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Spinal paralysis is a traumatic injury of spinal cord, which damages the nerve roots that carry signal to the brain. Spinal cord injury is caused by various factors such as tumors, genetic disorders, accident (e.g. motor accident), diseases, and disorders that are caused by an inflammatory process of spinal cord. Another cause is penetrating spinal cord injury that is caused by sharp objects for instance knife and bullet being exposed to spinal cord.
The forces responsible for spinal cord injuries are laceration, compression, shear along with distractions. This can be explained by a number of factors for instance, spinal fractures that is common in sports participation as compared with other types of injuries. Most harm to the lumbar spine is minor and fit in soft tissue injuries. These soft tissue injuries are self-limited that resolve without being attended by a health care professional. According to Simon and Jenkins (2005), between 5 % and 10 %, patients suffering from head injury are associated with spinal injury and 25 to 50 % of patients having spinal cord injury are associated with head injury. Simon and Jenkins have continued reviewing that, alcohol is a times associated as a cause for spinal injury although in few cases.
A spinal injury on sports and creation is commonly common. According to Young (1982), in the United State, most of spinal injuries occur in athlete competition and mostly common in football and motor bike cycles. In addition, injuries in thoracic and lumbar spine are more frequent in racing, mounting climbing, horseback riding, and weight lifting. Statistics have shown that, 66 % of spinal injuries that occur in sport is as a result of driving accidents with majority within lower cervical spine that cause complete spinal analysis (Simon and Jenkins 2005). On the estimated cases in Americans, 200,000 to 500,000 patients with spinal Paralysis, the division of complete and incomplete is equal. Complete spinal paralysis is specific evolving that occurs when there is absolute loss of motor with sensory functions that are below the level of lesion. . Incomplete spinal paralysis evolves when there is residual function at the lowest level of spinal cord.
According to Glickman (1996), most cases of spinal injuries occur in men that in women. Glickman in his research has evaluated that, approximately 11, 000 injuries that occur, 82 % are men that shows men are most affected. Although there are not reasons why men represent high rate, it assumed the reason behind that is there high tendency participating in sports and athletes. Researches have shown that, men that are affected with spinal injuries experience problems in their sexual life. Spinal injury in men affects ejaculation, orgasm along with coitus. This is because the ability to ejaculate is usually controlled by nerves that originate in the lowest part of spinal cord. Statistically, 70 % of Men with incomplete lower injuries have ejaculation while 17 % of men that have complete lower injuries experience ejaculation (Glickman, 1996).
The symptoms of spinal cord injury include bladder dysfunction and dysfunction of bowel, weakness in arms and legs, sexual dysfunction, lost of sex orgasm and kidney infection among others. Managing spinal injury is vital. Treatment is one of the methods used in improving neurogic outcome. Occupational therapy in management focus on identifying the challenges those patients with spinal injuries goes through while doctors help the patients in dealing with the problems. Acute recovery focuses on prevention interventions whose aim is to give the patient a sense of prevention. Therapeutic activities are used in strengthening muscles that helps in improving hard functions such as picking and releasing a light object. Exercise has also been known to be the best order in preventing secondary situations such as pressure sores and diabetes. The above are some of few methods that can be used in prevention and management of spinal injuries (Ditunno, 1994).
References
Young, w. (1982). Effect of high-dose corticosteroid therapy on blood flow, evoked potentials, and extracellular calcium in experimental spinal injury. The neurosurgery, 57 (5).
Ditunno, J. f ( 1994). Chronic spinal injury. The new England journal of medicine, 1
Glickman, S. (1996). Owel dysfunction in spinal-cord-injury patients. The Lancet, 347 (9016), 1651-1653.
Simon, P. Jenkins, R. (2005). Sports Science Handbook: I-Z. New York. Multi-science publisher,
Young, w. (1982). Effect of high-dose corticosteroid therapy on blood flow, evoked potentials, and extracellular calcium in experimental spinal injury. The neurosurgery, 57 (5).
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