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Becoming an urban planner

Urban planning is defined as a professional that offers opportunities for people that have different talents and inspirations. Urban planner tends to plan future of urban areas in working areas by ensuring that cities and states have what they require for a growing. Acquiring experience is the primary factor in becoming an urban planner. This experience helps an individual to be aware of what is needed in their field. The more experience one acquire the more productive he become in performing his tasks as a planner. To enhance future planners, fully engagement in the community activities in the United States takes place up to date. High schools have focused on the fields that relate to city planning and issues that planners deal with every day (pp, 87).

An informational interview is the first step in pursuing a volunteer opportunity. This involves interaction between students desiring to be planners and people working in the field. This technique involves career exploration and professional advices to students (pp88). Professional’s planners should therefore be willing to offer their time in learning the field through preparation for the interview through asking question that pertain the field. The questions include: The duties performed daily in planning field, Requirements required for success in the field, The kind of job internship experience and how an individual obtain work experience. To make the learning effective, keeping time in meetings should be observed.

 

 

Planners have great impact on the society and its environment in that they help in: finding out how much land should be left for homes to be built. Some planners, work with the community in determining the proportion on how houses should be built hence ensuring proper planning in building houses take place. As a result of working on policies that affects the price of housing in a community, they ensure that residents attain affordable houses that are available to them. In additional to this, they ensure there are basic urban infrastructures that are available. These include clean water for drinking along with proper sewer system. For sufficient supply of water in the future they work together with hydro geologists and civil engineers. Some planners tend to focus on community development through increasing social justice and coming up with ways that reduce poverty. They provide help to small business; improve the quality of affordable housing. They also develop programs so that jobs may be available in the community.

Planners go through challenges in that, public involvement is not easy. It is difficult to find people who are devoted to participate in planning process. Many professional in planning require one to attend meetings that start from five in the evening that may complicate family scheduling and interfere with recreation activities that happens after work (pp, 99). Completing the professional responsibilities is also a challenge. Planners find the role of politics planning been frustrating and hard to come up with solutions. This is due to the fact that, decisions along with actions needed in planning when taken to the government may be delayed by prolong debate that is not of use (pp, 99).

Planners take many paths to their career. Some may learn from their sisters, parents or else uncles. Almost all planners are drawn to their career in focusing on making the world a better place. They do find satisfaction in their work. Some students may become planners due to various reasons. Some may have had interest in architecture along with economics and environmental. For some may be as a result of getting a scholarship among others.

 

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Bank Management Goals and Structure

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In essence, management in any business set up is the act of getting people together with an aim of accomplishing desired objectives and goals using the available resources effectively and efficiently. With this in mind, bank management comprises of organizing, planning, leading staffing and controlling bank institutions. It is essential noting that, bank management ensures that the banking institution is managed effectively with goals along with effective structures. With this regard, this paper seeks to analyze the banking management in addition, examines how the overall structure manages various challenges.

Goals and Structure of Bank Management

            In facts, the overall goal of bank management is to establish the performance and the developmental goals that align with the visions and the strategy of the entire organization. According to Kennedy (1958), the chief goal of bank management is to improve the organizational alignment through cascading employees to align with the organizational strategies thus ensuring effective work performance. In addition, bank management consistently develops successful work performance through monitoring as well reporting on the progress and any are that require improvement. As a result, it establishes automated workflows thus, having a guarantee of progress. In conjunction with this, bank management recruit and hires people that meet qualifications in order to perform effective work performance.

In facts, the bank management list includes the board of directors, executive committee, corporate governance and other layers. In this regard, Kennedy (1958) raises a contentious issue that, banks may use the functional strategy through separate divisions that a bank engages.. Typically, banks have a formal structure that result in more bureaucracy than other companies in that, banks encounter assessment from government regulators. It is with no doubt; the bank management structure enables companies to create well-defined responsibilities through delegating duties.

Role of a Bank’s Board of Directors

            In essence, board of directors is appointed by shareholders to supervise and govern the bank operation thus, safeguarding shareholders investment. It is with no doubt; the duties and responsibilities of the board of directors are numerous. The foremost duty of the board of directors is to select the overall management. In this regard, Kennedy (1958) argues that, the board selects and appoints the top bank executives officers. The board of directors review work performance and in cases when the executive officers work is unsatisfactory they recruit other people.

Secondly, the boards of directors are responsible for formulating strategies and goals for the bank. With this in mind, the board assists in setting priorities for the bank thus, guarantee progress. It is important noting that, not only does the board of directors set out goals but; assist in managing risk. With this in mind, the main duty is to limit the exposure of the excessive risks which in this case include legal, financial along with the reputation. Through managing risk thoughtfully, they maintain the balance between caution and enterprise.

In addition, board directors allocate resources in the sense of taking money from people that want to save; to people that want to be lend. In this case, deciding on whom to lend is the foremost responsibility of the board of directors. In conjunction with this, Mac Donald and Koch (2009) argue that, boards of directors assist in resolving conflicts. It is a mandatory for the board of directors to step in resolving conflicts because; if not resolved they can collapse the entire banking institution.  It is borne in mind; the bank board of directors helps to protect stockholders in the sense that, many banks ensures board members own company stock in order to oversee the in success running of the bank. Subsequently, board of director’s conduct periodic audits of the bank, which as result, shows the progress of the bank. The audits are both structural and financial in nature. They examine the bank’s books along with management practices.

How Banks Manage Liquidity

            According to Mac Donald and Koch (2009), banks carefully manage their liquidity risk through monitoring the relationship of their short-term liabilities as opposed to short-term assets. It is with no doubt; the management of risk is accomplished through applying stress tests to all liquidity components thereby, determining what would happen if circumstances were to vary. In this regard, many banks issue balance sheet liabilities which represent assurance of the money been paid by the third part beneficiary if loans or other debts are not paid. Nevertheless, during economic turmoil periods, the notational liabilities are utilized being paid by the bank. With this regard, the banks account for these incidences in cases when the liquidity risk arrangement is initiated.

In conjunction with this, bank regulators maintain the periodic stock analysis, which as a result, assist the bank management to determine the effects of various events. For instance, when the short-term assets of banks are cut in half because of the revaluation of securities and bonds held. For this reason, other short term assets are replaced with the devaluation. Additionally, the bank borrows funds from the Federal Reserve Bank via discount window.

How banks manage credit and interest rate risk

            It is a well-documented fact; bank manage credit and interest rate risks through matching assets with liabilities, corresponding assets considerations and ensures interest rate of balance works. Under Matching Assets Consideration, banks continually adjust outstanding of liabilities with maturity structure of the new loans made daily. Certificates of saving and deposits accounts are interest rate, which banks prepare to offer competitive rates. With this regard, the issue of the structure maturity of liabilities is essential in that; it ensures the instantaneous line of commitment. With this in mind, banks hold meetings with businesses and individuals to prearrange lending if required. These agreements are written are usually written for a fee and one year time frame.

Under assets matching reflections, the bank determines how much loan is funded. On this basis, banks determine hard estimates of the aptitude to pay. Infrequently, loans are accounted short of maturity in order to benefit from liabilities and assets. In conjunction with this, banks ensure interest rate balance works. The fundamental aspect of this is that, balance of assets impact bank earnings. With this in mind, banks ensure they meet regulatory issues over loan diversification, loan making and liquidity.

In conclusion, it is important noting that, bank management play fundamental roles in organizing, planning, leading staffing and controlling bank institutions. With this in mind, the bank management structure enables companies to create well-defined responsibilities through delegating duties. This implies that, for any transaction to be effective it requires to be monitored by the structure of banking management. With this and more, this paper has analyzed the banking management in addition, examined the overall structure in managing various challenges.

 

 

References

 Kennedy, W. (1958). Bank management. California: Bankers Pub

Mac Donald, S.S and Koch,T.W. (2009). Bank Management. New York: Cengage Learning

 

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Australian Media Law

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            It is well documented that, Australian Media Law explains and outlines the complex legislation, case law along with regulations that govern media practice in fields of advertising, journalism, broadcasting and multimedia. The main purpose of Australian Media Law is to examine issues that mostly affect tradition forms of media, which include radio, television, newspapers and the recent forms such as email, internet, digital technology and computer bulletin boards (Cho, 2005). In this regard, Australian copyright law is based on lawfully enforceable rights of creators and artistic duties under the Australian law. This scope of the copyright within Australia is defined in the Australian Copyright Act 1968. A study indicates that, Copyright Act 1968 has been recognized currently with numerous amendments (Ogawa, 2006). The Act 1968 was passed into law in response to the help of Spicer Committee that had been appointed by the Australian Attorney General in 1958. For the past years, the Copyright Act 1968 has been known to have various implications concerning various aspects. In this regards, the paper seeks to examine the implications of the Copyright Act (1968) when reporting news.

Implications of the Copyright Act (1968) when reporting news

            To start with, copyright act 68  is to promote the public welfare using the advancement of knowledge. Actually, Act 1968 offers the incentive facts, which helps in reproducing and distributing media, work effectively. On the contrary, these rights have been subject to the vital limitations, which ensure that the purpose of advancing knowledge along with learning that is not hindered. It is important to note that, the main proposition of copyright is to balance the rights of creators along with those of publishers and users. Based on this argument, Copyright 1968 emphasizes on the principle of fair dealing that assists when reporting news.

In this sense, under fair dealing in reporting news its outlines that, a fair dealing with dramatic, literary, musical, artistic work or adaptation of the literary musical work does not constitute with infringement of the copyright. This occurs in cases when it is in the purpose of reporting news in magazines, newspapers or similar sufficient acknowledgement of the media work made. A time, it occurs in cases when it is in the purpose of reporting news through means of communication or else in a cinematograph film. Fact of playing musical work when reporting news through means of cinematograph film is not fair in that, it is assumed not to form part of the news reported. In relation to this, cinematograph film refers to the final version of recorded part in the film stock.

Additionally, the law has the implication of not having performership falsely attributed. A performer is required to record a performance or else communicate in the sound recording in their performance. Researches have shown that, from 26 July 2007, the copyright act 1968 has given performers moral rights in regards to live performances in news reporting and sound recording (Overbeck, 2006). With this in mind, the rights of consent ensure that, permission is granted to the individual communicating in the public through various means such as internet, radio or otherwise TV broadcast. However, if an individual does nay of the following things without permission may breach the performance rights. For instance, when he or she makes an unauthorized recording and he makes the unauthorized recording intentionally. In addition, an individual may bleach the law in cases of making an illegal communication to the public.

Consequently, there are performances that are covered under this act of media law. For instance, performances made by teachers and students within the course of educational instruction, sporting activity and when reading news. Additionally, the act sets out various factors taken into account when reporting news. These include the purpose in which the news is reported and the nature of the reporting. In this regard, the law outlines that, the main purpose of the news should be to communicate the message to the public. The law prohibits the aspect of reporting news with wrong agenda or accusation. In this sense, one is required to give truthful information without exaggerating the facts or defending.

Copyright law has worked on controlling information and knowledge used in communications. To fulfill this objective effectively, it has emphasized on recognizing the use of access copyright materials as a way of promoting all forms of publications. From this point of view, the revised act has permitted the use of material of the national library in that, the owner cannot be located. Consequently, libraries have been outlined to play a fundamental role in promoting information in a society. This is because, it collects and preserves the documentary heritage of a nation which in turn provide collection required in research and when reporting news (Golvan, 2007).

Another implication of the Copyright law 68 concerning matters of reporting the news is found in Division 5 subdivision D that entails airing works or news to be heard or else seen by the public. This law emphasizes that, news should be reported when there facts proving the truth on the information are been reported. In cases when the reporter or else the editor may not be supporting the facts reporting, he or she should not show the viewers his side especially when the news entails politics. By the use of this implication, many news reporters have been protected from the media conflicts that emerge because of sidelining with a certain political team, which may not be the same case to all members of the public. In this regard, media analysts argue that, Copyright law 68 helps the media department to air the right information in the right way (Overbeck, 2006).

Additionally, various studies have shown that, there have been continuous debates on whether the law is more beneficial or not. For instance, the decision of doing away with the copyright in headlines has seek to seal off the editorial content from individuals that fail to pay for the access of online material. However, some people fail to disagree on the above matter mentioned instead, they examine that the decisions tends to protect the content of publishers.

The most fundamental role of the law of defamation is to protect the individual character from unfair attack. Besides, the main aspect is to hinder free speech as a way of protecting influential people from inquiry. This assists in legal rights with options for individuals that may feel threatened by legal action on what they want to publish or report.

In conclusion, copyright decree 68 emphasis that, anything news report many to hurt a person’s reputation is considered defamatory. For instance, if an editor writes the newspaper on the aspect of how a certain politician is corrupt, this is outlined defamatory (Martin, 2002).

 

References

Cho, G. (2005). Geographic information science: mastering the legal issues. New York: John        Wiley and Sons Publisher

Golvan, C. (2007). Copyright Law and Practice. Sydney: Federation Press

Martin, J.B. (2002). Mass media: a bibliography with indexes. Washington DC: Nova Publishers

Ogawa, M. (2006). Protection of broadcasters’ rights. London: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers

Overbeck, W. ( 2006). Major principles of media law. New York: Cengage Learning

 

 

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Accounting

Introduction

            In facts, Knapp (387)[1] uses real cases to equip students with the working environment of auditors. The case is essential in the sense that, it recognizes various challenges faced by audits.  With no doubt; the examples pulled from actual auditing case enables many students to recognize critical factors along with circumstances that determine outcome audits. In other words, the case provides both the work role and environment of independent auditors. With this regard, this paper seeks to analyze three questions in pertain to auditing in regard to the case study.

1. 1.      Explain why some corporate executives may perceive that their independent auditors are necessary evil.”  How can auditors combat or change that attitude?

It is borne in mind; auditors’ independence is characterized with integrity and objective. They carry out their work freely with an objective manner. In facts, it becomes a big challenge for independent auditors in the sense that, their interest may not align with corporate executives. With no doubts; the independent may not align with the code of ethics of the corporate. With this regard, Knapp (367)[2] outline a case of Messina who in her auditing professional experienced various challenges. From the assumptions, there are various reasons why some corporate executives perceive their independent evil is because.

First, reluctance to invest may cause corporate executives to outline independent auditors to be evil in the sense that, the latter may be forced to invest resources and time to learn about an organization in cases when the auditor consent is short. As a result, they lose interest to corporate executives. Secondly, due to high rate of audit failures in the first and second year due to the time required for an effective audit approach. Thirdly, the investment done in independent auditors may involve massive cost, which to some extent, May disrupte other activities. Both auditors and corporate executives may change the attitude by jotting down the required amount to spend and length of carrying out credentials (Zenoff 35).[3]

 

 

 

 

1. 2.      Compare and contrast the responsibilities of an audit partner of a major accounting firm with those of a large public company’s CFO.  Which work role do you believe is more important?  Which is more stressful?  Which role would you prefer and why?

Similarities

According to Dicksee (30)[4], both the audit of a major accounting firm and CFO in a public company plays a major role in auditing. Secondly, both seek out to achieve goals in audit firm that entails appraising and reviewing the application of accounting that promote an effective control. They both oversee finances and ensure that they are going in the right direction

Differences

First, the CFO oversees finances of their company, while audit partners ensure that, CFO with accounting department are abiding into regulations. Secondly, the audit partner review the accounting practices made by the company, while the CFO address the strategic accounting practices from their company standpoint of view. Thirdly, the CFO ensures that all assets are spent wisely for the benefit of the company, while audit partner carry out his duties externally through effectively reviewing what the company has made (Richhiute 35).[5]

Based on my point of view, I outline the CFO duties essential in the sense that, he oversees financial direction of the company thus, ensuring growth. I would prefer the role of CFO because he enhances the company to work in the right direction.

1. 3.      What professional standards apply to “due diligence” investigations performed by accounting firms? 

According to Dicksee (30)[6], the due diligence investigations performed by accounting firms concerns depth and range. This stands when what is in hand carries rewards and risks, when outcomes become critical nature and when something is high-level importance. Due diligence is performed when hiring major employees, loaning large amount, for substantial investment and when engaging to the new vendor central to operations.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Work cited

Dicksee, Lawrence. Auditing: a practical manual for auditors. London: Ayer Publishing,   1976.   Print

Knapp, Michael. Contemporary Auditing: Real Issues and Cases. New York: Cengage      Learning, 2008. Print

Richhiute, David. Auditing. London: Thomson/South-Western, 2006. Print

Zenoff, David. Corporate finance in multinational companies. California: Euromoney       Publications, 1986. Print

 

 

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Transforming subject-matter knowledge: the role of pedagogical content knowledge in learning to reflect on teaching

            In the article, Transforming subject-matter knowledge: the role of pedagogical content knowledge in learning to reflect on teaching 1993, I have highlighted essential assumptions. In reality, Geddis is on the view that, teachers should transform knowledge into forms, which are accessible to students. In this regard, Geddis accounts this as a powerful tool in promoting knowledge to students. The article has fathomed my understanding particularly towards the aspect of learning effective teaching strategies to teach. The article is a metaphoric sense is unique, giving a wide content on effective ways of transforming knowledge during the learning process. Having a wide interest in knowledge concept, I have learnt that knowledge involves the complex learning, perception, communication, reasoning and association. With these facts, the article has related knowledge as a core capacity of understanding the subject to use it when appropriate. With this excerpt, Geddis outline that, teaching entails transmissions of knowledge to students, which therefore, should involve effective teaching strategies. Geddis article is deep in content in that; he has gone a head in explaining pedagogical content knowledge as the most powerful tool in teaching experience and practice.

While looking at Shulman concept of Pedagogical content knowledge, one can outline its accumulation to have common elements such as knowledge of the subject matter, knowledge of the possible misconception, knowledge of the curricula, and that of the general pedagogy. In facts, Shulman concept of pedagogical content knowledge is fathomable. With no doubt; Shulman concept on knowledge entails the concept of understanding what, when, why, and how to use reservoir of good teaching practices. With these facts, Geddis outline pedagogical content knowledge to be fundamental especially for beginning teachers in the sense that, it expands teaching capacity beyond the technical aspect of teaching. While arguing from this assumption, the article has strived to explain how Shulman concept could transform secondary science teachers when teaching the electrical current concept. With this in mind, I have leant that, creating interest in science students would only be achieved by teachers assisting students to restructure their assumptions concerning electrical current flow in the aspect that involves grasping issues of why and what circumstances. With no doubt; this would enable students to adopt the concept being taught thus creating the need for teachers to embrace Shulman concept of Pedagogical content knowledge.

While reviewing the article, Geddis argument on the aspect of learning to teach, has created great awareness on how complex and arduous,  it is to learn to teach. Often, teachers have inadequate ideas on how teaching process should be like, and as a result, there are negative consequences that result from such underestimation of difficult task in teaching such as anxieties for the few weeks in teaching, unnecessarily strict and a time ogres to students. The article content is subterranean in the sense that, it has gone ahead to explain the need for transforming subject matter concept for beginning teachers. Under this context, Geddis outline the need for beginning teachers to learn not just to teach the subject but, rather the concept of teaching fractions, electricity and history among others. For learning to be effective, teachers should be adequately prepared for any content relevant to teaching the subject. In facts, teaching practice would be effective if only they would apply Pedagogical content knowledge. With this in mind, I would recommend many teachers to read the article to highlight effective ways of teaching process as discussed by Geddis.

 

 

Online or face-to-face? Students’ experiences and preferences in e-learning

In essence, Paechter and Maier have effectively analyzed matters of how e-learning courses. In the article, Online or face-to-face? Students’ experiences and preferences in e-learning 2010, Paechter and Maier are on the view that, digital media has enriched both teaching and learning experiences. As argued in the article, digital media have become so much common that, it is everywhere among universities students and lecturers. Based on this assumption, in facts, the usage of digital media has increased rapidly, which as a result, has enlightened people globally on global issues. To prove this fact, Paechter and Maier outline how promotion programs of financial support by the government have been established as a way of motivating universities to improve the learning process. From the previous survey done,  Paechter and Maier (2010) outline to have been improvement in academic performance in that, students would learn effectively by evaluating past research done on different subjects or courses. With this in mind, many students have acquired knowledge thus, contributing to student satisfaction.

In conjunction with this, the article has shown how universities have embraced digital media in the learning process approved by findings outline in Australian Universities. In this regard, Paechter and Maier highlights a survey carried out in 2006 in Australian, which indicated that, 60 % of Australian students reported using digital media systems. With no doubt; the findings indicated how many universities have embraced digital media in higher learning institutions. Nevertheless, the article has fathomed my understanding in the application of e-learning in the sense that, it has outlined how little concept is known on students’ experiences in e-learning. In proving this fact, the article highlights digital media learning outcomes such as difficult in learning particularly when there is no interaction between the student and the tutor. Interestingly, Paechter and Maier have positively evaluated e-learning outcomes as competence, which students should achieve. In addition, students should have social and personal competence for instance, team work, which is fundamental in self-regulation along with monitoring learning process. Subsequently, the article has outlined the need for effective interaction between students and instructor providing examples of how instructor should handle students. Under this context, instructor should perform variety tasks in the teaching process such as supporting students in content of e-learning, which as a result, enhance students’ motivation.      Arguing from this assumption, the article is well-documented in the sense that, it shows the importance of instructor supporting students in e-learning activities. Therefore, not only is the learning process important but, social information important. From this assumption, the mutual supports with group cohesion are essential for students in the learning environment. As argued by Paechter and Maier, it creates satisfaction thus, enhancing motivation in participating in the learning environment. With no doubt; the content in the article is paramount important in that, both Paechter and Maier highlight a survey done for students evaluation in the e-learning process, which indicated satisfaction among students to be paramount important in the learning process. This assumption makes the article amalgamated thus, recommending both students and teachers in order to establish the importance of using digital media system in the learning process. In facts, the article has increased my knowledge in e-learning thus; outlining the article to be well-documented.

 

 

 

Reviewing the relations between teachers’ knowledge and pupils’ attitude in the field of primary technology education

In the article, Reviewing the relations between teachers’ knowledge and pupils’ attitude in the field of primary technology education 2008, Rohaan, Taconis and Jochems are on their view that, the field of primary technology is paramount important in stimulating a positive  attitude in pupils in technology. The article highlights the Pedagogical content knowledge to be fundamental in increasing learning along with interest in technology. Based on the fact that the technological world is developing fast, the article is deep in content in that; it creates the need for learning institutions to adapt to the technology world, which as a result, would increase the pupil technology knowledge. With this in mind, I have learnt that, technology education is paramount important in the sense that, it enhances students to adapt to the growing technology world thus, understanding the most competent areas in the 20^th Century such as energy, power, construction technology, agricultural, medical, communication and transportation among others. With no doubt; Rohaan, Taconis and Jochems article have outline technology education to be essential through increasing technology knowledge to pupils in a broad sense thus; imposing the need for, pupils learning technology studies.

Regarding primary teachers lacking confidence and ability to stimulate and develop the natural curiosity for technology among pupils is a pity. Under this context, the article highlights the need for teachers being equipped with the comprehensive technology concept in order to shape pupils attitude in learning process. Outstanding teachers’ requirements; it has increased my understanding regarding technology concept thus, imposing the need for learning institutions to be adequate with materials that enhance technology concept among pupils. Based on my perceptive, the concept of technology education innovation is fundamental in the sense that, pupils will be adequate prepared to face the world that is rapidly growing in technology. Interestingly, the article highlights benefits of having educated primary teachers in that, they would be full equipped with the knowledge to address various topics in technology. I conquer with the article assumption in the sense that, teacher knowledge is the umbrella that covers tacit knowledge to pupils thus, inspiring pupils to study technology at ease.

The article content is insightful in the sense that; the article outlines the need for teachers being equipped with pedagogical knowledge that enhances effective coaching of pupil in the learning process. Having knowledge on the benefits of pedagogical knowledge with no doubt; I conquer with the article assumption regarding pedagogical knowledge. It is a well-documented fact; pedagogical knowledge is paramount important in the learning process in that, it entails using powerful analogies, examples, illustrations and demonstrations to the learning of the most lessons and topics. In facts, the article is well articulated in that, it align with a past research that outline the Pedagogical content knowledge to be the most effective method in teaching experience. The article content is deep in that, if teachers would embrace Pedagogical content knowledge in teaching technology in primary schools; teachers would understand learning difficulties, and thus, assist in eradicating learning difficulties. With this in mind, I would recommend the article to learning institutions in order to understand the need for embracing technology education in primary schools.

 

 

Teaching Biology with passion

In the article, teaching Biology with passion 2011, Ward highlights important points of being a good biology educator. Ward (2011) outline three essential qualities of being a good biology teacher, which include passion, expert knowledge and practice on the subject matter. The article is interesting in that; Ward has gone a head in highlighting each point thus, and imposing essential trait for good teaching practices with the overall goal of improving a learning process. While reflecting on the article assumptions, passion is an important trait in life, which if embraced in the teaching process would enhance continuous growth in teaching professional in addition, motivating students to learn more in biology.

Interestingly, the author has imposed the need for teachers having a great passion in biology. To prove this fact, good biology teachers should teach in passion. Enhancing professional knowledge is paramount important in modifying teaching strategies, which ultimately enhance students performance. In facts, I enjoyed the article concept, thus recommending biology teachers to read the article. The article is brief, interesting and deep in content-highlighting essential qualities. With no doubt; the content is deep in content thus, providing guidance for biology teachers. The article infuses essential qualities for a successful biology teacher.

 

References

Daniel, W. (2011). Teaching Biology with passion, 73 (3) 132-133

Geddis, A. N. (1993). Transforming subject-matter knowledge: the role of pedagogical content    knowledge in learning to reflect on teaching. International Journal of Science Education, 15        (6) 673-683

Paechter, M.,& Maier, B. (2010). Online or face-to-face? Students’ experiences and preferences in e-        learning. Internet and Higher Education, 13:292–297

Rohaan, E.J., Taconis,R., & Jochems, W.M. (2008). Reviewing the relations between teachers’     knowledge and pupils’ attitude in the field of primary technology education.

 

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The Only Way Out Of American Economy

Introduction

            Even though many people believe that United State is experiencing economic growth and prosperity; the truth of the matter is that, the nation is experiencing incredible debt thus, making the nation future hopeless. In essence, the United State has accumulated massive debts most approved by economic experts who outline the nation the United State government to have most accumulated debts globally (Mc Cann 1). In this context, the massive debt has hindered the tremendous growth as well as, prosperity. There are various factors that seem to contribute to the United State economy to be dying such as, the oil situation that is easily solvable but, seem to be obstructed by the liberals. In such context, what the American economy requires, is someone who will stand to the bailout program and banks scams who to some extent seem to bankrupt the United State treasury. With this in mind, Mc Cann (1) outlines a need for the United State to come up with solutions that would flow true economic growth through mending many ills. The United State seems to be reluctant in terms of its resources, and despite the declaration of president Obama along with environmentalists, the united State fails to run out oil. It is beyond explanation that, United State seem to have so much natural wealth, and instead of making the national well economically it appears insolvency. In this regard, this paper seeks to analyze the article, The only way out of American economy 2011. In analyzing the article, the paper will evaluate the rhetorical appeals and the article content.

            The article summary

In the article, The only way out of American economy 2011, Mc Cann is on the view that, the United State accumulates massive debts, and for that reason, outlining the need for coming up with political decision that would mend many ills attributing to the economy stagnation. Mc Cann (1) continues outlining that United State has a lot of wealth, and instead of exploiting its citizens benefits, deliberately put the nation to be subjected to other nations thus, facing insolvency. Mc Cann has continued outlining that, United State has the potential of being the largest oil exporter, and from his argument, this would only be achieved if the technology improves. The article outline that, is significant for United States to introduce explorations areas in addition, permit construction of pipelines and refineries. With this in mind, the article outlines that, if United State takes the initiative of permitting the construction of pipelines and refineries, it would be subjected to boost economy thus, enhancing progress.

The article has gone ahead in outlining the United State the World’s largest oil reserve significantly to eliminating trade deficit in addition, increasing the standard of living. It appears that, the Bakken fields within the South and North Dakota, the new drilling is making of the oil feasible and by doing so, development is guarantee. With this regard, it is evaluated that, there are two hundred billion, but of oil in the Bakken fields within the South and North Dakota.

The article creates a great deal on the energy resource in the United State outlining how it would create unimaginable jobs in that; it would employ the workers drilling and extracting. This creates the demand for the American nation to extract oil, and not import as it has done for decades. From the article assumptions, the oil situation is solvable, but seems to be obstructed by liberals. What United State needs is political intervention to ensure that oil is run out effectively. In this context, the article outline that, despite the president Obama protestation, he seems to sideline the country running out oil thus, hindering the country potential to boost its economy. In addition, it has hindered windmills and solar not to produce sufficient fossil fuels, which would be an additional investment.

Rhetorical appeals

With no doubt; the article, The only way out of American economy 2011,  Mc Cann uses the logos rhetorical appeal most outline on the way he persuade the reader on facts that back up his argument. Giving facts creates a platform for the reader to understand the Mc Cann argument. For instance, the article gives facts that show how United State has neglected to use its resources like outlining the country imports to have increased by 7% than it was fifteen years ago. In conjunction with this, Mc Cann outlines how United State seems to import products from unstable countries. With no doubt; these facts show the reader how the country has neglected using its resource, and despite having sufficient resources there seem to be trade deficit thus, decreasing the standing of living and the country in risk of being in debt.

Subsequently, Mc Cann reason with the reader persuade the reader through making an effective reasoning of the impacts that would emerge if the United State was to open for construction of pipelines and refineries that eventually would extract oil. In this regard, the article has gone a head in outlining that, if United State was to extract oil, it would create unimaginable job opportunities, which eventually would guarantee additional investment.

The article assumptions and audiences

In essence, the article assumption is that, despite many people assuming that the United State is doing well economically; the country has accumulated  massive debts, and for that reason, outlining the need for coming up with political decision that would mend many ills attributing to the economy stagnation. Typically, the article has gone in outlining how there have been political negligence under oil extraction thus, the nation experiencing economic stagnation. The article has gone a head in outlining how united State has not effectively used its oil resources as ought to be.

From the article assumption, the audiences would be managerial audiences in that the article has effectively analyzed background information, statistics and facts to show the reader his assumption. This implies that, managerial audiences require more knowledge about the subject so that they can flow with the article assumption. In this context, the article presents in detail the economic despair that reigns in the United State through facts and statistics.

The kind of editorial that seems not to make sense    

Based on my perceptive, to some extent, the editorial seems not to make sense when he outlines that there should be a political decision to recover the economic preeminence. In this context, the article fails to mention what should be done whether through balancing the budget, taxing more and spending-less. From my point of view, if such an assumption was done, the reader would understand more on political decision towards boosting the economy growth.

Conclusion

As discussed in the paper, the United State has incredible debt thus, making the nation future hopeless. In the article, The only way out of American economy 2011, Mc Cann is on the view that, there is a need for the United State coming up with political decision that would mend many ills that attribute to economy stagnation. As discussed in the paper, there is a need for United State using its resources as ought to be in order to create job opportunities thus guarantee investment and good standard of living. In this regard, this paper has analyzed the article, The only way out of American economy 2011. In analyzing the article, the paper has evaluated the rhetorical appeals and the article content.

 

Work cited

Mc Cann, Steve. The Only Way Out for the American Economy. Retrieved from:

            <http://www.americanthinker.com/2011/03/the_only_way_out_for_the_ameri.html>,        2011.

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Hidden Bias test

Hidden Bias result on preference on preference between thin people and fat people was pretty to what I anticipated. The item that influenced my score on IAT was my conscious knowledge about the topic. The IAT result reflects on my automatic thoughts along with feelings concerning the topic. On my opinion, the experience was interesting. Many of the answers that I gave were addressed for the last ten years. In that many preferred being, thin to being fat. According to Project implicit (1998, p.1), fat people are most associated with obesity.

These results were as follow

• 25 % strongly preferred thin people to fat people
• 27 % moderately prefer thin people to fat people
• 18 % slightly prefer thin people
• 19% little to no automatic preference between the two
•  7 % slightly prefer fat people
• 4 % moderately prefer fat people
• 1 % prefer fat people

What can be done to address the concerns of prejudice and bias in your life and/or environment?

Five things can be done in addressing the concern of prejudice and bias in an individual and environment. These include:

1)      Deal with any element of prejudice.

2)      Step in, in understanding the root of prejudice in my life

3)      Ask my friends how they view my ability in distinguishing friends

4)      Share with someone that can positively influences me to change

5)       Being committed to change

Overall consistent or inconsistent with Allport’s theory of prejudice

In psychology, there are theories that address the issue of prejudice. For instance, Allport viewed prejudice as a situational threat that is posed by negative stereotypes. In my opinion, I perceive Allport thoughts towards prejudice. He assed that, if one is prejudiced towards a group of people, there is likelihood of being prejudice towards other groups. In additional, he assed that, no one is born with prejudice but it is acquired with time (Zeeberg, 1997, p10).

He further explained that, prejudice and discrimination is expressed in escalating forms of violence. This violence eventually leads to spoken abuse that he called “Antilocution”, Racism and violence against people and property.

Allport’s perspective on how attitudes like bias and prejudice relate to one’s personality and style of thinking.

In 1954, Allport presented a theory that showed how attitudes like bias and prejudice relate to one’s personality and style of thinking. Prejudice elevates a false identity of self-worth making an individual think he is more important. This may lead to the person discriminating in erasing his importance and self-esteem (Carducci, 2009, p15)

Allport opinion on how tolerance group differences in an individual can be learned

Tolerance of group differences can be learned. Various tools have been discussed in Allport theory in increasing tolerance in an individual despite of group differences (Teaching tolerance, 1999, p.1).These include the following:

• Attend an event whose race is different from your own.
• Take a conversion in another language that is spoken in your community
• Buy tolerance books, magazines and films to help improve tolerance.
•   Value input of every individual.
• Establish a personal policy of doing away with discrimination and self-worth.
• Encouraging community activist to fight discrimination
• Parents, faith leaders, teachers and community leaders can assist children in molding their values, beliefs in a lovely and supportive ways.

 

 

 

References

   Carducci, B.J.(2009).  The Psychology of Personality: Viewpoints, Research, and Applications. California: Wiley-Blackwell. P11

Project implicit.(1998). Project Implicit Information Site.pp1

Teaching tolerance. (1999). Test Yourself for Hidden Bias. Professional development. pp1

Zeeberg,B.R.(1997). The Nature of Prejudice: A Philosophical, Sociological, and Biological          Evolutionary Inquiry into the Relationship of External Reality and the Human Brain.        New York: Barry Zeeberg.p10

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Alexander McQueen collection of a spring summer 2011

Introduction

            For many years, Alexander McQueen has been viewed to be the most inspiring designer. Alexander McQueen was born in London in 1969 and died in 2010. His work has been so inspiring such that, up to date many have emulated his fashion design. Alexander McQueen is known for his remarkable emotional power as well as raw energy demonstrated in his career. His collection is combined with profound respect for the arts and crafts traditions. Without doubt, Alexander collection has become an inspiring fashion design in the entire world in that, his collections are sold in over thirty-nine countries. His brand fans include Hollywood icons, Lady Gaga, Kate Moss, Gwyneth and Beyonce (Quinn 5).Designers analysts argue that, Alexander had was an expert in design proved by the achievements he acquired for his inspiring designs (Moti 1). Some of the rewards he has acquired include British designer of the year 2003, 2001, 1997, 1996 and the grooming award fashion director 2007. With this and many more, this paper seeks to analyze the designer Alexander McQueen collection of a spring summer 2011.

To start with, Alexander collection consist of women wears, men wears, eyewear accessories and fragrance.  Alexander women Spring summer 2011 collection is both pagan and bohemian in spirit. The value of hard crafts-man ship along with precious quality of objects found in women spring summer 2011 are upheld. His construction is light with pieces intricately worked in hands. Fabric appears to fall away with the garment in addition, fitting different body sizes. The women collection is portrayed unique in that, it fits all body size. From his collection, one can outline that, his collection fits all body size in that he has the best design for a particular body size.

Additionally, Alexandra women dresses collections are mostly white in color. This is significant in the sense that, white dresses tend to give unique looks to women and dress can be worn for any event. It is borne in mind, most of Alexandra collection are celebrities; with this in mind, white color tends to pant the attractive fact of gaining a personality. Additionally, white dresses seem is professional at any time. Other colors in Alexandra collection are dark colors, which in essence signify the aspect of strength of a personality.

In conjunction with this, Alexander McQueen Bags spring summer 2011 belongs to his perfect legacy that portrays his intricate design, cool ideas, feminine and a great collection. The bags consist of the usual reptile leather, sophisticated designs and numerous details such as flowers, brass knuckles, leaves patters and skulls patterns. His bag collection is made of high quality leather and numerous decorations desirably.

In addition, Alexander spring summer 2011 shoes is a true genuine fashion full of originality. The shoes are collection inspired by spring feeling, which many inspire and dive into sunshine. Designer analysts argue that, his designs is the most incredible shoe and sandals for women approved in the modern season (Quinn 10).  Alexander collection is an interpretation of boutique, which has models of shoes with toes sandals, stripes shoe, butterflies placed on them which captures the spirit that enchant the whole world. Researchers argue that, it is essential for every designer to accessories that attract the users to wear as well appear attractive (Quinn 5). This being the predominant key to designers, Alexander inspires many people in the shoe collection by use of butterflies decorations in shoes, which makes sought-after many celebrity like Beyonce, Jessica Alba, Naomi Campbell and Lady Gaga among others. It is important noting that, the nature of butterflies plays a fundamental role in the design. It is well known that, butterflies with flowers find colors that align together in addition, signifies natural beauty.

Some of the shoes collections are made off fur, which as a result, plays a fundamental role in making the user warm especially in cold weathers. Additionally, this imposes a calmly message when one glimpse into the shoe picture. With this regard, designer experts argue that, just like a carpenter requires a hammer, saw and nail to do his job so does fashion designer require certain tools to make the clothing desirable and attractive (Evans 15). In this regard, Alexandra shoe collection made of fur tends to complement any fabric. Additionally, use of fur has added the real glamour and a class to the shoe collection of Alexandra.

In essence, men collections are remarkable. His collection mostly outlined in both cool colors and warm colors being a significant aspect in fashion design. According to design experts, colors convey a message in addition; assist in targeting a particular market (Quinn 5). It is with no doubt, Alexander recognizes the need of having variety colors with knowledge that, what may be working in one person may not be working in the other. For instance, there are varieties of brown suits of men that evoke the sense of strength as well as reliability that are good business traits. Additionally, most of men collections are black in color, which is widely recognized for stability. In this regard, studies indicate that, Alexander opt for variety colors based on his target market that are mostly celebrities that opt for many colors (Evans 10). As a result, this creates confidence in the brand and in the Alexander business in whole.

Fundamentally, Alexandra jewels accessories consist of earrings, brooches, necklaces, rings and bracelets. In this aspect, the jewels consist of variety colors and different shapes. The collection is remarkable in that, in the principle of design variety; it adds interest that makes it grab attention.  Alexandra jewels create a unique aspect from the rest of other artwork designs in that, he makes the whole piece more interest to be worn. What gives his design visual notable unique is the aspect of different size, colors, values and shapes. Additionally, the colorful jewels tend to grab attention, which as a result, makes the accessory admirable.

In conjunction with this, Alexander McQueen summer collection 2011 is unique in its own way. His fashion portrays desirable design. Various things sets Alexandra design unique which include his understanding on the fashion trends, clothing ranges as well as color groups, and the knowledge that makes clothing to stand out as perfect balancing style and function. Additionally, he recognizes the design theme, which affects the fashion design industry. As a result, his clothing stands out to be perfectly balancing style and function. With this regard, researchers argue that, Alexandra is the most desirable fashion designer who is emulated in basic patter alteration knowledge (Evans 10). His good creative skills make fashion design unique particularly in knowing types of operations and clients that suit clients.

Conclusion

            It is a well documented that, Alexandra McQueen summer 2011 collection is widely recognized. First, it is unique in nature, attractive and inspiring. It is without doubt that, Alexandra has left a legacy in fashion design. As discussed in this paper, women collection is portrayed unique in that, it fits all body size. From his collection, one can outline that, his collection fits all body size in that he has the best design for a particular body size. Secondly, his bag collection is made of high quality leather and numerous decorations that make it to be more desirable. Thirdly, the shoes are remarkable consist of butterflies and flowers design in different colors. Butterflies and flowers signify natural beauty in addition; fur adds the real glamour and a class to the shoe collection of Alexandra. In conjunction with this, there is men collection, which inspires many people to keep on grasping. For instance, there are varieties of brown suits of men that evoke the sense of strength as well as reliability that are good business traits. Additionally, Alexandra jewels tend to create a unique aspect from the rest of other artwork designs in that, he makes the whole piece more interest to be worn. What gives his design visual notable unique is the aspect of different size, colors, values and shapes.

With this in mind, Alexandra design has been outlined to stand out as perfect balancing style and function. In addition, he is most desirable fashion designer emulated in basic patter alteration knowledge. In this regard, this paper has examined the designer Alexander McQueen collection of a spring summer 2011.

 

 

 

Work cited

Evans, Caroline. Fashion at the edge: spectacle, modernity and deathliness. New York: Yale         University Press, 2007. Print

Moti, Roswitha. Alexander McQueen by Sarah Burton 2011 Spring Summer Collection.   Retrived from: http://estilo-tendances.com/alexander-mcqueen-by-sarah-burton-2011-        spring-summer-collection/. 2011. Print

Quinn,Bradley.  Techno fashion. New York: Berg Publishers, 2002. Print

 

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Comparison of accounting ethics

Accounting ethics is a code of principles that govern the accountants in their job of accounting. Due to the increase in professionals performing the job, the need for quality services for Accounting is maintained by accounting ethics. This article compares different accounting ethics as set by the International federation of Accountants (IFAC) and the Code of Ethics for professional accountants (AICPA), referred to as the IESBA and AICPA codes in the article.

For good performance of accountants, there must be set code of standards that every accountant is to work within. Although every accounting firm may have its code of ethics, it is vital familiarize itself with the international ethics standards board for accountants (IESBA), Code of professional accountants (AICPA) as well as international federation of Accountants (IFAC). These codes of ethics or standards govern accountancy worldwide

IESBA is responsible for putting in place accounting profession standards globally. This code revision and was updated in 2009, making clarity on requirements for accountants and build up requirements on independence. This code took effect5 from January 2011, permitting earlier adoption.

The two codes has a similarity in that, they give a similar result when right patter has been followed. Both codes point on areas like, due care, truthful information reporting, independence and confidentiality. The two has difference drafting conventions as well as formatting approaches.

Accounting professionals are expected to adhere to IESBA Principles and at the same time apply use conceptual framework means in determining their level of compliance with these principles. AICPPA on the other hand only calls for its members for use of the conceptual framework if specific rules do not touch their condition. IESBA also explains independence issues and rules that do not confer with AICPA. IESBA in another aspect imposes extra independence provisions like Public interest entities unlike (PIEs) AICPA that does not hold same provisions but having rules that are more restricting to their work, which would bring same results as the PIEs for IESBA.

To improve on their rules, AICPA In 2008 initiated a Project for codification of their ethics to enhance as well as reformat the literature of their rules. This was aimed at improving the code through designing it to be more topical, familiar, and easier to use.

Conclusion

Despite more differences on the two Ethics codes on the approaches, their results are similarly arrived at. IEBSA code is involved with more and complicated rules that AICPA. ICPA improvement should continue to make sure that accountancy professionals under the code could also handle the IEBSA code.

 

 

 

The road for IFRS towards its implementation

IFRS is an abbreviation for international financial reporting standards. This article determines the history and advancement of IFRS towards its implementation.

The intention of IFRS adoption was announced in 2008 by (SEC) Securities and Exchange Commission and standard change was proposed by 2014 if there would be fulfillments. This had good plans and intentions but the process was very low. In December 2010 the deadline for was pushed to 2011 after no good results had turned when the SEC set and approved 2015 as the year for the IFRS to start effectiveness worldwide.

The international standards for finance is to ensure a similar set of transaction system, which is to be followed by firms, individuals and companies all around the world, giving a result that is comparable globally on financial statements. The globalization of multi-national financial markets increases the gap for global comparable regulations and standards of accounting. The basic difference between the International IFRS and GAAP (Generally accepted accounting practices) is that is on ‘control’ definition that affects transactions qualifying as combinations of business and are subject to be consolidated. IFRS has focused on control power; which is the power for governing operation and financial policies of a body in order to get accrue benefits from its activities.

Conclusion

With the end convergence towards implementation of IFRS on 2015, the standardization of financial statements and reporting will have improved.  The target should be made sure its arrived to keep the goals of IFRS realistic.

 

 

Introduction to accounting

For proper functioning and operation of accounting professionals, some principles has been set aside to help them in their work of accounting. This paper defines accounting and goes future, giving brief information on users of financial statements/accounting.

Accounting can be defined as an act of collection, analyzing and posting, making summaries of financial transactions in a more organized manner, providing relevant information for decision makers. It also entails interpretation of relevance of relationships displayed in financial statements. Financial statements refer to the reports on finance, produced in the process of accounting and include income statement, cash flow statement balance sheet and equity statement. Accounting in a further extent ensures that financial transaction reporting has been done properly. This is standardized by the generally accepted accounting principles. (GAAPs).

The information obtained in financial accounting is relevant and is used by different stakeholders of the accounting firm. There are two categories of users of this information, namely; internal and external users. External users include those stakeholders who are not within the operating business coverage. Examples of external users are; government, creditors, labour unions, government and public. Creditors are outside stakeholders who give credit or loans to the operational business and include; suppliers, banks and financial institutions.

Internal users include stakeholders within the business and play a role in operating it. They include; management, employees, board of directors and external board of directors. Different stakeholders use the information differently depending on the area of jurisdiction and purpose.

 

 

Conclusion

Keeping of accounting records is essential as it can be used by any specific stakeholder at time of need. Records of financial accounting should be kept for the healthy of any business activity.

 

 

 

 

References

Jerry J. Weygandt, Paul D. Kimmel, Donald E. Kieso: (2010) Financial Accounting: IFRS Edition: John Wiley and Sons, United States

Kimberly Charron, CMA, and Tommy Moores (2011): The Road to Convergence: business combinations under IFRS and GAAP 2011 Institute of management accountants, United States

Donatila A. (2007): Fundamentals of Accounting: Basic Accounting Principles Simplified for Accounting Students: AuthorHouse, USA

 

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Abortion                                                                                                                                                       2

Political Science

Abortion has been defined as the termination of a pregnancy by removal of Fetus or Embryo. This can either occurs in complications during pregnancy usually termed as Miscarriage or terminated intentionally. This is done through various methods that include use of sharp tools, traditional methods and herbal methods. (Zastrow et al, pp 80). Abortion is one of the most visible topics in American politics. Studies have argued that, individual are responsible in performing abortion. Individuals may find their own reasons to support but this should not give the government to support abortion decision (Unies, pp 34). In my opinion abortion should not occur unless if it is life threatening to the mother and in cases where the baby is born out of rape, with fatal diseases or deformities. The practice of abortion has its own health risk to the mother and therefore should not be encouraged. This paper aims at finding the reasons as to why the government should not play in abortion decision unless in few cases where the mother’s life is threatening, child deformities cases or when the baby is born out of rape.  In order to do this, the paper assess the existing body that helps in looking at the effects that abortion has and later comes up with reasons as to why abortion should not be supported by the government unless in cases of life threatening, rape and child deformities.

Abortion has effect on the mother’s body, society, future pregnancy, the father among others. The Woman’s who have undergone abortion are at high risk of getting Cancer. The Uterus may also be damaged during the practice of removing the Fetus or the Embryo.  The sides effects of abortion may at time be life threatening that include death during the time of surgery. Physical effects may have effect on women life that may have succeeded in the procedure. The woman may be withdrawal from social activities leading to mental challenges of depression along with stress. Studies have shown that any surgery done tend to decrease functionality of immune system (Zastrow, pp 82). The consequences of this may put the body vulnerable to bacteria’s as well as viral infections. A woman may develop loss of appetite and fatigue that are the key symptoms of insulin problems in immunity dysfunction. The abortion may have effects on emotions that include guilt that may cause the victim to be unable to forgive herself leading to low self esteem. Intense grief and sadness may occur along with anger and rage. In few cases, the victim may experience night mares. In cases where women suffer mental and emotional anguish, studies shows that, 65% thoughts of suicidal rates take place (James, pp10). Bleeding after abortion take place and this may lead to risk of severe bleeding causing the woman to loose a lot of blood. Medical expects argues that, women who undergo induced pregnancy carry high risks of delivering prematurely in future (Unies, pp 35).   Women who have understanding of God may be affected spiritually.

Abortion has effect on the society and family in large. Death cases of women rise in the society leading to high number of single families of children living with only one parent. High cases of premarital death may therefore arise. High cases of health problems that include Sexual transmitted diseases, breast cancer, heart diseases among others in the society may have a high cost of care. Many men responsible for the pregnancy, experience a sense of guilty, sadness and remorse when abortion take place. The man may face the same emotional challenges as that of the mother (Zastrow et al, pp 82). A study shows that, many pregnant women tend to die when doing abortion hence reducing the population of the Country (Unies, pp 38).

Abortion has severe effects in the mother’s body, society, family and spiritual point of view as discussed. However, if the baby threatens the mother life, then in my opinion, abortion should sometimes be justified. This should be allowed in certain conditions for instance when the life of mother is in danger. There should be a good reason supporting this in cases where either the mother or child will die or when the child saved may have deformities. Many Christian region have supported this fact in that,  they view saving the life of  mother crucial instead of saving the life of a child that may later have deformities and eventually die. For instance, the Church of England agrees with this fact but base its argument on the fact that, abortion should

 

be a decision left to those involved (Zastrow et al, pp 8). There is however strong debates as to why this should be done. Different people have argued that abortion should not take place at any given time for babies are viewed as gifts for an individual from God (Unies, pp 38). However, on my opinion, babies are indeed gift from God to an individual but why should a woman conceive a baby that will end up destroying her life. If the mother die the baby may have a difficult life such as not having enough money to raise it and later in life suffer mentally or else physically. The option of saving the life of a mother is worth in preventing the future suffering of the baby. Abortion should also be justified if the pregnancy is as result of rape. The mother may experience stress and depressions because of trauma that happen after rape and this may make both the mother and the baby suffer and die. The mother may be too young to have a child that may be as a result of rape. In other cases, if the baby may have deformities, it is more likely for the baby to be born with disabilities both mentally and physically. In such incidence, abortion should be an easier option for the mother may be scared to raise the child with deformities.

In United state, statistics show that fifty four percent of women who become pregnant neither intend to have it. Forty seven percent of these women tend to opt for abortion (James, pp1). James argues that, many of these women are not ready for parenthood. Regardless for these reasons for abortion the government should not play in abortion decision unless in few cases that is mentioned in this paper. Many people desire to have a baby but cannot have one due to certain reasons. Instead of abortion been encouraged, unwanted baby may be adopted to the truly wanted family. The life of unborn life humanity should not be ignored. Abortion is immoral and murder and the government should not debate it. Abortion rights give women opportunities to terminate pregnancies killing the proportion of next generation. When we destroy one life we destroy a nation.

Abortion has severe effects in the woman body, society along with family. The health risks of abortion listed above support why governmental should not debate on abortion rather should punish those who engage in abortion intentionally. This will protect lives of unborn children. Such penalization should be justified by the government to fight increase in abortion. Supporting abortion encourage young girls and women to engage in premarital sex activities that later may cause immorality in the society. It is also important to understand that if the government supports abortion, cases of sexual transmitted disease are most likely to be high. This is because during surgery, victims are more likely to be infected with diseases for instance, A.I.Ds among others. The government may be anti-abortion through pursuing programs that would encourage women experiencing unwanted pregnancy to choose parenthood or else adoption. When this knowledge is properly understood it will reduce high chances of abortion.

Government should not support abortion for this may result to high number of deaths cases in the society. Increase of sex irresponsibility would occur since men would not be responsible of their sex lives action. Finally, rise in breast cancer may take place when the government supports the decision.

 

Conclusion

In conclusion, abortion is one of the problems facing the entire world. The effects of abortion are hard to bear. The effects affect the society as a whole. Men and women should be in charge of their sexual responsibility by taking charge of consequences that are brought by engaging in sexual activities for instance early pregnancies. Adaption of the baby should be encouraged instead of abortion that may lead to healthy problems. The effect may be psychological, emotional, and physical among others. On the other hand, there are a number of reasons when abortion should be justified.  These include, when the mother’s life is in danger, in cases where pregnancy is as result of rape and when the child has deformities that may result to the baby being born with disabilities both mentally and physically. Abortion is immoral and

 

murderer, therefore, the government should not support abortion unless it s life threatening to the mother and if the baby will be born with a fatal disease, deformity or in the cases of rape. Abortion rights give women opportunities to terminate pregnancies killing the proportion of next generation. When we destroy one life we destroy a nation. Increase of sex irresponsibility as result of government support in abortion may occur since men would not be responsible of their sex lives action. Finally, rise in breast cancer may take place when the government supports the decision. The government may reduce cases of abortions through pursuing programs that would encourage women and girls experiencing unwanted pregnancy to choose parenthood or else adoption. Effects on abortion should be taught in schools so that this knowledge may be properly understood.  Parents should give enough advices to their teenage girls on sex matters so as to avoid unwanted pregnancies (James, pp10).

Having assessed the effects that abortion has, it is evident that government should not support abortion unless it s life threatening to the mother, if the baby will be born with a fatal disease or deformity or in the cases of rape

 

 

 

                                                                                                                                              5

References

Unies, N. (2002). Abortion policies: United Nations publishers: Vol 633 pp 38-50, 2002.

James, R. (1997).  Pro-choice and anti-abortion: constitutional theory and public policy: Greenwood publisher: Vol 140 pp 1-80, 1997

Zastrow, C. (2009).  Understanding Human Behavior and the Social Environment: Cengage learning Publisher: Vol 727 pp 82-86, 2009

 

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