Spermicide use has been implicated as a possible contributro to birth defects, especially Down Syndrome. Because of the strong association between Down Syndrome and maternal age, any study of other possible exposures must consider maternal age during the data collection and analysis. In this study, mothers who used spermicides were identified and followed forward in time to asssess for birth outcomes. What type of study is this and does maternal age meet the criteria for a potential confounder?
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