3&disp=vah&realattid=f_gkf7rzus3&zw

Pychyl, T. Savouring the Flavors of Delay English Studies in Canada PP25-29, 2009. Print

Simpson, W. Personality and Individual Differences, pp 47, 2009. Print

 

 

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Process of learning

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The process of learning is fundamental in that; it is effective in improving study habits. Over the years, it has been described as the body of principles advocated by psychologists as well as educators to explain how individuals acquire skills and knowledge. Many theories have attempted to explain how individuals learn in various principles that seem applicable (Fisher & Woolcock, 2011). In this regard, Anthony Grasha identified various teaching styles, which as a result, have been widely recognized. With this in mind, this paper seeks to review Anthony Grasha teaching style and later explain the best teaching style that suits my primary learning style.

It is well-documented facts that, Grasha 5 teaching style are Expert, Personal model, Formal authority, Delegator and Facilitator. In prevalent description, Expert style is concern with transmitting information in addition, challenging students to develop their competence. This style ensures that students are well prepared thus, possessing quality information. In some cases, if the Expert style is overused, it may intimidate students that less experienced. Formal Authority is the second learning style concerned with issuing negative and positive feedback having a goal of establishing knowledge and structure students require in learning. Personal model is the style that involves teaching with personal examples, which establishes the prototype of the way of thinking and behaving. Under this style, students are encouraged to observe and later emulate the instructor instructions. Ironically, some teachers assume their approach is the best thus making students’ inadequate if the fail to meet the expectations (Nunley, 2010).

Facilitator is a learning style that entails teacher-student interactions. This is whereby the teacher guides and directs students through asking questions, exploring options, coming up with alternatives and later encouraging them to develop informed choices. The overall goal is to develop students to be independent in the willingness to explore knowledge. A time, it is time consuming. The fifth style is Delegator concerned with students working independently or as in autonomous teams with the teacher been available at the request of students. Although students may be anxious when giving the autonomy, it assists in helping students to be independent learners (Huitt, 2004).

From the five Grasha’s learning styles, personal model suits my primary learning style in that, many learners easily comprehend to the lesson if given the visual ideas.  From my point of view, I tend to understand the teacher examples, which ensures total understanding and memory. On the contrary, if the information is plainly presented by teacher without examples, I retain less information than when the verbal instructions were explained plainly. With this regard, it emphasizes on the direct observation thus having examples to compare with the content taught. Additionally, learners tend to absorb information through the process of interacting with the teachers.  In this case, personal model align with the desire in that, interaction cannot be accomplished without teacher interacting with students while teaching. Teaching by examples assist in interacting because students can ask teachers question using examples given thus ensuring memory (Sparapani, 1998).

Having identified with personal model from Grasha teaching style my role as a student would be attentive to listen to teacher approaches, would ask for alternatives of other approaches to ensure total understanding, after fully understanding both concepts, I would emulate the instructor’s approach my approach been a guide to understanding.  In conclusion, the role of my teacher would be preparing logic examples that would be easier to understand, preparing lesson that will ensure interaction in the sense of students coming up with alternative examples to avoid the feeling of inadequacy of students who cannot understand the examples.

 

 

References

Fisher, T. &  Woolcock, G. (n.d.). Dr. William Glasser’s Choice Theory: Seven connecting             habits. Ezine. Retrieved March 2, 2011 from:

http://ezinearticles.com/?Dr-William-Glassers-Choice-Theory—Seven-Connecting-            Habits&id=4416828  

Huitt, W. (2004). Observational (social) learning: An overview. Educational Psychology   Interactive. Retrieved from:   http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/topics/soccog/soclrn.html

Nunley, K. (2010). Practical classroom applications of current brain research. Retrieved from       : http://www.brains.org/  

Sparapani, E. F. (1998). Encouraging thinking in high school and middle school: Constraints         and possibilities. The Clearing House, 71(5), 274-276.  Retrieved August 25, 2008,      from Ethnic NewsWatch (ENW) database. (Document ID: 29206498).  Retrieved      from:  ProQuest.

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Abstract

Accessing e- mail on an employee can be illegal in some companies and not in others. For the past years, e-mail has been viewed as private property, which has contributed too many securing their e-mail server. The reason for securing emails has been, if it is seen as a public property, someone else may access individual information and in some cases send unsolicited emails. Debates on whether e-mail of an employee is a private property has been imposed by many individuals. Some have argued that it is not a big deal in that it should be monitored because many employees spend a lot of time serving which ends result to low work performance. Others have strongly agreed that it should be an employee private sector. This paper aims at discussing why e-mail should be an employee private sector.

 

Email should be an employee private sector due to hindrance of revealing sensitive information to unauthorized recipients. E-mails are known to be confidential and everything done with security concept. E-mail has information that is intended only for individual use to read and respond to the message. If the person reading the e-mail is not the intended recipient or else employee responsible for the e-mail, it is viewed illegal. For instance, the message may be privileged and confidential thus, if you are not the intended recipient, it may increase crime and a time may disclose secrets that were intended to be personal.

For instance, if the message entails business transaction with security documents for example, ATM number which the sender had requested money to be withdrawn from his bank account, if the message is received by unintended receiver may be risky. The person may end up withdrawing money from the sender bank account, while the person that was intended to receive the message may end up being accountable in paying money that, he was never responsible in withdrawing. In other cases, the message may be too personal and if it is not received by the planned recipient may end up making what was to be disclosed to be rumors. The situation may even be worse if the message is disclosed to a fellow colleague.

Some companies may use email as a tool for bullying and employee harassment particularly, if he is manager or else senior executive. This is most common in cases when there is no good relationship between the employee and employer. In such incidences, if the email is disclosed to employee, he may post wrong information claiming the employee not suitable in working within the company. Others may download messages using employee email server to send many unwanted mails that eventually may be used as excuses for firing their employees.

Email is used to communicate sensitive matters. This implies that, its attempt for interfering with employee email may interfere with productivity and overall work environment. In addition, it may result to low productivity and work performance. If the employee email property is being interfered with, he may have less morale in that he may feel being interfered in communicating sensitive matters. Some countries for the past years have monitored employee employees emails in that they go to extend of reading their emails and monitoring what they write. This has resulted to many employees being denied their rights of communication thus leading to occupation stress which eventually lead to low work performance.

One of the reasons is to avoid stalking and internet conduct for example data theft. Data theft has been a growing problem by office workers due to access of technology. Employees often spend many time developing contacts with confidential copyrighted information. The person in charge for processing data information in any given company should be the only person operating the e-mail for the reason that if business mail accounts are circulated to any other person within the company it may encourage data theft in that, there be high chances of many retrieving into company property. Therefore, this implies that, security leaks are emphasized in chances when the employee is using their personal email account for work information.

A binding legal contract can be communicated between the two parties via email. If communication is disclosed, the risk may be greater because email is informal and fully recorded. Any attempt of binding legal commitment of another company through emails without confirmation from that company may end up resulting to company having a contractual commitment that was never bypass by the company. It is therefore important for every employee to have an email account as a private property to avoid such incidences and protecting the confidentiality of organization

Conclusion

Having discussed why e-mail should be private property for employee, some companies have seen it worth monitoring employees email. The reasons for monitoring include a security concern, which is done by protecting the value of proprietary business information. Some have monitored to evaluate the amount of time being spent for employees serving in that many companies have reported their employees to spend a lot of time in internet thus lowering work performance.

Contrary, many employees have not fully supported the idea of their employees monitoring their emails. Many have viewed this as way of denying their rights for communication. As discussed in this paper, e-mail are confidential that can be used to discuss sensitive matters. If e-mail is disclosed it may interfere with productivity and overall work performance, may cause data theft and it may increase crime along with disclosing secrets that were intended to be personal. This concept fully support why e-mail should be an employee’s private property.

 

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Principles of Accounting

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            In essence, accounting basics terms enable an individual to feel comfortable to navigate through the accounting software. With no doubt; small auto body shop requires an equipped individual with accounting basics, so that money flows smoothly. It is a well-documented fact; there are numerous basic accounting names that include expenses, revenues, assets, statement of the cash flow, balance sheet, liabilities and income statement. In facts, being familiar with these terms will enable one to record transactions to the debits and credits side. In this context, an expense is the outflow of the money used to pay a service or an item for instance rent. Revenues refer to the amount brought in the company through business activities, while assets are resources owned by the company to generate cash flow or to benefit the organization operation. In conjunction with this, the cash flow statement is the financial statement that concerns the flow of cash out and in the business. Cash flow statement is fundamental in determining the short-term viability of the company for instance, when paying bills. Balance sheet is the financial statement, which summarizes the firm liabilities, assets and shareholders equity as well as outlining what the company owns. With this regard, the balance sheet should follow the formula of liabilities plus shareholders equity equal to assets. Liabilities are debts that a company owes to businesses and people while income statement is the company financial statement that measures the company financial performance for a specific accounting period. It is assessed by analyzing how businesses incur expenses and revenues through operating as well as, non-operating activities.

Rules of debits and credits

            The rules of credits and debits are the backbone of accounting system. It is a well-documented fact; in every ledger accounting entry, it has tow sides; credit and debit side. As part of the rule, all debits should equal all credits, and failure to this leads to out-of-balance. With this in mind, the accounting system has a mechanism that ensures balance of all entries. It is borne in mind; an increase in one account may lead to decrease or equal to the other. For instance, an increase in assets or expenses leads to an increase in debit and a decrease in credit, while a decrease in liabilities or incomes leads to a decrease in debit and an increase in credit. These are rules that keep the entry of balance. Quintessentially, credit always goes on the right, while debits always go on the left of the balance sheet. With no doubt; through summing up the debits and credits enables an individual to correct many bookkeeping errors.

Examples of a journal entry would impact the balance sheet

            If for instance, a firm has a car worth $2.5Million with no doubt, the car will keep on deprecating over the period used. In such a case, the company may end up selling at $1.8 Million in the next three years thus depreciating with $600,000 and 28 %. When compiling the financial report, the company would incur a loss of 28 %. Secondly, if a company has $30,000 debtors and $5,000 of the debtors’ remains unpaid with no doubt, it would affect the company. In such a case, if the company decides to pay the bad debts with their resources then; there would be a 17 % provision of bad debts. Thirdly, if a company that owes the suppliers $10,000, and in the process pays its suppliers 5,000 there would be 5,000 balance thus, depreciation of 50 % creditors. In conclusion, if the company stocks worth $100,000 and in three years the company stock increase to $120,000 there would an increase of $20,000 thus an appreciation of 20 %.

 

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Poverty

Introduction

            It is a well-documented fact; poverty is a condition affecting many countries globally. In essence, poverty signifies state of lack of human needs such as health care, clean water, nutrition, shelter, clothing and education among others. It is with no doubt; the victims experience challenges to the extent, many ends up being discriminated in the society set up. With this regard, there have been various articles discussing personal account of people living in extreme poverty. Being abandoned by his relative, Park worked as a photographer, which as a result, gave him a chance to encounter various people in his photographic works. Additionally, Parker gives his personal account addressing poverty that he encountered. With this in regard, this paper seeks to discuss various challenges faced by people living in poverty in addition, discuss what made them particularly villainous.

Characters that seem least sympathetic

            Based on my point of view, the story told by Goodwin Parker seems less sympathetic in the sense that, he talks of encountering various challenges in life, which to some extent, may not be challenging. For instance, he talks of having ill-fitting shoes that are worn out. In this aspect, it is with no doubt that, shoes are commodities that human beings can do without. In other words, shoes are worn with an aim of comfort. In reality, there are people that do not have access of shoes, so Parker outlining that he has ill-fitting shoes seems least sympathetic. In conjunction with this, he talks of not having shovel to bury the rotting garbage that smell in his outdoor privacy. In facts, this seems less sympathetic in the sense that, he talks of food being spoiled in the refrigerator. With this regard, there is an aspect of not enduring extreme poverty to the extent he talks of buying a shovel, which to some may not appeal in their mind because of extreme poverty.

Interestingly, Parker complains over poverty may not appeal as poverty to some. For instance, he talks of his child being covered with fly specks in addition, diaper not being changed since he left the child home with Granny. It is with no doubt; people using diapers in the human history are financially stable. In facts, people living in extreme poverty cannot afford using diapers. With this regard, one can outline Parker been the least sympathetic compared to the story told by Golden parks of a twelve year old boy (Flavio’s) that lived in slums with his family. It is with no doubt; Flavio’s home experienced various challenges such as lack of health care, lack of basic commodities and poor sanitation among others.

The reason that makes parker situation villainous is that, he is living beyond his means of income and for that reason; his needs become so many to tackle. For instance, he states that, for breakfast, he gives his children grits with no egg or oleo. Additionally, he talks about saving money to buy Vaseline for his hands and the baby’s rashes. In this aspect, one can underlie the aspect of living beyond means of income earning. No wonder, according to Parker, he outline the best breakfast to give his children is grits with egg or oleo and in reality; it is not a basic commodity. The facts outlined above make Parker case of poverty, to appeal least sympathetic.

 

Are such people possible in our American social context?

            Yes, such people mentioned in this paper are also within the American Context. For instance, there are people living in extreme poverty and still people living with basic necessities and still assume they are living in poverty. According to Parker (5), poverty aspect in American social context is dependent defined on the measure of income inequality. It is a well-documented fact; some people in the United State are living in extreme poverty to the extent many lack shelter, clothing, poor sanitation and some cannot afford to bury their dead (Parker 3). In this context, Parker argues that, under Obama leadership, the level of poverty has increased from 11.7 % to 12.4 %. As a result, poverty has affected children success in academic performance and more vulnerable to diseases like colds, flue, waterborne diseases and malaria among others. With this in mind, the American scenario is best indicated by Flavio’s home that lack health care, basic commodities, poor sanitation and lack of food. Flavio’s home condition is pathetic in the sense that, the family is living in extreme poverty. It is with no doubt; they lack basic necessities in addition, the home located in insecure place where crime rate is high. The world around Flavio’s family it is pathetic in the sense that, there are only three tin plates and the family being a large a family; they all share the three plates.

Poverty is best indicated in Flavio who after washing rice in a large dishpan goes ahead to wash Zacarias’s feet his brother in the same water and worse to that, reusing water in washing other siblings. With this in mind, diseases frequently confound in the family and in places where there is water scarcity; burden of life is complex thus, ‘making life more difficult in social context. It is important to note that, in the American social context, poor people undergo discrimination to the extent, and many are ignored in the society. This is best portrayed in flavio’s case, who after been taken to the hospital by Gallo for a cough treatment is ignored by the nurse to the extent of being undermined.

Based on my perception, Parker story shows the gap between the people living in extreme poverty and people living with basic means. For instance, he talks of his child not had been changed diaper since he left the child home with Granny. From this statement, one can outline that, her previous lifestyle dictated the child to be changed diaper occasionally. Nevertheless, as she outlines, her life changed immediately changed after his husband lost his job which as a result, all her nice things were left in mess to the extent these challenges destroyed her marriage. According to Poverty Gordon Parks and the Fontanelle Family (1) this assumption tends to align with American social context in the sense that, lack of employment causes lack of basic needs in addition, destroying marriages.

Conclusion

            In facts, poverty seems to be an issue affecting many countries globally. As discussed in this paper, the story of Parker and Flavio’s family outline the impacts of poverty to the society. In facts, poverty is lack of human needs such as health care, clean water, nutrition, shelter, clothing and education among others. With this regard, this paper has discussed various challenges faced by people living in poverty.

 

 

Work cited

Parker, Goodwin. What is poverty? America’s Other Children: Public Schools Outside Suburbs:    University of Oklahoma Press 1971, Print.

POVERTY: Gordon Parks and the Fontanelle Family:

< http://forum.dancehallreggae.com/showthread.php/169673-POVERTY-Gordon-Parks-  And-The-Fontanelle-Family> 1968.

 

 

 

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Who wrote the bible

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Introduction

            In essence, for the past two thousand years people have been reading the bible,  some have taken it figuratively others literally and others symbolically. Some have argued that it was divinely dictated, inspired or revealed while others believe it was part of human creation. Many people for instance ministers, priests, Christians and rabbis have preached it in addition, dedicated their lives in studying, writing about it and arguing about it in love. People have lived by it through the wisdom it offers in addition died for it. The big question of who wrote the bible ringers to many. Richard Elliot Friedman in his book sets out to see if he can identify the specific hand that wrote the bible. His book aimed at discovering on the various events and reasons that contributed the author to write the text.

Richard Elliot is a biblical scholar of Jewish studies in the University of Georgia. He is mostly known for his book that is praised for its accessibility, scholarship and conciliatory tone. Concerning this, Richard Elliot argues that there are certain traditions in one chapter regarding various authors such as David, Moses and Jeremiah that seem to differ in certain parts. In order to obtain excellent findings, he sets these assumptions aside and first examines the world that created the book and why various teachings were assembled in one place and in the first chapters. With an understanding of the events that occurred in the Middle East, the reason for its creation and evolution can be seen Cleary.  If for instance, the story detailed particularly shows religious rituals or if a piece of writing shows inner workings of the temple, then it follows that, the author would probably be a priest. With this in mind, it evident to argue that, the author proves his understanding in finding out who wrote the bible.

In details, Friedman explains what scholarships said about the authorship of torah or Pentateuch consists of the first five books in the Old Testament. The tradition Judaism and Christianity believed that the text was dictated by God to Moses. Other religious believe he was inspired to write the texts while others believed he was the sole author. Friedman (1997) recognizes few problems regarding Moses as the Author in that, some texts reports of his death. The question emerges on how Moses would have written about his death. Concerning this, Friedman argues that, nowhere in the first books of Moses says that he was the author.

The first five books consist of things that Moses could not have known or said. For instance, the text shows that he was the humblest man on the earth and in reality, no would expect the humblest man on earth to say so. Indeed, this rejects Moses authorship in that this reference thing was unknown to Moses (Friedman, 1997).

In order to see the individual person of who produced the bible, it is vital studying the life and events of that person. For instance, David having many wives and children, the biblical picture of him is that, he valued polygamy marriage. On the contrary, there are contradictions of how the same man was referred as the man after God’s heart. The most unimpressive thing is that, David character should not been regarded as pleasing to God in that he ended up committing adultery with Uriah wife. With this in mind, this poses possibility of the author having descended from David.

Gladden (2007) argues that in the first chapter of the bible shows how the world was created and the second chapter starts with a different story. The first version shows that God created plants, animals then man with woman but in the second chapter God creates man first then later creates plants and animals in addition, the woman is gotten from the limb of a man. The two stories have different pictures of how creation occurred. Additionally, the story of the great flood and Noah’s ark is discussed in different versions. In one version calls the deity God while the other version calls him Yahweh.

Other studies have shown contradictions when Moses was getting the Ten Commandments on the mountain of God (Branchard, 2009). Aaron makes a golden calf for the children Israel to worship. Meanwhile, God tells Moses that he would destroy the children of Israel for worshipping idol gods. As a result, Moses ends up pleading with God to be merciful to them. The story brings all questions as to why the person that wrote this story described the children of Israel as rebellious at the very time Aaron character not described.

It is contradicting on why Aaron does not suffer punishment for misleading the children of Israel to worship golden calf. In addition, questions of why the golden calf is refer as gods of Israel brings in controversial in that there is only one god. These facts provide information on who wrote that portion. This implies, the author who wrote the text of children of Israel being rebellious was from Judah. This suggests that, the author had particular interest in matter that related the people of Judah therefore, giving special attention. Judah tradition believed that Aaron was an ancient high priest who would never be pictured hurting God thus the author could not make up a story of the high priest becoming disqualified at his early age.

Conclusion

            As discussed in this paper, the author has pursued an understanding of how to know who wrote the bible. In finding out, one should understand the event that occurred, why it occurred, the parties involved and how each party was judged. This helps an individual to understand predicting the author. This hypothesis is important in perfectly understanding who wrote the bible.

 

References

Friedman, E. R. (1997). Who wrote the Bible. California: HarperSanFrancisco

Gladden,W. (2007). Who Wrote the Bible. New York: Echo Library

Branchard, C.A. (2009). Who Wrote the Bible. Washington DC: BiblioBazaar,

 

 

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Body Image

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            It is a well-documented fact; body image is the dynamic perception of the way a body moves, feels and looks. It is shaped by emotions, perceptions and physical sensations. Nevertheless, it can change in relation to mood, environment and physical experience. Adolescent’s stage is a significant stage that highly experience dynamic changes in the body. Given the overwhelming changes of adolescent’s stage; the body image is influenced by strong self- evaluation and self-image. It is borne in mind; body image can be influenced by cultural standards on attractiveness. These changes can cause dissatisfaction in girls. Generally, healthy body image in girls and boys present the core challenge to body image. In this regard, this paper seeks to analyze body image and factors that contribute to its development during adolescent stage.

 

Story, M.,& Stang, J. (2005). Guidelines for Adolescent nutritional services: http://www.epi.umn.edu/let/pubs/adol_book.shtm

According to Story and Stang (2005), media messages strongly influence body image in young people. In essence, adolescents’ females that watch most media programs such as soap operas report to the highest body dissatisfaction in addition, those that watch music videos tend to have a strong urge for thinness. The urge of attaining the ideal standard for attractiveness for both males and females are greatly influenced by media messages; for instance, over the past years, Miss World contestants have been linked with thinness thus, creating the appeal that thinness is the ideal of true beauty.

National Association of social workers. (2001). Adolescent girls and body image. Adolescent   health, 2 (4) 1

Family concerns increases body dissatisfaction of body image concerns for instance, parental concern of their children being thin by avoiding fat. This influences adolescents to be constant dieters in addition, using unhealthy weight control methods. As a result, many suffer unenthusiastic health concerns linked to body dissatisfaction.

Weinshenker, N. (1997). Teenagers and body image: <http://www.education.com/reference/article/Ref_Adolescents_Body/>

            According to Weinshenker (1997), standards of beauty have changed in the sense that; for the past years, being thin was considered the sign of poverty and plumpness the ideal of beauty. Nevertheless, things have changed in the sense that, being thin has become a personal project for American girls to restrict calories to maintain body shape. Weinshenker outline the way many teenagers have been disgruntlement with their appearance to the extent, many have suffered insecurities and low self-esteem.

 

Schonfeld, W.A. (1964). Body-Image Disturbances In Adolescents With Inappropriate          Sexual  Development. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 34(3) 493-502

            Schonfeld (1964) argue that, the approach that the adolescent view himself in the society is vital in his amendment. When there is inappropriate sexual development, the body image is troubled thus, resulting to deviant behavior with adaptations.

Poncelet, B. (2009). Teen body image-Encouraging positive Teen body image: <http://teenhealth.about.com/od/emotionalhealth/a/teenbodyimage.htm>

            Poncelet(2009) argue that, adolescents body image can be influenced by peers. If for instance, a teenage is often teased about his weight by his peers, he is likely to have a negative body image, which influence how behave.

Treccasi, L., Musson, W., Kontonikas, K.,& Jones, S.A. (2002). Body image and adolescents: <http://ehlt.flinders.edu.au/education/DLiT/2005/bodyimage/container.php?cla=&page=effects>

A number of theories relate negative body image with eating disorders such as psychodynamic theory that outline that, the distorted body with the desire for thinness is done in the name of searching for identity. Additionally, during adolescent development the ideal term of what is beauty in the media gives false image to teenagers who often feel they should attain.

            Edelstein. (2010). Nutrition in Public Health. New York: Jones & Bartlett Learning

            In essence, adolescents are willing to do anything to improve their body image. The adolescent is preoccupied with body image thus; providing nutritional counseling is important for their well-being as opposed to looking attractive.

Sugar, M. (1993). Female adolescent development. London: Psychology Press

            The body image is the aspect that is modified by life circumstances, which in many cases, is determined by pleasure or attention. In this case, the change of body image is concern with cohesive sense of attention.

Whetser, M. V. (1999). Pediatric Nursing.  New York: McGraw-Hill Professional

            Body image is utmost significant in adolescent stage and search for an urge to look better is important. Physical appearance is continually reflected in the stage, which to some extent, is influenced by what the society term as ideal beauty.

Kindes,V.M. (2006). Body image: new research. New York:  Nova Publishers

            Through Socialization, adolescents’ boys strive to be stronger and developed, while girls strive to look more attractive. In large scales, both girls strive in searching for identity linked with self-worth and concern over body image.

Evans, E.R., Tumer, C. (1992). Content analysis of contemporary teen magazine for adolescent females. Youth and society, 23 (99) 20

            Adverts in magazines contribute to development of body image in the sense that, magazines adverts that target females teenagers show images of young slim, small waist, rounded hips and smooth skin as the ideal of beauty. As a result, many identify themselves with such ideal for beauty.

Josselson, R. (1987). Finding herself: Pathways to identity development in women. California: Jossy-Bass Inc.

Education materials have outlined messages concerning body sizes for instance, textbooks outlining the way many girls have gotten slender in every decade, while body image not changing. Due to female watching most media programs have caused body dissatisfaction as their pathway to identity.

Grogan, S. (2008). Body image: understanding body dissatisfaction in men, women, and children. New York: Taylor & Francis

For many years, the urge for men to attain the ideal of attractiveness of being muscular has been associated with depression and poor self-esteem.

Media Scope. Body image and advertising: <aaaaaahttp://www.mediascope.org/pubs/ibriefs/bia.htm>

…(  ) argue that, the African-American adolescents tend to have better body images than whites who are influenced with cultural ideal of true built thus, creating body dissatisfaction.

Groesz,L, L. Murnen, S.K. (2002). The effects of beautiful aaaaaamodels in ads of female pre-adolescents and adolscents. The Journal of aaaaaa Advertising, 26 (2), 19-33

Due to strong urge of being attractive, many have worked on their diets and weight control to maintain body image. In this regard, health professionals should encourage adolescents to be healthier in a way that supports body image.

Palo Alto Medical Foundation A Sutter health Affiliate. (2010). Self-Esteem and body image in Teens and Preteens:

Body image is often at lowest during adolescents in the sense that, youths are self-conscious, awkward and isolated on their body images. However, many teenagers sustain their self image through support family and friends.

Youth Central. (2010). Body image, self and adolescent image: http://www.youthcentral.vic.gov.au/Health+&+Relationships/Body+health/Body+image/

Body image is influenced by magazines, films, competing with others and a change to fit in the society, additionally, looking for ideal beauty in the society.

Mirror Mirror. A Summary of research findings on body image: <http://www.sirc.org/publik/mirror.html>

            Media play a key role in defining standards of beauty. Standards of beauty have been hard to attain under great pressure to maintain beauty to gain a positive evaluations.

Teens Health. (1995). Body Image and self esteem: http://kidshealth.org/teen/your_mind/body_image/body_image.html

Body image is how one feels about his or her appearance. For many adolescents, body image is linked with self-esteem of a natural desire to be accepted.

Witner, N. (2011). What is body image: http://parentingteens.about.com/cs/bodyimage/a/bodyimage.htm

Adolescent body image is influenced by self-worth and self-esteem, which in turn changes body image. Body image involves how one perceives a positive body image.

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Blank verse

Introduction

            According to Leggatt (5), blank verse is the form of poetry whose meter is iambic and parameter. Generally, it is the basic pattern of language in Shakespeare plays whose verse lines are of ten syllables with no rhythm but with five stresses. Leggatt (5) argue that, it was first used by Henry Howard and Earl in England. It is a well-documented fact; the earliest drama was written in the rhyming verse. Blank verse has been influential form which English poetry has considered from the sixteenth century. It is with no doubt; it has become so influential to the point that; the major achievements made by poets have been as the result of using blank verse. In essence, a number of poets have used blank verse in poetry and as a result; it has highly influenced the poem to be interesting to the reader. Among these are Ulysses by Tennyson, Directive by Frost and the Making of a Poem: A Norton Anthology of Poetic Forms by Mark Strand and Evan Boland. With this regard, this paper seeks to analyze how blank verse has been used by these poets.

Ulysses Poem

According to Fagan (16 ),  Ulysses is the poem in blank verses the poet being Tennyson, Alfred Lord. The poem was published in 1842 and written in 1833. In brief, the poem concerns remarkable monologue form in the sense that, Ulysses describes his disconnects as well restlessness after returning to Ithaca kingdom. It is with no doubt; Ulysses characters have been highly explored in the literature. Within Poem’s history, many have viewed Ulysses as heroic in determination of striving to seek and find the supportive statement about his poem. The view that support Tennyson as the heroic character is outlined in his statement about the poem, the events in his life in addition, his closest friend death which prompted him to write about the poem.

It is a well-documented fact; the Ulysses Poem seventy lines of blank verse are in the form of dramatic monologue. They are written in iambic pentameter in the sense that, they are commonly used in verse drama and traditional verse. In addition, the rhythm is in small groups of syllables created through stress form in addition, alternating between stressed with unstressed syllables. According to Shaw (15), some assume the verse to turn from soliloquy to the public address in the sense that, in the first movement, Ulysses speaks to himself then later he turn to audience whereby he introduces his son, additionally, she addresses his mariners. In the first movement is set in such a way it is against the politically minded tone in the last two movements. For instance, in the second paragraph 33-43 concerning Telemachus through, which Ulysses muses again concerning the domestic life; it is a revised version of the first five lines in public consumption in addition, the savage race is the revised to that of rugged people

In addition, the speaker language is blank and forceful been expressed in conflict moods in the sense of searching continuity of the past with the future. In this regard, Shaw argues that, the language is marked in sentiment of Ulysses words with the sounds expressing them. For instance, the poem’s is interrupted by Spondees consisting of two syllables that slow down the poem movement with the laboring language being cast into the doubt of the consistency of Ulysses sentiments. With these facts, Shaw (17) categorized Ulysses poem to be Blank verse distinguished in having regular meter whose meter are most in iambic pentameter.

Directive poem

            Leggatt (15) argue that, directive poem was published in 1946 by Robert Frost. The poem has sixty two line and in blank verse form. This is because; there are elements of dramatic monologue, lyric, narrative poem, and parody along with meditation. With this in mind, it is hard to classify the poem in ambiguous form in that it infuses the whole poem by not making it clear and not easily followed.

It is a well-documented fact; the poetry was written in some sort of tradition written in various basic forms. These include blank verse narratives, sonnets and irregularly rhymed poems. It is imperative noting that, the directive poem is blank verse having one continuous paragraph with no rhyme scheme. In essence, Boland and Strand (20) argues that, this occurs in the old town which seems similar to the forest.  Robert wrote the poem in pessimistic tone which is more questioning and insecure. With this in mind, Robert is taking a journey into the past giving readers different solutions to remember how simple life is. The poem outlines how a child takes life easyily but as he grows up, he gets over it to get on with the love part of life.

It is essential noting that, blank verse is usually written with a combination of dominant foot coupled with lines that provide names of poem’s meter. With this regard, Robert Frost dominant foot is “mending wall” the iamb with five feet per line. With this in mind, it is with no doubt; the poem is written in iambic parameter thus, making it to fit in blank verse form. On the contrary, Frost mixes up the feet best indicated in the first few lines of Directive poem. The poem states that, “Something there is that doesn’t love a wall, that sends the frozen-ground-swell under it, and spills the upper boulders in the sun” (Fagan 15). It is with no doubt; when the reader reads these three lines, the natural rhythm is strictly iambic pentameter whose syllables follow the pattern of stressed and unstressed.

Excerpt from Macbeth by William Shakespeare

            According to Shakespeare (10) this piece of literature of Excerpt from Macbeth by William Shakespeare is a blank verse in that, it does not have rhyme nevertheless, it has regular meter. It is with no doubt; William Shakespeare has written most of his poems in blank verse having iambic pentameter form resembling rhythms of ordinary speech. In this sense, Shakespeare use of blank verse is best indicated in the words in the end of the line sounding similar for instance, tale, more, fury and player. In conjunction with this, there is pentameter portion of the iambic pentameter found in the above words.

 

Conclusion

        It is a well-documented fact; blank verse is any verse comprised of the unrhymed lines within the same meter. In essence, blank verse is mostly in iambic pentameter and unobtrusive form, which resembles the rhythms of the ordinary speech. Example of blank verse is found in the poetic work of Tennyson, William Shakespeare and Robert Frost. The Ulysses Poem by Tennyson has seventy lines of blank verse are in the form of dramatic monologue. The poem is written in iambic pentameter in the sense that, most lines are used in verse drama and traditional verse. In addition, the rhythm is in small groups of syllables created through stress form in addition, alternating between stressed with unstressed syllable.  In conjunction with this, Robert Frost dominant foot is found in the “mending wall” which Alden (10) argue that, it is written in iambic parameter thus, making it to fit in blank verse form. Lastly, most poetic work of William shake spear is categorized in blank verse. For instance, the piece of literature of Excerpt from Macbeth by William Shakespeare is a blank verse in that, it does not have rhyme nevertheless, it has regular meter. In addition, William Shakespeare use of blank verse is indicated in the end words of the line in the poem sounding similar for instance, tale, more, fury and player. It is noteworthy noting that, many poetic works tend to do their writing in blank verse form. In this regard, this paper has examined how blank verse has been used by Frost, Tennyson and William Shakespeare in their poetic work.

Work cited

Alden, Raymond. Poems of the English race. New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1921. Print

Boland,Eavan and Strand, Mark. The making of a poem: a Norton anthology of poetic forms.       California: Norton, 2001. Print

Fagan, Deirdre. Critical companion to Robert Frost: a literary reference to his life and work.         New York: Infobase Publishing, 2007. Print

Leggatt,Alexander. William Shakespeare’s Macbeth: a sourcebook. New York: Taylor &   Francis, 2006. Print

Shakespeare,  William. Shakespere’s Tragedy of Macbeth. London: General Books LLC, 2009.     Print

Shaw, Robert. Blank verse: a guide to its history and use. Washington DC: Ohio University          Press, 2007.         Print

Timmerman,John. Robert Frost: the ethics of ambiguity. California: Bucknell University Press,     2002. Print

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Beethoven music

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Ludwig Van Beethoven is both a composer and pianist. In music industry, he has been the most famous and prominent composer. History has shown that, his hearing began to deteriorate in the late 1790s; nevertheless, he continued to perform, compose even after becoming completely deaf. He has composed music in several music genres with variety of instrument combination. His works for symphony orchestra consist of nine symphonies that include a chorus with some pieces of occasional music. His body of music composition has thirty-two piano sonatas and orchestra group. This has made the music very instrumental and most exciting.

In his music, from the first note, Beethoven begins it in total unconventional and energetic way with three sets of rising chords Hello. I am here. Already he is breaking the rules as a way of encouraging the listeners to hear his story. In addition, he is making a personal connection with the listeners in that they are not used in hearing this kind music. This adds a lot of vintage attitude with uniqueness to his music. In the second symphony, he calls the third movement a scherzo that literally means a joke. The normal title of the joke was minuet, which was his old-fashioned concept.

The opening of the final movement of succession of coiled springs has stunned his first audience, which sound interesting up to date. The spring’s forces to clapper, releases the bell immediately after the stroke that enables the bell to ring out. As we come to Third symphony, the joke begins with two massive chords that call to attention. Beethoven grabs the listeners in bar one and does not let the listeners go.  Halfway through the first movement the first horns earlier in a bar. Ferdinand hearing this he tells Beethoven he would deal with him afterwards in that it was not meant to be that way. The second movement is a funeral match when years later Beethoven was told Napoleon had died at St Helena and it was suggested that he would compose a funeral march. The lips of   orchestra group and the first bell suggest how Napoleon death had affected them. The huge forth move movement start with a flourish, which resorts to a joke. This Beethoven dedicated the song to Napoleon. In his performance, he shows the strong relationship he had with Napoleon that made the listeners to connect with him. The feeling of reverential came over him when he expressed how he was such a friend to him.

The song is composed in such a way that, there is a triplet accompaniment of the piano. Beethoven sees his beloved wherever he wanders with the music corresponding through range keys and rhythms. His major objective is to ensure that his listeners are attentive in addition, uniting with his beloved. Part of the song sets the extravagant death fantasy with final stanza in which he wishes he had flowers to express his undying love to the deceased. He sets this stanza in tones that are not of despair but of ecstasy making the allegro motto of love. A culmination of his yearning is viewed as a kind of triumphal march in which he is symbolically united with his beloved. Musically, it portrays a post-coital relaxation of the exhausted lover in his arms; it acts as a prayer-like exhalation.

In conclusion, Beethoven music is most exciting, in which he catch his listeners unaware. Piece by piece, note by note and his instrumental stands as the significant body of music ever composed.

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