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Public Policy
Introduction
Public policy is a topic for which many scholars have come up with different definitions to try to explain its real meaning. However, in the easiest terms, public policy is the input of a government in addressing any public issue. According to the PennsylvaniaStateUniversity (2011), it involves governance laws, regulations, and principal guide in administrative and executive actions. Public policy is very important as it influences every aspect of our lives. In economics, the stability of a nation is largely determined by the fiscal and monetary policies of the government. Socially and more specifically in regards to health care, education and the legal systems of justice, public policy is involved. Therefore, this subject cannot be overlooked under any circumstances.
The Major Stakeholder’s Level of Influence and Agencies they worked For
In The Bay of Pigs, Cuba, also known as La Playa named after a beach in Bay of Pigs, is where the landing of the armed Cuban exiles took place. This was an attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro, who had rose to power in an armed revolt according to J.F. Kennedy presidential library and museum (2010). The American government distrusted Castro citing his ties with the Soviet Union. For this reason, the United States trained and funded Cuban exiles with the intention to have an invasion to oust Fidel Castro from power. They anticipated support from the Cuban people and the forces for an invasion that sought to set up a regime friendly to the United States.
This training program was approved in March 1960 by President Eisenhower and training camps were set up in Guatemala. The anti-Castro Cuban exiles according to the presidential library (2011) were led by Jose Miro Cardona who was a former member of Castro’s government. He was head of the revolutionary council of Cuba and was to take over power had the invasion succeeded. The invasion plan was authorized by the newly elected American President J. F. Kennedy shortly after his inauguration in 1961.National Security Archives, (2004). This operation was supposed to keep the Americans involvement in the invasion a secret.
Stakeholders Primary Values
Some critics blame President Kennedy for the failed invasion of the Bay of Pigs with some arguing that there was not enough support from the United States government. However, another group of critics thinks that the attacks were unnecessary. They argue that the failed attempt was due to irrational decisions by the president, Oracle Education Foundation, (2011). The secreted support by Kennedy’s administration is seen as an endeavor for selfish gain by many annalists. In addition, the failed attempt is seen as an indicator of inefficiency in the CIA and incompetence in their operations. The decision made by President Kennedy to oust a sitting president to form an American friendly regime is perceived by many as selfish and dictatorial.
Betrayal is evident in this case in both the Cuban and American government. Jose Cardon, the leader of the Cuban revolutionary council was in the Castro’s government. According to the National Security Archives (2004), he was proposed by Castro as the new Cuban ambassador in the United States. He later turned against Castro and headed a revolutionary council to oust him. The J. F. Kennedy’s administration supported the Cuban exiles to invade their own country. When the attempt failed, it was expected that President Kennedy would commit his troops rather than let the brigade be overrun National Security Archives (2004). Unfortunately, he was so determined to disguise his countries support, Presidential Library, (2011).
In this invasion, the government of the United States cannot be credited as one with good public policies. President Kennedy continued war against Cuba was one that made him look like a cold war warrior. It is evident the impact and effects that the aftermath of the invasion had on both countries. Fifty years later and still, the relationship between Cuba and the United States of America is still poor. The decision to invade was a one-time policy that changed the image of the two states negatively towards each other. Distrust was entrenched and that brought the two countries against each other.
Having good public policies is one of the best to achieving economic, social and political growth. Policies that take care of the welfare of the citizen in all aspects of their lives is something the leaders in governments and policy makers should make a priority. Big economies have thrived because of putting in place policies that have given way to great economic growth. Policies I would call them principles or blue prints for a better and more fulfilling life. Governments are responsible in making this policies and that is why high levels of deliberation and broad expertise is required when formulating this policies. A careful approach must be must be given since this policies are made to govern the countries resources.
Policies regarding social services for example should be handled with a lot of urgency. Policies regarding medical care and higher learning for example should put more emphasis on benefiting the patients and students respectively. The government should formulate policies that protects it people from any form of harm be it military war or economical tough times. Policies to cushion citizens from adversities of life are a sign of good governance. Good policies make good governance and a good government makes a great country, an economic powerhouse. Any state scheduled to make an impact in the world’s economies spectrum has to embrace the culture of good governance. Good governance on the other hand is a creation of good Public Policies.
References
National Security Archives. (2004).Bay of Pigs Declassification. Retrieved from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/10/
Oracle Education Foundation, (2011).Bay of Pigs Cuban invasion. Retrieved from http://www.oraclefoundation.org/board.html
J.F. Kennedy presidential library and museum (2010). Bay of Pigs invasion in Cuba. Retrieved from http://www.jfklibrary.org/Search.aspx?nav=N:4294955350
PennsylvaniaStateUniversity. (2011). Department information. Retrieved from http://bpub.wharton.upenn.edu/
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