Clinical Psychology

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            The biological, social and psychological factors are paramount important in understanding behavior pattern. While analyzing the case of Karen Carpenter, Robert, Meyer, Kevin & Christopher (2009) are on the view that, there are various factors involved. In facts, Karen was teased about his weight mostly by her mother and her brother whom she admired most. As a result, this destroyed her self-esteem to the extent she changed her view on body image thus; resulting to psychological abnormal behaviors. Subsequently, Karen lost twenty five pounds devoted to losing weight. With these facts, Karen was affected psychologically due to criticisms she encountered from both her mother and brother. Despite Karen having a chance to exploit in music; her self-esteem could not hold the opportunity in that, she outlined her brother better than him. Worse to this, Karen mother was much controlling to Karen in addition, favored Karen brother. Under this context, psychiatrist outlines such background to result to social problems attributed by denigrations (Richard, 1978). This imply that, Karen was vulnerable to social problems in that;  her family criticized her so much that, her confidence was destroyed. There was no parental love, and as a result, kept Karen under control socially. Her mother failing to recognize Karen talent would be a psychological factor on Karen life reducing her self-confidence and self-esteem.

Subsequently, as Karen soared in her career, there was a concern from the media on her weight, which as a result, made her to diet to maintain the ideal beauty of the society. Unfortunately, Karen became ill due to excessive exercise. To many, Karen story is a perfect example of an individual suffering from social and psychological factors. Under this context, Karen lacked true identity and strong self-esteem, and no wonder everything she was told she ended up conforming to it. Karen was much driven by people hearsays on the body to the extent; she ended up excising excessively to lose weight.

Eventually, her low self-esteem, poor self-image, self pity and lack of confidence were transferred in her marriage. These conditions could not hold Karen marriage in that; she was suffering socially and psychologically. Despite her conditions of being fatty being biological, the environment she grew was unfavorable to her. As outlined in the case, there was no support and love from Karen family, and instead of believing in her, they criticized her more. She eventually developed poor self image, lack of confidence and identity, which increased the vulnerability of taking ipecac for weight loss. Karen story is pathetic in that; she started abusing ipecac, which eventually facilitated side effects in heart failure. Instead of Karen situation getting better, she died with her story being a public forefront of anorexia nervosa (Robert, Meyer, Kevin & Christopher, 2009).

While highlighting Karen case, Karen seemed to be psychologically affected by her criticisms on her big hips. This generated poor self-image to the extent; she aligned by what people told her. Karen initiative of loosing weight can be categorized as a psychological factor that attributed her exercising excessively and abusing ipecac. Karen experiences on the other hand attributed to social problems affecting her social abnormal behavior. No wonder her marriage would not last.

 

References

 Robert G., Meyer, L., Kevin C & Christopher M. W. (2009).  Case studies in abnormal    behavior. New York:  Pearson Education/Allyn & Bacon

Richard, H.P. (1978). Abnormal behavior: perspectives in conflict. London:  Holt, Rinehart and    Winston

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Report on Economic Policy on Climate Change

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There have been continuous issues regarding whether climate change is both a scientific and economical problem. With this regard, my senior manager has been among those that believe climate change is only scientific in that, climate change is only essential in the physical process. With this in mind, this paper seeks to write a report to the senior manager in context of explaining how climate change is both scientific and economical.

According Stille (2006, p13), climate change is the long-term change in weather patterns for over a period. Other studies assume climate change to be the change in the global climate patterns largely attributed to increase levels of carbon dioxide produced by fossil fuels (Kitcher, 2010 pp1230). Climate changes tend to range from decades to decades. Nevertheless, the common climate change is change in relative humidity, changing levels of green house and global warming among others. With this regard, Global warming occurs when greenhouse gases trap light and heat from the sun, which as a result, increases temperature.

Maslin (2007, p100) argue that, global warming hurts many people, plant along with animals to the extent of dying. With this regard, global warming effects to the environment may be economic, ecological or else physical. The economic effects occur in the sense that, severe storms and floods cause a lot agricultural damages. As a result, this severely affects farmers who generally may have depended on Agriculture. It is essential jotting that, agriculture is the key implement towards the rise of economic growth in that; farmers nurtures the development of a country through the land been sustainable to raising both mankind and species. It is with no doubt, agriculture damages cause food shortage in a nation and as a result, raising the cost of living. To some extent, the country may experience food shortage thus becoming an economic problem. In addition, Ecological impact occurs through species affected in unfavorable climate and lack of food due to crop damage. In addition, global warming affects human health best approved by European heat in 2003 that killed almost 30, 000 people (Weart, 2008 pp88).

In conjunction with this, Schneider (1990 pp 77) argue that, Greenhouse effect occurs when sun’s light and heat are trapped in the earth’s atmosphere after the rise in temperature in the sun’s heat and light. It is a well-documented fact; greenhouse makes the earth appropriate for human beings and species to survive. However, when there are many gases, the earth become unusual warmer, which as a result, causes plants and animals to die, which would affect economy because production in factories would stop due to damage of crops. Additionally, in places where there are ice glaciers in higher attitudes that melt rapidly, it increases water thus, causing floods in the rivers thus, destroying everything on earth. Low level of carbon dioxide would cause plants not to grow thus reducing crops and eventually affecting economy as discussed in the paper.

Stille (2006, pp 55) argue that, the best policies for overcoming climate change problem would be reducing carbon and greenhouse gas emissions. This would save money and make the environment a place to live in. The concept of Australian consumers using over six billion plastic bags and only 0.5 % of these bags are recycled. With this in mind, recycling polythene bags reduces carbon dioxide emission and reducing the cost of polythene bags. Other policies include punishing heavy polluters of the environment to mitigate economic problem. Additionally, human beings responsible over planting trees, which as a result, attracts rainfall thus; crops flourishing well resulting to economic growth. If these were done, it would eradicate future problems of climate change.

 

Biography

Khor, M. (2010), Complex Implications of the Cancun Climate Conference, Vol XLV, no 52, pp   10-15.

Kitcher, P. (2010), The Climate Change Debates, Vol 328, pp 1230-1234.

 

Maslin, M. (2007), Global Warming: Causes, Effects, and the Future, New York, MBI      Publishing Company.

Schneider, S.H. (1990), Global warming: are we entering the greenhouse century, Washington     DC,  James Clarke & Co. Publisher.

Stille, D.R. (2006),  The Greenhouse Effect: Warming the Planet, New York, Compass Point        Books

Weart, S.P. (2008), The discovery of global warming, California, Harvard University Press

 

 

Biography

 

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Chinese Revolution 

The Chinese society had experienced various problems in the past. There were problems of discrimination, social injustice, corruption in the government and leaders not being effective in their work. There were many politicians who identified these problems and gave their solutions. Mao Zedong. being one of them, was a political theorist, author and a leader of Chinese revolution. He held authoritarian control over his nation until his death. When other leaders abandoned “Great leap forward” which plan intended to enhance economic growth, he implemented the program that later empowered the community. He ensured the program focused on heavy industries that were advocated by Chinese. As a way of supporting the private food production, he implemented new agriculture techniques that helped ownership of farms. As a result, this led to economic growth of the country.

He had a passion for making china a better place for every individual despite of their differences. His effort in creating the postwar world of the two divided blocs to complex balance states was an aspect of a leader who was fully dedicated to serve his nation. His effort in China awakening through World War 11 is highly recognized. As a victorious leader, he identified problems in Chinese society and looked beyond in giving solutions that would mold the society and progress of country.

The first problem was lack of peace in the country and the society.  In China history, there was Socialist, Communists, Democratic along with dictatorship form of government.  The democratization process of China was very slow that made Millions of people being killed by those that resisted democratization. Conflicts emerged in the society thus there was no peace. Mao saw the need of the country having a democracy, which in return would guarantee the political legacy and facilitate peace in the country. After the government implemented this idea, there was peace and Chinese could live in harmony with one another.

The second problem he identified was Corruption. Analysis revealed that, various cases of abuse power by state and its officials had increased by that period. This awaked Mao who later decided to deal with corruption through leading by example. By all standards he ruled the largest population globally and became a political hero fighting corruption. He ensured all resources were being distributed equally to the rich and the poor and the country wealth was not misused to those that were in leadership. The extraordinary appeal of leading a failed and corrupt government which became a remnant in transforming the government and welfare of its citizen is great contribution in fighting corruption.

The third problem addressed was social injustice. It was unfortunate that most of Chinese experienced social and emotional harassments and its frequency led to many cases of violence. The significant effort of doing away with social injustice was the ability to understand human emotions. He implemented the social stability in the government by urging all the political leaders to lead by an example in promoting social harmony and resolve social conflicts in the society.

Fourthly, many Chinese leaders were not having time with the citizens. For instance, many Chinese leaders spent most of their time in other countries such as France or Moscow.  He argued that, citizens’ welfare can only be known through having time together. Even though many could not understand his concept, he spent most of his time travelling within the country so as to know the problems that society encountered. As a result, this developed a character in his life for seeking truth from facts that was to be obtained through having a close relationship with the community members.

There were challenges that Mao Zedongâ experienced within various workplace organizations. Examples were the multinational companies that operated globally. A concern for human Resource manager not working effectively was noted influencing to low productivity. For instance, some companies were noted to employ unqualified members.  In addition, the solution was to have employees who can work effectively. Their contribution in the company would contribute to its success. He thought if managers were able to organize themselves strategically, the organization would attain its market successfully and be able to resolve matters that affect the company in an ethical and responsible manner.

Discrimination was a major problem in China society. Many that had leprosy were forced to drop out of schools and spent their lives in leprosy hospitals. They were stigmatized from access of public services, getting jobs and turned away from public facilities. This discrimination pained Mao to the point he wondered why these people were not given their rights to live. The government had failed in introducing such policies for leprosy victims. In his effort, he urged the government to have harmonious society that would improve their living conditions.  He took the issue of leprosy discrimination to his heart and promoted their rights. The contribution for the growth of the country and his recipe for solving the problems directed to his achievement as a leader.

 

His contribution for the growth of the country and his recipe for solving the problems directed to his achievement as a leader.

 

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Children Behavior disorders

Introduction

            It is a well-documented fact; child development is influenced by various factors such as prenatal development, prenatal life and genetics among others. With this regard, child development concerns the biological, emotional and psychological changes, which occur between birth to adolescent stage. It is essential that, development change is highly determined by environmental factors, learning and interaction. Child development is considered imperative to the society, which as a result, experts in this field have come up with strategies of identifying various disorders found during children development. According to Israel and Nelson (1), the comprehensive introduction of children behavior disorders gives the sensitive examination of the field through covering numerous disorders, suggested treatment with prevention of children behavior disorders. With this in mind, this paper seeks to examine how normal neural development is interrupted or different than children with mental disorders in addition, discusses ‘the differences between normal children and bipolar disorder and normal children verses children with autism.

 

 

Bipolar disorder in Teens and children

            In essence, teenagers and children with bipolar disorder have depressive symptoms along with other combination of manic symptoms. In this regard, some experts outline that, this disorder begins in adolescent causing high rates of adolescent suicide cases (Weis 4). Weis argue that, the main manic symptoms of bipolar disorder include mood swings, which involve the child or the teen being ‘very irritable, unusually silly or happy. Other symptoms include unrealistic high or low self esteem, talking too much, distractibility and repeated offensive behaviors. In conjunction with this, depressive symptoms consist of suicide thoughts, major change in sleeping patterns and in eating, frequent physical illness such as stomach aches or headaches.

It is noteworthy that, although bipolar disorder is diagnosed in adult life; it begins in childhood and in teenage years. With this in mind, bipolar disorder has been said to be genetic particularly within the family history of alcohol and drug abuse. As a result, children from a family range associated with drug or alcohol are at greater risk of getting bipolar disorders. In this regard, in the article what makes Teens tick 2008, Wallis argue that, adolescents that have motivational deficit tends to be prone into engaging in behaviors that either have excitement factor or else low effort factor and in some cases combination of both factors. In light of what should be done towards adolescent brain is that, the usual treatment involves psychotherapy and medication. In this regard, Wallis (1) argues that, the structural changes of behavior seen at adolescence explain the major mental illness of bipolar disorders. In conjunction with this, hereditarily, bipolar disorders have much in common with schizophrenia in the sense that, the two disorders share the same risk genes. It is with no doubt; the symptoms discussed above concerning bipolar disorder are what distinguish the normal child from the child with bipolar disorder. The second disorder that affects children behavior is Autism.

Autism

            According to Wallis (1), Autism is the disorder of the neural development, which is characterized by social interaction and communication restricted behavior. In essence, these signs start before three years old. In reality, autism affects information processing within the brain through altering nerve cells. It is a well-documented fact; Autism is a biological disorder that affects the child ability to understand and communicate with others. In facts, symptoms of autism spectrum disorders are identified when a child is three years old. It is with no doubt; autism spectrum disorder is a complex genetic as well as, biological factors. Many children with autism have mental retardation based on their low performance on the standard IQ tests. With this in mind, in the article what makes teens tick, Wallis argue that, many neuroscientists assume autism to be as the result of insufficient or else abnormal prenatal pruning. To support this fact, the article indicates that, when children are between the age of six and twelve, the neurons grow making dozens of connections to extra neurons building pathways for nerve signals. In conjunction with this, the brain becomes efficient, which as a result, lose some of its potential for learning.

Medical experts argue that, parents’ notices symptoms of autism in child life within the first two years with the signs developing gradually (Israel & Nelson 3). Israel and Nelson argue that, for the past years, there has not been a cure of autism despite the reported cases of children recovering. Many children with autism tend to have repetitive movement such as head rolling, making sounds, hand flapping and body rocking among others. Additionally, children with autism have unusual eating behaviors to the extent of food refusal. Subsequently, anxiety is a major concern of children with autism spectrum disorder. In some cases, this may worsen during adolescent age, which may be the source of the additional morbidity. Within clinical settings, anxiety conditions are most common in adolescents and school-age children. With this regard, anxiety is mostly assumed to cause isolation causing social disability. For instance, social anxiety a time contributes to avoiding social gatherings in addition, isolation within the same peers. For this reason, the development approach of understanding how anxiety develops is important in the sense that, it assists in establishing other consequences of anxiety. For instance, children that suffer from anxiety disorders experience nervousness, fear, and shyness in addition, avoiding activities and social gathering places. Additionally, panic disorder is mostly associated with anxiety mostly indicated in the aspect of avoiding public places, which socializing involves.

Subsequently, it is essential noting that, children with autism have three crucial areas of development. As discussed in the paper, some children with autism show symptoms of autism in early infancy. Though children with autism are likely to have unique behaviors, it is with no doubt; there are common symptoms of autism. These include poor eye contact, preferring being alone, development delay in talking, repeating the same words in conversation, moves constantly and in some cases, young children having hard times when sharing their experiences with others. However, in some cases, children with autism are exceptional skills in various subjects such as art, math and music despite having difficulties in communicating. It is essential noting that, many children with autism have delay signs in development which as a result, distinguishes them from normal children.

Conclusion

            In facts, it is important noting that, it is important for people to identify various behavior disorders in children. As discussed in this paper, establishing children behavior disorders gives the sensitive examination of the medical field to suggest treatment along with prevention of children. With this in mind, the paper has discussed two behavior disorders in children that include autism and bipolar disorder. With this in mind, the paper has examined how normal neural development is interrupted or different than children with mental disorders in addition, discussed differences between normal children and bipolar disorder and normal children verses children with autism.

Work cited

 Israel, Allen& Nelson, Rita. Abnormal child and adolescent psychology.New York:  Pearson        Prentice Hall, 2009. Print

Wallis, Claudia. “What Makes Teens Tick”. Time In partnership with CNN 26 September 2008:    LZOI. Print

Weis, Robert. Introduction to Abnormal Child and Adolescent Psychology. New York: Sage          Publications, 2007. Print

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Psychological measure paper

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            In essence, children depression inventory CDI) is the tool which mental health professionals measure the severity of depression in children. Similarly, it is a self-report assessment done to adolescents and children between the age of 7 and 17 years. A review done by Michael Kavan categorized CDI in a form of the original of 27 item version through which the child is asked to select the answer, which describes his feelings over the past weeks. After the assessment is carried out, only a trained professional can accurately integrate the results. With this in mind, it is worth noting that, for the test to be essential it requires professional interpretation. In conjunction with this, it is worth noting that, children depression inventory is an essential assessment. First, it indicates the significant features of depression in adolescents and children similar to those of adults. With this in mind, CDI tends to cover fully the nine DSM-III-R symptoms categories for the diagnosing depressive syndrome for children. It is efficient and easy test beneficial to clinicians to measure childhood depression (Carlson & Cantwell, 1979).

In addition, an inventory done by Howard Knoff in children depression inventory indicated that, CDI should be used as a research tool in that, an investigator that does not have the resources of conducting the clinical reviews would not require the tool of subject selection. With this in mind, Michael Kavan approach of having a qualified professional to interpret results is similar to Howard Knoff point of view. Additionally, Howard conquer with Michael aspect of the CDI been a 27 item self report suitable for adolescents and school age from eight to 17 years. From this aspect, Howard outlines CDI to be essential in identifying children depression. Subsequently, both Michael and Howard have their findings in the scoring of CDI. Although the findings are similar to some extent, they tend to differ in explanation.

Michael outline that, each item of the 27 items consist of three items whereby respondents are asked to chose the statement that describes feelings for the pats two weeks. Scoring involves additional of numerical values which assigned by the response of each selected item. With this regard, the unpublished manuscript, which accompanies the CDI, offers information on reliability studies. Internal consistency was found to have 86 with diagnostically heterogeneous, 71 with pediatric medical outpatient group and 87 with the sample of children from Toronto public school. From Michael findings, item score for the three samples ranged from 08 to 62.  One-month test on 29 diagnosed children with diabetes were 43 although the reliability improved to 82 after the outlying subjects were subsequent analyzed. With this regard, Michael recommends the two-week test to be most appropriate and opposed to trait. This implies that, various normal and clinical samples reports inconsistent results in that, when similar results are evaluated they tend to vary depending on when is done. This assumption is similar to Howard opinion who outline in his findings explains that, the overall number of reliability questions exist which imposes the need for researchers to address it in the future. Howard points out that, researchers should predict the expected results when the test reliability is measured (Beck, 1967).

Michael aspect of concurrent validity of 102 diagnosed children aged 7-17 years that undergone impatient indicated that, patients with the higher rate of depression have higher ratings of depression semi-structured without knowledge of patients. Findings collected from Toronto school yielded one principal whereas from clinic children yielded seven factors. The results were similar to Howard although argues it differently from Michael assumption that, a time it could discriminate children with depressive disorders from those with adjustment disorders. Both outlines that, CDI has not been validated therefore should be yielded. Additionally, Michael limit normative data in that, the information is presented in rambling manuscript thus having standard errors. As a result, clinicians are left with little means of interpreting CDI score results. On the other hand, Howard is forthright in defining limitations along with equivocal CDI result. She sees it early to conclude the assessment tool outcome in that, there is potential of CDI scales measuring childhood depression. However, she sees the need of having a great deal in research in interpreting results. On the other hand, Michael outlines CDI as efficient and beneficial to clinicians. Unfortunately, more research is required on CDI.s

 

References

Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Clinical, experimental, and theoretical aspects. New York:           Harper & Row.

Carlson, G. A., & Cantwell, D. P. (1979). A survey of depressive symptoms in a child and            adolescent psychiatric population. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry,        18, 587-599.

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Child behavioral

Introduction

            In reality, child behavior plays a fundamental role in a child development. The development process is usually determined by people surrounding the child. These people include parents, siblings and society in whole. It is important noting that, child development involves progress in all aspects of life that include physical growth, language, emotional and social. Researchers argue that, a child has a high capacity to learn and imitate what he or she sees in the environment (Cipani 2). Cipani argue that, the child behavioral is determined by various factors. These factors include the environment being raised up, parents the society. When these factors are not considered, the child behavioral deteriorates. Interestingly, the child behavioral has gotten worse than it was years ago. Actually, research indicates that, children were reported to be more obedience than currently (Miltenberger 15). This implies that, there must be some factors contributing to the change of child behavioral witnessed in the modern world. In this regard, this paper seeks to object that, the child behavioral has worsened than it was years ago.

It is a well documented that, technology has greatly contributed to the change of child behavioral. Sometimes back, technology was not advanced as if it is currently. Almost every home has access of computer and television. Although technology has improved the world to a better world, it is today; the truth of the matter is it has negatively influenced the child behavioral. Children have been exposed to computer games that mostly involve shooting. In fact, many children are taught how to play such games when they are young. As a result, many children have ended up being exposed to violence to the point many admire the act of shooting. No wonder, many children have ended up becoming more violent that they were some years ago.

In conjunction with this, media have negatively influenced child behavioral. In reality, jazz music is currently played in art depreciation class for kids. According to music experts, jazz music leads to scandalous behavioral and drug use (Cipani 8). This implies that, exposing children to jazz music has high tendencies of exposing them to criminal behavioral. Additionally, music in general has affected the child development. Music has become more of the pornography and less of music. Additionally, most music is using vulgar language to communicate to the audience. This is a danger to the child development in that, when a child watches to that kind of music; he or she becomes exposed to sexual immorality, drug use, use of vulgar language and violence acts. In this regard, Psychiatrist argues that, the child brain is very sensitive and for that reason, it captures things very fast (Miltenberger 15).This implies that, the child tends to imitate what he sees and hear. With this in mind, music has changed the child behavioral in terms of sexual conduct, dressing and communication.

In truth, the current world demands an individual to work hard to make ends meet. With this regard, parents have become too busy to the point of forgetting the responsibility of child bearing. Sometimes back, the parent was raising the child up to adolescent age. Parents were mostly concern for the child development, which in this case included shaping the child behavioral through discipline. Ironically, things have changed; children are now raised by house helps who a time may not be morally upright. Worse to that, parents order house helps not to discipline their children since many believe is an act of expressing love to their children. As an act of obeying the authority, house helps end up not punishing the child even when he deserves it. As a result, many children have ended becoming very naughty to the extent of lacking respect to the old aged.

With this regard, researchers argue that, most children raised by house helps tend to lack parental love (Kearney 20). Because of lack of parental love, many children end up in the world searching for identity. In reality, the current world is harsh, no morals and ethics; when a child runs to the world for help he becomes more miserable. No wonder, many children are involved in child prostitution in the name of searching for parental love. Many children have ended suffering in low-self esteem since there is no one to appreciate them. Consequently, the child ends up hating himself and hating everyone around him. As a result, the child gets involved in violence because of not appreciating life. Actually many children end up fighting other children due to frustrations they might be facing their lives. Some children end up searching for approval from other people, which in this case may be demonstrated in an illicit act.

In reality, parents have a great role to play in a child behavioral. The child tends to imitate the parents behavior. Things become worse in cases when the parent is not morally upright. For instance, currently, many parents smoke, take alcohol in the midst of their children. Things have changed since, years ago; parents behaved well in front of their children. Many children currently have gotten involved into drugs when they are young without considering the harm it has on the health.

Conclusion

            In truth, child behavioral is an important aspect during development. As discussed in the paper, child behavioral is influenced by people surrounding, environment and parents. Child bearing requires commitment ( Kearney 17). Lack of commitment of parents to children experienced in the current world, has led to the child involvement to illicit behavioral. As discussed, media, technology and lack of a role model to shape the child behavioral has resulted to child behavior becoming worse than it was in the past. In this regard, the paper has sought to object that, the child behavioral has worsened than it was years ago.

 

 

 

Work cited

Cipani, Ennio. Helping parents help their kids: a clinical guide to six child problem behaviors.       California: Psychology Press, 1999.Print

Kearney, Christopher. Casebook in Child Behavior Disorders. New York:  Cengage Learning,      2009.Print

Miltenberger, Raymond. Behavior modification: principles and procedures. New York: Cengage Learning, 2007. Print

 

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Education Leadership

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Paper one

Changing school for a changing world

            In essence, education system is the formative experience that has formative of physical ability, mind and character of an individual. Education system transmits knowledge and skill from one generation to the other. With this in mind, it is obvious that, education system tend to change from one century to the other. In the future education context, Ferreira and Hudson outline that, schools will not resemble the present ones. There would be a wide range of changes, which as a result, will demand the curriculum and students to embrace global understanding of education concept. With this regard, in the article changing school for a changing world Hudson and Ferreira, (2004) reviews the future oriented curriculum trend in the context of international social change. In conjunction with this, the article outline stimulus Angelica, the hypothetical 21^st century girl who realizes that, social cultural changes required in sustaining the interconnected world. With this in mind, the article addresses Angelica concern in how various trends would change the future education system, which as a result, would bring the education system to a sustainable future. These trends include intercultural education, education for sustainability, information technology, multi-illiteracies education system, learning for the future and the convergence of learning to work, leisure and study. In this, each chapter explores these trends, which Angelica believes they would bring educators and students closer towards a sustainable future. It is with no doubt; each topic explores the concern of young people living within globalizing 21 century. With this in mind, I tend to agree in some facts that will shares similar concern in my education context. On the contrary, I outline some kinds of concern, which I think will differ in my education context. With this regard, this paper seeks to explain these concerns in details.

First, I conquer with the Angelica concern that, information technology would change future students in my education context in that; it will change the nature and organization of learning systems. For instance, Angelica outline that, it will lead to effective communication along with information handling. This implies that, it will develop the way people communicate in addition, utilize the process of skills and attitudes. In reality, I believe technology will certainly change the old-fashioned education to the modern education. This will make education concept a reality in that, learners will get opportunities to learn more and advance in their career. Additionally, there will be effectiveness of teaching methods drastically in that; there will value development concerning what comprises abundant life, develop values and development of decision-making skills linked to democratic citizenship.

Secondly, I triumph over Angelica concept for learning for work, leisure and study. In fact, employers influence this by increasingly demanding their workers to have a high level of education. I believe students in my education will share this context in that, people will be so much educated to the extent that, many students would be required to enroll in career to keep with job opportunities, changes and challenges. It is with no doubt; it will motivate students to work harder in school to tackle problems, which by then will be deeper. In essence, this concept could change the future classrooms and schools in the sense that, students would enroll in job related subjects as they work resulting to advancement as well as prosperity.

Thirdly, Hudson and Ferreira (2004) argue that, Angelica outline a concern on how multi-illiteracies would increase thinking skills and values to practice linked to gaming, netting, mailing and processing words. As a result, teachers and students would be working together in an informed way. However, I tend to think multi-illiteracies would provide access of misinformation in that; many will end up placing inappropriate content without researching for the facts. As a result, this will mislead students in giving inappropriate answers.

Paper 2

            In facts, I conquer with the article in relation to the requirements in for the future education. I agree on the fact that, future student’s will require effective communicate in addition, create change socially, economically as well as politically. In essence, future students will be required to pursue sustainable livelihood and society. This implies that, the sustainable world would depend on skilled individuals. With this in mind, it is with no doubt that, emerging technologies would provide development in the globalised world.

In reality, population growth will contribute to students facing issues concerning the environment. There will be a holistic environment issues with the shortage of education resources. It is obvious that, as the community develops this determines the success or failure within overcoming environmental challenges along with achievable sustainable development. With this in mind, the article proposes the concept that, future students require skills that solve various challenges that will emerge in the future.

 

 

References

 Hudson, H A., & Ferreira, J. (2004) Changing schools for a changing world:

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Career Development Plan for McDonald Company

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Position Title Held: Mid-Level Manager

Today’s Date: 02/06/2011

Target Date: 05/07/2012

McDonald Restaurant

In response to the McDonald being the world largest restaurant it is with no doubt; it requires effective actions towards increasing the company sales. In conjunction with this, the company requires additional first-level management position that will be responsible for the overall management of employees in the company. Additionally, first-line managers are the most that employees interact with in a daily basis. With this regard, if the recruitment of first-line managers is done poorly then; employees will perform poorly, lack motivation to the extent of leaving the company. If these occurs, with no doubt; the company will collapse thus; decreasing turnover. Subsequently, there is a need for training program in the sense that, it will enhance skills and qualifications of the both the new and current employees. In conjunction with this, there is a need for considering better methods for appraising the team performance. With this regard, I seek to outline a proposal that explains recommendations and justifications regarding how the structure concerning McDonald Company will be designed and implemented.

Job Descriptions and qualifications of the first-level management

Office manager

In essence, the office manager supervises and organizes the administrative activities, which facilitate smooth running of the company. With this in mind, office manager responsibilities will include holding meetings with the senior management to review the company progress, writing finances reports annually. Involvement during management discussions towards strategic development policies, responding to clients complaints and enquires, organizing filling systems, recording the company expenditure, overseeing the recruitment of employees and new staffs and ensuring there are adequate employees. In conjunction with this, the office manager will assign work to staffs, managing work load, promoting staff development through effective training, promoting equality with diversity policy and representing the company through attending conferences along with training.

Office manager Qualification

The following qualifications are expected from an office manager:

a)      He or she must have a Bachelor’s degree in business administration

b)      He must have a degree preferably in accounting and communication

c)      He must have three years of working experience as an office manager

d)     Must be proficiency in English along with other regional languages

e)      Should have quality leadership

f)       He should be a good organizer that has tactful plans that ensure company progress

g)      Should be a computer literate

Shift supervisor

It is a well-documented fact; shift supervisor play fundamental roles of maintaining work standard, reporting customer complaints and leading other team members in the sense that, they understand the requirements needed to meet the company goal. With no doubt; the shift supervisor works directly with employee thus; ensuring the company goals are achieved. With this regard, the main responsibilities of shift supervisor will include observing and monitoring activities of subordinates in a daily basis, coordinating with the management for the job training of the associates, resolving clients complaints based on the company policy, building awareness on safety concerns of the company and ensuring excellent food safety that comply with HACCP standards.

Shift supervisor Qualification

The following qualifications are expected from the shift supervisor

a)      He or she should have a college diploma in any course.

b)      Computer literate

c)      Should have at least two years working experience as a supervisor.

d)     Should have the ability to comprehend instructions.

e)      Preferred experience in cash handling, customer service and food and beverage.

f)       Ability to perform in normal functions such as bending, standing and twisting.

Department Manager

In facts, the department manager key responsibility is to ensure that, all departments of employees meet the company goal. With this in mind, the department manager duties will include maintaining and implementing merchandising presentation and processing cash transaction at a daily basis. In addition, the department manager will spend much time on the restaurant to ensure all activities are carried out effectively.

 

Department Manager Qualification

To be the department manager one will be required to have the following skills:

a)      He or she must have a university degree in business from a recognized university.

b)      Should have outstanding communication skills.

c)      Working experience of three years as a department manager.

d)     Should have a well-built commitment to customer service.

e)      Should posses a sense of responsibility and ability to make decision.

f)       Should have the ability to analyze both sales and profit figures

g)      Ability to handle conflicts

h)      Should be willing to work under pressure

i)        Ability to motivate employees to achieve sales goals

Foreperson

In reality, the foreperson carries various types of the mechanized equipment that make the complete restaurant activities. In other words, foreperson is responsible for sanitation and housekeeping.

Foreperson Qualification

To be the foreperson, one will be required to have the following skills:

a)      Should have at least a college diploma in a recognized institution.

b)      Computer literate.

c)      At least two years working experience as a Foreperson.

d)     Ability to coordinate a team.

e)      A preferred working experience in housekeeping and production area in hotels

f)       Should have outstanding communication skills.

Crew leader

Quintessentially, crew leader ensure that, all work is performed in accordance to regulations, safety policies for a safety environment to work. In conjunction with this, crew leaders communicate to the operation teams and project management on any plan that need to be implemented.

Crew leader Qualification

The following qualifications are expected from the crew leader:

a)      The candidate should hold a college diploma.

b)      He or she should have a commercial driving license

c)      At least three two years working experience of the related experience

d)     Should have outstanding communication skills.

Store manager

With no doubt; the store manager duties involve dealing with customer complaints, dealing with security and safety issues, organizing training, interviewing as well, recruiting, to overseeing stock control, enhancing quality standard of the restaurant, ensuring all goods are supplied and re-ordered on time.

 

Store manager qualification

The following qualification will be required for the store manager candidate:

a)      The candidate should hold a degree in (HNC/HND) in a recognized university.

b)      Should be equipped with knowledge on information technology.

c)      At least three years working experience as a store manager.

d)     Should have a strong commitment to meet customer needs.

e)      Ability to communicate with people from different regions.

f)       Should possess knowledge on relevant laws regarding restaurant activities.

g)      Ability to make effective decisions

h)      Should be a team leader that is self-motivated in restaurant duties.

TRAINING PROGRAM

Proposed training	Benefits of the training to the company	Goals	Timeline needed	Budget
Introduction to McDonald Restaurant activities. Cross training for the new staffs	Employees will be equipped with restaurant activities and what is required of them.	To enhance awareness on activities that go on in the company	Aug 2011-Jan 2012	$20,000
Customer loyalty training		To enhance customer satisfaction	Feb- July 2012	$10,000
Job cross training for the major operators position	Increase quality work	To increase the company productivity	Aug-Oct 2012	$7,000
Time management	Improve time management	To increase work performance. To increase sales and profit.	Sep-Nov 2012	$ 10,000

 

 

METHODS FOR ASSESSING EMPLOYEE AND TEAM PERFORMANCE

In evaluating team and employee performance, we will use various methods. First, we will use manager evaluation to rate employee performance based on the series of the duties. In this regard, the manager feedbacks will benefit in accessing team performance in the sense that, he will evaluate each team performance progress. Secondly, management by an objective for instance, the manager setting a certain sales quota for each department with an aim to reduce laziness thus, increasing work performance. Thirdly, through peer ranking, through ranking employees on how well they perform their work. As a result, ranking system inspires many to work hard thus, improve work performance. Fourthly, through appraisal system designed to assess work performance as it relates with the job description and duties. In this regard, the system focus on how each employee benefits the organization.

Challenges of team performance evaluation

In facts, it becomes challenging to measure team performance through appraisal system in the sense that, the results may not apply to all other team members thus, not giving accurate performance. With this regard, when evaluating the team performance, the manager should consider that, despite rating a given team with high performance; there could be a poor team member in work which appraisal system would not show.

The difference between individual appraisal system and team appraisal system is that, the team achievement depends on an individual doing his part to propel the whole group. With this in mind, there are various considerations vital when dealing with a team such as developing training goals that addresses an individual work with teamwork skills and designing training events and exercises based on aforementioned goals such as cross-training that provides exposure of other teammates.

STAFF INCENTIVE SCHEMES AND STRATEGIES PLAN

In facts, incentives such as bonuses, rewards and promotion are effective strategies that boost staff performance. With this in mind, the company will reward on the basis of achievement of certain goals either as a team or personal. As a result, this will boost the company productivity and increase staff morale. In addition, the company will offer education opportunities to the best workers which as a result, will motivate other employees to work harder. In conjunction with this, good pay schemes can be successful when implemented in management practices in the sense that, it will increase employee morale.

 

Reference

Cascio, W.F. (2005). Managing human resources: productivity, quality of work life, profits. New   York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin Publisher

 

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Campus Security in Universities

Introduction

            For many years, security in Tulsa University has been considered as the fundamental aspect for enhancing a suitable environment for effective learning process. In essence, the security officers of Tulsa University are certified whose purpose is to deterrence crime and safety for all students, staff members and visitors. In facts, Tulsa security department provides escorts on request during hours of darkness or in the normal operation hours. In conjunction with this, the security offers vehicle assistance where possible to students, staff and faculty. With this regard, this proposal seeks to discuss about campus securities in universities. In examining this, this paper will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of campuses.

Statement of the problem

Over the years, issues concerning campus security have been sidelined. It is borne in mind; campus security enhances protection through providing the high degree of the public safety thus, assuring a suitable learning environment (Lashley 197). There have been several deep rooted issues concerning Tulsa campus security in the sense that, the security department has so much focused on giving parking tickets and towing cars as they ought to provide safety for students. Lack of providing security safety for students have attributed to their properties stolen thus, creating unfavorable environment for many students. Lack of safety for students has epitomized many students to the extent, in some campuses it causes shooting everywhere (Astin 650).  In this regard, studies outline that, the Northern Illinois University has experience lack of safety security for their students in that, in the year 2008, there were grief and questioning of the deadly shootings in the university ( Finder & Rimer 1). Finder and Rimer argue that, the former student at Northern Illinois University opened fire on the lecturer hall that killed five students. With no doubt; investigation indicated that, the reason for such tragedy was due that, there were no fences or gates in the university thus, there was an open access for advancing crime (Fitzpatrick 10).

Nevertheless, campus security has been emphasized in some universities. For instance, despite Tulsa security department concentrating much on giving parking tickets and towing cars as ought to providing students security; the escorts’ security has an emphasis on providing escorts upon request particularly at night or after the normal operation hours. As a result, this has eradicated security problems for students that leave the institution at late hours.

Additionally, the core purpose for security officers has been to deterrence crime thus, with such an objective it has encouraged the Tulsa security department to enhance safety for all students, staff members and employees thus creating a safe environment for the Tulsa University.

Hypothesis

Security has not been emphasized in many campuses in the sense that, there have been many emerging issues concerning the lack of safety for students to the extent; many have lost their properties and murdered.

 

Research plan

In order to achieve my results, my research plan will be collected by the primary and secondary data. In facts, the primary data will be done directly in the field through learning institutions. Additionally, the research will gather additional information on any other relevant materials regarding campus security through internet information, newspapers and textbooks. Methods of data collection will include interview schedule and questionnaires. In essence, interviews will be carried out in Tulsa universities and other universities concerning security issues in campuses. In addition, questionnaires will be imposed to victims that have suffered because of lack of campus security. These questions will include: how active the security department is, how often does security provides escorts at night, the major causes of crime in campuses and what can be done  to enhance campuses security. With no doubt; this will effectively assist in carrying out the research plan.

 

 

 

Work cited

 

Astin,Alexander. “How Good is your institution retention rate.” Research in high education. 38. 6 (1997): 647-658. Print

Finder, Alan & Rimer, Sara. “Gaps Likely to Persist in Campus Security.” The New York Times   16 February 2008: LZO1. Print

Fitzpatrick, K. “Preparation for and response to celebratory violence a community based   approach.” Campus law enforcement. 35.5 (2005) 9-14. Print

Lashley, Edwin. “Library Safety and Security Campus Community Police Collaboration.”            Library & Archival Security. 21. 2 (2008): 195-201. Print

 

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Business process Management on impact of the business

Abstract

This paper aims at examining strategic technology Management. In order to enhance high competitive technology, individuals need to be adaptable and resourceful. In order for technology to be competitive and maintains its position in the market place, companies require to manage the existing product more closely. In the current world, firms compete with other firms thus increasing the concern broader perspective in their innovative efforts, increasing productivity, innovative technology and improve their efficiency on their new products of development programs. To enhance competition, firms should develop capabilities that help in strengthening their product along with management activities. There is a need of many firms examining their products development in additional to its management efforts from perception of the firm (Barrile, et al pp 10).

Introduction

There is a need to understand technological side of the firm along with market side. Top management of the organization need to bear in mind that product development as well as management is an on going process start through carrying out research that eventually lead to examining productizes opportunities among clients. New Products need to be developed in the firm. This development is a combination effort that put together input from functional operations within the firm. There is a tendency of managing unstructured new products programs in some firms that encourages corporation from consumers that may have an interest in the product development. In some cases the new product may not be a vital issue especially in the high technology firms for what seem to be vital is productivity (Goodman, et al pp 11).

Various firms prefer to organize product development along with management activities into highly structures that is reviewed and controlled separately by technical and marketing staffs. The process is managed through respective management team. The role of cross functional team is to evaluate all aspects that enhance to growth of new product to its market performance in the long term. The Cross functional teams are formed to introduce new technology through building the essential organizational structures in order to develop leadership for these structures that may lead to the formation of supplementary. With rapid information technology that is diverse globally, firms require to consider variety options that enhance on product development and its management effectiveness. With this emphasize, firms are investigating on ways that result to rapidly transformation of the technological environment. Technological experts are encouraged to be aware of marketing strategies. Specialists in some firms are qualified in putting into considering their proficiency in technology skills. The marketing human resources is capable of conducting market researches in indicating the strategic options that a firm require to take, the product that is important in introducing in the market and the level of technology required. On the other hand, the staff of technical technology is not capable of building up the product since it is the work of top management to help in resolving the differences found in marketing specialist together with technical staff (Jeston, et al pp 11).

 

Firms working in high competitive globally

These Firms require the balance in the competencies of technology and marketing. To ensure this, Top management of a firm should develop an effective communication and support it with the best functioning information system. A successful communication requires to be opened between marketing side of the firms and technical side of it. This imply that, scientists, laboratory technicians and engineers among others, must communicate with sales and marketing individuals, Marketing Managers and marketing specialist especially for product development process. The two parties require to operate together so as to utilize internal and external information (Gooderl, et al pp 29).The close cooperation of the two parties lead to more productivity and creativity. The ability of utilizing information tends to enhance the communication process between the two parties leading to ideas of the new product. For instance, when scientists work together with engineers in laboratories require coming up with the new product ideas that can be effective in their firm. In ensuring this, they should be able to introduce the ideas to the financial field, marketing fields as well as manufacturing managers who later assist in marketing the product. Before these ideas are implemented, the business specialist should examine these ideas from the market point of view. In spite of the sources of improvement or its opportunity in the market place, both sides of the firms require to be aware of the product and the importance it has on the society. However, if the product is introduced in the market place through technological innovation this is refer to as pushing marketing. On the other hand, the product that started in the market and later established in the market is considered to be pull marketing.

Due to high competition globally, organizations need to have long term development strategies. These strategies are directed by top management through form policies and procedures. In some firms, product development units are usually organized and planned.

Planning

The main purpose of planning is to identify the objective that is desired to be accomplished and what actions should be taken in achieving the goal. Planning is important in that, it ensures the future achievement of the project. Studies have shown that, it is vital to plan before undertaking any project and put into thoughtfulness globalization. The external and internal impacts of globalization need to be considered (Jeston , pp67).This knowledge involves how the product would appeal to global market and yet not be affected by global competition. There are four functions of management that would be used together to contribute to this success of the organization.

Increase use of Teams

A team is a group individual that work together to achieve a common objective for each member has different capability in performing a task. Many firms use teams more frequently to accomplish work in higher level than that of individual employees. Other types of managerial position of organization uses team leaders refereed to as project manager who facilitate the other times and enhances accomplishment of the goal.

 

 

Outsourcing

These takes place when firms’ contracts with other firms to perform work that it would have performed alone thus reducing costs, enhancing healthy competition among the two companies and promoting efficiency. Following these, Costs can be reduced often because work can be performed in other countries where resources and labor are not expensive. Additionally, having support from other companies can result to more attention to the company core competencies.

Capital risk management

It is vital to safeguard the organization capital as a going concern. This will contribute to benefits of various stake holders which eventually help in management of risk of capital. Impact of not having a well structured capital is that, there will be increasing cost of capital that will affect the operation of the organization. In order to avoid this, strategies of ensuring that net bet along with gearing ratio should be well monitored. According to Jeston (pp 50), the organization gearing ratio attribute to rise in capital because of high operating profit. Besides increasing the number of fleers that the company has, it is important to maintain good capital structure

Strategy Implementation

Strategy implementation requires an organization to establish their objectives, motivating employees, device policies and distributing resources so that formulated strategies are executed. Strategy implementation include developing strategy helpful culture, creating effective firm structure, redirecting marketing exercise, utilizing and developing informational system, preparation of budgets and linking the employees compensation for the firm performance which is often called the action stage of strategic management. For its success it requires personal discipline, sacrifice and commitment. The process does not end when the firm besides what strategies to pursue. There must be a translation of thoughts of strategic action.

The marketing revolution

Different studies have shown that, the key obligation for business accomplishment is high technical quality. If the firm produces a product that would work well to consumers as well as being durable there would not be difficulty in selling at a profit (Gooderl, pp70).  This was refereed to as the production orientation that would result to products been sold without effort. This contributes to the growing numbers of prosperous and people of middle class that capitalism created. Due to the unexploited demand that was caused in 1950s by the Second World War, it was obvious that products could not sell easily as they could have been. The solution was therefore to concentrate on selling. The sales era along with guiding philosophy in the business of the past is currently refereed to as sales orientation.

Different studies were done which argued that, the sales orientation had things that were important in the business management (Gooderl, pp56). They claimed that, rather than producing products that would be sold to the customer, firms would start with what the customer wanted thus producing it for them. Therefore, the customers were the driving force behind strategic decisions in the business. Marketing orientation for a long period of time has been repackaged and reformulated under various names that include customer orientation,  customer focus, marketing philosophy, customer driven,  , customer intimacy in additional to focus on  market products.

 

Conclusion

Having carefully analyzed the impact that, it is evident to noting that, to enhance growth and competition, firms should develop capabilities that help in strengthening their product along with management activities. There is a need of many firms examining their products development in additional to its management efforts from perception of the firm. For the reason of high competition globally, business require to have long term development strategies which are directed by top management through form policies and procedures. In some firms, product development units are usually organized and planned. The main objective in planning is to discover the objective that is required and what actions are used in achieving the goal. Planning is important in that, it ensures the future achievement of the project. Team’s involvement in business is vital in that it ensures success of the firm. In additional, having support from other companies can result to more attention to the company core competencies.

 

 

References

Barrile S, Cameron T. Business management: corporate management, people and change. Sydney: Macmillian Publishers. 2007. Print

Goodman S, Ladzani W, Bates B. Business management: fresh perspectives. Durban: Pearson Publishers. 2005. Print

Jeston J, Nelis J. Business process management: practical guidelines to successful implementations. London: Butterworth publisher.2005. Print

Gooderl J, Carlos W. Small business management: an entrepreneurial emphasis. New York: Cengage learning Publishers.2006.Print

Bruce M, Bernard M. Dynamic modeling for business management. New York. Springer Publisher.2005.Print

Mc Graw H. Resumes for Business Management Careers. New York. McGraw-Hill Publisher.2006.Print

 

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