Category: Samples

Hazardous Materials Incidents

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Right to know in the context of the United States community and work place environment law is the principle, which an individual has the right to be aware of the chemicals exposed to in a daily basis. It is a well-documented fact; the most information in the right to know is chemical information although there are other types of information essential to the workplace health and safety. With this in mind, the Hazard communication principle is the focus for the workplace precise to know movement. In essence, Hazard communication orders chemical manufacturers with employers to correspond to the workers about the jeopardy of workplace products or chemicals. The chemicals which may create health risks include explosion or fire among other list of chemicals. In conjunction with this, Superfund is a comprehensive environmental response premeditated to clean up any site contaminated to hazardous substances, which threaten human health along with the environment. With this regard, this paper aims at discussing the purpose of HAZCOM standard and the Superfund Act in addition, discuss their differences and similarities.

HAZCOM standard

            Intrinsically, Hazcom establishes the uniform requirements that guarantee each chemical is evaluated for the safety of employee that may be exposed to them. In facts, it covers both the health hazards with physical hazards. Physical hazards include flammability in addition; health hazards include lung damage, irritation and cancer. It is noteworthy to note that, HazCom works through preparing labels of the containers along with detailed technical bulletin to employers using hazardous materials. In conjunction with this, Hazard communication Standard deal with specialized topics that include storage of inflammable materials, dense gases such as Oxygen with other materials often stored within healthcare facilities.

The basic purpose of the Hazard communication standard is to communicate hazards at the workplace in order to equip employees and employers about work hazards in addition, come up ways of protecting themselves from hazards. In addition, the Hazard communication standard are enforced by occupation safety along with health administration, which ensures that hazards of workplace in addition, ensures that information about hazards is provided to employees as well as, employers. In essence, healthy administration and occupation safety ensures that; all hazardous materials are labeled in addition, effective training on safety information as well as, protective measures.

 

 

Superfund Act

            In essence, Superfund act is the comprehensive environmental response of the United State designed for cleaning up sites contaminated with hazardous substances. In essence, the main objective of Superfund is to identify the abandoned hazardous waste, which threatens human health along with environment. In reality, Superfund provides the broad federal authority that clean up hazardous substances that endanger the environment along with public health. The law is enforced by the environment protection agency which aims at protecting human health with the environment. In doing this, the environmental protection agency identifies the parties in charge in cleaning up sites. In cases where responsible parties for cleaning the sites cannot be found, the environmental protection agency is enforced to clean the sites using special trust fund.

Differences

            First, the purpose of the Hazard communication standard is to evaluate hazardous material in the workplace to ensure health environment for employers and employees while the Superfund act purpose is to clean up all hazardous waste sites to create health environment. Secondly, the hazard communication system is applicable to work operation while Superfund is concern with the environment. Thirdly, Hazard communication standard are enforced by occupation safety along with health administration while Superfund act is enforced by the environment protection agency.

Role of the Incident Commander on a Hazardous Material Incident

            First, to provide a clear structure of the diverse activities that control hazardous material incident. Secondly, allowing agencies to work as a team through common terminology along with operating procedures. Thirdly, act as the basic operating system for highway incidents in each jurisdiction. Fourthly, responding to incidents involving any hazardous materials. In conclusion, an individual of IC can change through transfer of commands and as a result, the responsibilities shifting with the title.

 

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Happiness

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            Happiness is considered fundamental on the list of virtues in humanities. The need for searching happiness is paramount in human beings to the extent; many go to psychiatrists to establish the best way to cultivate happiness in addition, reading books on the subject of happiness. In essence, happiness is the mental state of being well, which characterized by positive emotions that range from intense joy to contentment. In this regard, philosophers with religious experts link happiness with the aspect of living a flourishing life (Nettle, 2006). On the other hand, psychiatrists outline social ties, living a peaceful life and having accomplished dreams to be the reliable indicator of attaining happiness. This implies that, happiness is achievable in that, one can gain it by attaining indicators of happiness. Happiness is a fuzzy concept that would mean many things to different people.  With this in mind, I recently interviewed two people to find out their definition of happiness, how they gained it and whether they feel happiness is achievable.

Oprah Winfrey, 57 is well known for the most watched show host in Television. The way she handled audiences and guests earned her popularity. In fact, she outlined to have encountered difficult times during childhood in that, her parents separated after she was born. “It was quiet challenging in that; I was left under the care of my maternal grandmother having no parental love”. She outlines to have been compounded with problems such as, repeated sexual abuse. She continues outlining that, “My father saved me through providing a sense of direction in life”. Having come from such a background it was challenging and to where she is, she outline it a miracle. While interviewing Oprah on her definition of happiness I asked her how she gained happiness, its origin and development, what experiences influence happiness and whether she feels happiness is achievable; her answers were well documented. Oprah outlined happiness as a virtue that human beings wish for and with happiness life makes meaning. She outlines happiness as the mental of well-being attributed by positive emotions that enhance contentment. She went on in outlining that, “if one can summon life in courage in the midst of happiness, am certain sure one can be happy”. She went on outlining happiness to be achievable in the sense that, throughout her life she outlined the key to happiness is to seeing what you can become in the future and not just what or who you are now. From her argument, she outlined happiness to be achievable in that, if one purpose to be generous to other people one will be happy (Kelley, 2011). With this in mind, she highlighted the origin of happiness and development is living at peace with other people. Interviewing Oprah was funny and to gather more information I interviewed Sabina a student at Sydney University.

Sabina, 17 and a student at Sydney University, is lady pursuing psychology. Most of the time, Sabina spends most of her life with family and siblings, which to her brings her joy. In fact, she told me that her family has been so supportive at all times, even in hard times. She continued by outlining that, “most of the time we go to interesting places to relax during weekends”.  Sabina went on to tell me that, her family has taught her to live life to the fullest by enjoying each day. I’m not quiet sure if she meant it by she told me that, she enjoy every challenge she encounter in life and she has never allowed stress to bother her. Pursuing psychology has been interest for I have learnt the way to handle people. I went on by asking her definition of happiness, how she cultivates it, whether happiness is achievable and the origin and development of happiness.  In this regard, she defined happiness as the state of mind illustrated by positive emotions that attribute intense joy and fulfillment. She admitted that, happiness is cultivated by having positive thoughts, believing in oneself and loving yourself and others. She went ahead in outlining that; “happiness is achievable in that, there are various habits, which link with happiness such as positive relationship, accomplishing goals and belonging to a religion”. She went on in outlining that, “I can testify that happiness is cultivated in that, there are times I fell down because of circumstances around me but, I purpose to cultivate happiness through having a strong belief in God, positive thoughts and having positive relationships that believe in me”. With this in mind, she believed that happiness is achievable and human beings should cultivate the virtue. She also noted that, enjoying every moment in life is the best way of cultivate happiness in addition, working hard to achieve dreams. “Since I was 10Years I wanted to study psychology and for that reason; studying psychology has given me happiness in life and with this in mind, outlining happiness as something attributed by attaining your goals”.

Results of the interviews

The answers that were given by Oprah and Sabina were similar to some extent in that, both defined happiness as the state of well-being that can be achieved. In addition, both considered happiness to be fundamental on the list of virtues in humanities. However, there difference on how each achieved happiness in that, Sabina outlined achieving her goals to be the paramount in achieving happiness while Oprah believed in being kind and generous to people. The subjects were honest for both Sabina and Oprah defined well the concept of happiness.

 

 

Part 2   

Happiness is understood differently in different countries and culture. Using the film Rough cut Doc, happiness is understood differently based on country or culture. For instance, the film outline that, in rural villages’ happiness concept tends to differ to urban idea. In many rural villages, happiness is attributed by efficiently cultivating land, mothers looking after their kids and husbands. On the other hand, in urban set up, many believe happiness is found in things like education, achieving goals and money.

No wonder many work hard to attain such things to live a happy life. Rough cut film outline a bright spot of political freedom and prosperity as he ideal of attaining happiness. In this regard, studies outline Canada to be among the happiest country on earth the results showing the happiest countries are those, which enhance freedom to their people (Jonaro & Altshuler, 2011). Trying moments in some countries such as lack of peace and attacks for instance, Rwanda genocide incidence may a hinder country from achieving happiness. For example, Rwanda may not be in the list of happiest countries for undergoing both social and economic boom due to genocide incidence. With this in mind, the attitude toward happiness in different cultures and countries is having freedom, peace and well economically.

 

References

Jonaro, R.,& Altshuler,T. (2011). The Art of Being Human. New York:  Pearson Education,          Limited

Kelley, K. (2011).  Oprah: A Biography. London:  Crown Publishing Group

Nettle, D. (2006). Happiness: The science behind your smile. New York:  Oxford University        Press

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                While the American Nation recognizes George Washington as the first president, few members In the United State may not realize his significant as a military leader. One of the problems facing American is that, American nation is taken for granted by seeing it as inevitable approach in democracy. This has contributed to the nation loosing sight on the fact that, men are important in bringing ideas on earth. In attempting to restore Washington idea, Brookhiser gives moral biography of the first president idea on evaluating the extraordinary along with all human individualities that contributed to his essential ruling in early republic. Brookhiser offer a portrait that continues to be significant in the current world through writing on the customary of Plutarch whose account was the major influence on American founders. The first section of the founding father consist of historical narrative that tends to reminds people that Washington was the one that dominated American life for a longer period in history  at almost the quarter century. Being the commander of the continental army with Britain in 1775, he thereafter became the president of Philadelphia in Constitutional Convention in 1787. From 1789 to 1797, he became the Chief Executive where he experienced struggle from independence to nationhood. The struggles he undergone made him to be celebrated in political realm as the most admired civilians.

Washington consciousness of his problematic responsibility in setting up orders in republic politic gives the major aspect on Brookhiser’s biographical outline. After a while, he demonstrated his commitment to civilian rule by turning away his ruling from personal enrichment.  The incidences were familiar but they were worth rehearsing in his immediate resignation of command that happen after signing of treaty of Paris, his unwillingness to reenter public life that happened after his military career and his persistence on leaving the sit for presidency for the second term. Brookhiser described Washington as the man that described the law elements from which natural history endowed. He was polite, had a strong physical stature along with an irascible temper. He was involved in various activities such as riding and dancing. He had knowledge on how to make sensual impact in leading a nation. Washington character involved the habits and guidelines that contributed too many students in the founding era, view him as an individual who had self-styled personality that involved the country development. Contrary, may were not on his side when ruling and for this reason He never got inspiration from people view, for their virtues were cruel to be his standard.

Some of the habits that he acquired as a young man have been till now for instance politeness, concern for people among others. Washington found ethics within rules of civility as argued by Brookhiser. These principles instructed that, every deed done within the company and organization should be done with respect to members that are present. All members should be treated equally without arrogance or favoring.  In his entire life, politeness was the primary form in political equality. According to Brookhiser (1996), there was nothing unpleasant in Washington’s aspect on reputation with role playing. He argues that, if we currently argue on whether our personality reflects who we are we would be misjudging because each individual has his unique character. However, concern on his popular standing in his career can be seen in his time of commanding in Indian war and French and in to his approval in presidency sit. He did what was considered to be right instead of doing what seemed to be approved by people and this was important in shedding light in politics. Though he firmly advocated for liberty of conscience, he had difficulties in American life in defining an assenting responsibility of religion. He never encouraged individual religion commitment instead he inspired on the habits that would lead to political success (Brookhiser, 1996).

The book ends with Brookhiser’s thought towards Washington’s status as the father of American nation. Unfortunately, he finds occasional sides to psychoanalyze of getting the better of Washington. For the reason that Americans no longer know what genuine fathers do gives reason as to why they are unable to acknowledge the idea of political father. He argues that, this might be the deepest source of the American distance toward some not recognizing the importance of Washington ruling. Brookhiser urge people to imitate Washington in treating fellow citizens with respect and dignity, treating all citizens and equally without favoring and been responsible in performing duties in government and giving rights to citizen. Contrary, Even though many views Washington as injustice in his ruling, Brookhiser argue that, it is important to know what life of our founding father has to teach us and in politics and in leadership point of view.

Conclusion

George Washington achievement as a Military leader can be viewed in three means. Had it not been for his achievement in Revolutionary war, there would never been the first president in the United States. Therefore, Brookhiser argues that American nation and individuals from other countries should emulate him in his understanding on military power thus celebrate on his importance on Revolutionary war victories along with his contribution to the American nation as a commander chief.

 

 

                References

Brookhiser R, (1996). Founding father: Rediscovering George Washington. New York. Free Press

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Game Console Industry 5 Forces Analysis

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In essence, video game consoler is regarded to be the interactive computer or else midfield computer system, which produces the video display signal. Video game console began in 1947and since then; the industry has grown rapidly due to the existence of advanced technology. For the past years, the overview global market of video game console has been remarkable in that; in 2008, about three hundred million people in the entire world play video game on consoles systems, mobile phones, PCs and handheld devices. There have been changes in the competitive landscape been contributed by advanced technology. In this regard, this paper seeks to analyze the competitive structure of Video game console using the porter’s five forces analysis.

 

Rival Sellers

In essence, game console company is faced with a strong rivalry competition. As the industry develops, every game console company implements the latest graphic technology in their products. If the company fails to apply, the advanced technology into their products decline in the market share is guaranteed. Additionally, many console companies tend to explore new functions, which are not just video games thus, imposing a threat in the industry (Gilespie, 2007).

New Entrants

Generally, threat of new entrants is low. In facts, the threats of new entrants were not very high. Microsoft’s Xbox, Sony’s Play station and Nintendo is gaming were established names within the market. About three hundred million of people globally played video games on console systems. With this in mind, it is worth noting that, the cost required to develop as well product, which can fit in the decent competitor, is too expensive. Additionally, the technology required is too advanced for new competitors to achieve thus creating high barrier to entry.  To meet such technology, the new competitors are required to invest a lot of capital in the product design as well as development.

Substitute Products

A threat of substitutes of the game consoles is high in that; the advanced technology has pulled the old console into online games. There has been growth in mobile phone industry along with handheld system. Many people tend to play games with portable electronic devices thus handheld system and mobile phone been highly preferred. Despite those devices are not comparably well, they fit in the modern world in addition, more affordable.

Supplier Products

The main suppliers to the video game console industry are technology manufacture and assembler along with software developer. In the attempt of securing competition, suppliers are forced to cut down their process to remain competitive and exit in the marketplace altogether. In doing this, it will eventually lead to intense competition within the same industry (Gilespie, 2007).

Buyers bargaining power

In fact, buyers have an effect in the video game console industry. Due to advanced technology, buyers are informed thus imposing a threat in the video game consolers. There is high switching to other products, which in this case may be preferable. In facts, many people tend to play games with portable electronic devices thus handheld system and mobile phone been highly preferred. In such incidence, for the business to maintain clients there will be a need of lowering the cost in order to attract them to become users. In achieving this, it may lead to lowering prices, which eventually will decrease total sales and profits.

 

References

 

Gilespie,A. (2007). Foundations of Economics. New York: Oxford University Press

Utomo, W.S. Case Analysis Competition in Video Game Consoles: The State of the Battle.       Retrived from:             https://mail.google.com/mail/h/1wc5bq1e4yn6a/?view=att&th=12fe3d0eb8d0a03b&attid            =0.1&disp=vah&realattid=f_gnlkpjkf0&zw

 

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Frequent Shopper programs

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Quality assurance process and procedures to ensure the functionality and performance requirements are met.
            Frequent Shopper programs have been used in many fields. Technical architecture is one of the fields that has benefited from these programs.  For its success, frequent shopper programs should track consumer purchases through satisfying customers and appreciating them. Technical architecture should do market research which would ensure the company knows what market to pursue. By understanding items that consumers regularly purchase would allow them specify their sales in addition to increasing customer loyalty and quality customer service. Frequent shopper programs should be used to increase customer loyalty. Offering discount on their products is one way used to attract many customers buy products in additional to giving gifts to consumers that shop frequently. Technical architecture should expand its services through introducing new marketing strategies. Good public relation can help this program met its requirements that would help technology architecture know about their services. When good relationship is enhanced, consumers will be in a position to give views concerning services they get thus helping the company change its tactics in additional to revaluating its strategies to meet consumer’s satisfaction. For its performance to be met, employees should understand the work requirement, resource constraints in additional to work schedules is therefore important (Petersen, 2005). Shopper purchase habits enable technical architecture improves on their offerings in giving best offers to their shoppers. Motivation is therefore one of the frequent shopper programs that technical architecture would evaluate. This can be done through inspiring features that can be used to reward frequent shoppers.

 Testing procedures to ensure the application is operational at all levels (program, network, systems, and interfaces

            To ensure this program is operation at all levels; management team should emphasis on total quality management and client satisfaction. Strategies on how to save cost, energy, and acquiring profits in future should be done. Therefore, there should be strategy used in achieving financial goal, building workforce along with market penetration.  Performance testing is one method that can be used in identifying how consumers respond to services being offered by the organization. This approach is important in knowing the trend toward which the organization has experienced in business (Petersen, 2005). Use of suggestion box is a method that can be used in getting comments from consumer. These enhance proper communication skills thus understanding consumer’s needs and satisfaction. This can also be done through constant stability within the team members that enhance steady competition. Maintaining excellent relationship with customers is the best way to achieve consumer satisfactions which result to frequently shopping.

Lastly, issuing loyalty cards to consumer is one effective testing procedure that can be used as a form of identification when purchasing goods. By presenting loyalty card, the purchaser may acquire discount on current buying, or else through rewarding points that can be used in future purchases (Robert, 2006).

 

 

 Implementation steps and procedures necessary to achieve operational status.

One way of implementing frequent shopping program is through giving straight discount on frequent customers on whatever good they purchase. This will encourage them to become part of organization. Another approach that can be used is to tie discount to specific purchasing    amount for instance giving 10 percent for every $3000 that a customer spends. This will encourage many consumers buy goods in large amount of money. Another approach that can be used to growth approach for increasing sales along with having frequent buyers is to give products as rewards to frequent buyers. The key to achievement of frequent buyers reward programs is making sure that rules are clearly applied. Focusing on increasing sales is significant, due to the fact that, business will grow rapidly (Petersen, 2005).

To enhance frequent shopping, sales have to increase for growth strategy of the business. It is therefore important to bear in mind that one regular customer is worth in any given organization. Bulk buying of good and purchase motivation are examples of company growth strategies that can be used in increasing sales within market place. This can be acquired through having general knowledge buying histories of customers. In addition, strategies on Business growth strategies that are based on customer buying histories are useful. Customer’s buying history gives management preferences along with attitudes that help in customizing sales and marketing efforts.

 

 

 

Conclusion

            In conclusion, as we focus on increasing sales in existing markets, frequent shopping program is important. It is worth the effort, for the reason that it’s a business growth strategy that is used in growth development. As we all know, one regular customer is worth recognizing. It is therefore important to look at ways that would encourage frequent shoppers to shop for more. Giving gifts is one way that can encourage consumers to become part of the company. Testing procedures should be done to ensure this take place continuous. Giving discounts to consumers that buy in bulky is one way that can be used to ensure the application at all operational levels

 

References

Petersen R, (2005). Mileage Pro: The Insider’s Guide to Frequent Flyer Programs. New York: Kathy Marr Publishers

Robert G, (2006). Multiple Streams of Internet Income: How Ordinary People Make Extraordinary Money Online. New York: John Wiley and sons publishers

 

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Case Study of Frank Lucas

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In essence, Frank Lucas was the former US drug dealer who operated in Harlem in the late 1960s and 1970s. Frank Lucas was born in September 9^th 1930 pin North Carolina and grew up in the Greensboro. In his entire life, he was known in the drug trade particularly, buying heroine directly from his source within the Golden Triangle. Interestingly, Frank Lucas had no formal education until he moved to the New York City’s district. From that point, he engaged into street crime and by 1960, he constructed an international drug empire that originated from New York to the Southern East of Asia. Sociologist argues that, killings, bribery and extortion were his daily routine (Kachmar, 2002). It with no doubt that, his personality is shrouded mystery, myth with the great depression. He grew up in poor conditions, which as a resul, attributed to the great depression. Because of the poor conditions, Lucas spent much of his youth looking after his younger siblings, which greatly got him in trouble and depression. Because of huge responsibilities he had accumulated in his life, Lucas saw how real money was made easily in the street through gambling and illegal drugs. This made him ruthlessly to the extent he joined the gangster. With this in mind, there are two theories to sociology that explain Frank Lucas that include social disorganization and learning theory. In this regard, this paper seeks to examine the behavior and life of Frank Lucas based on social disorganization and learning theory.

First, social disorganization theory is the important theory developed by Chicago school, which relates on ecological theories. Studies indicate that, social disorganization theory mostly relates to crime rates based on neighborhood ecological characteristics, which discusses how youths from the disadvantaged families engage into crime through the process of making ends meet and in the process of interaction (Siegel, 2008).  Siegel argue that, Znaniecki and Thomas introduced the aspect of how individual thoughts are constructed through the process of interaction that involves life experiences and personal behavioral. It at this point, Znaniecki and Thomas outlined that; attitudes are not inherited instead they are acquired through the process of acculturation. From their assumption, the root of attitudes in life originates from the interaction between an individual and the world outside. The theory of Social disorganization seeks to explain the existence of social problems such as crime, drug baron among other problems that arise in the community.

In this regard, Social disorganization theory analyses the behavioral of Frank Lucas in the sense that, he adopted the behavioral from the transformation in the society. In reality, Frank Lucas grew up in a very poor background, which as a result, attached to the society that, mostly sold drugs, gambling as well as in gangsters. Actually, social expert argue that, Frank Lucas intention of selling drugs and betting involved in gangsters was to look for money made easily in criminal aspects (Kachmar, 2002). It is at this point, Edwin Sutherland adopted the concept in social disorganization that; if the society is disorganized in values and norms, the crime cannot be eliminated. In this case, Edwin underline the approach of how society greatly contributes in many crimes experienced in the society.

With this regard, Edwin Sutherland in social disorganization theory underlines the aspect that, Frank Lucas behavior is determined from the background society. Additionally, Clifford Shaw with Henry McKay explains how community greatly attributes to delinquency as well as crime. From their assumptions, if the community is unable to solve problems experienced by youths, it contributes to systematic-criminal behavioral. Overall, Frank Lucas came from a poor background that demanded him to help financially. Unfortunately, there was no one that Lucas looked upon for help. For that reason, he got into selling illegal drugs and robbing to become rich. This implies that, he looked forward to the future including every approach that would rescue him from poverty.

Based on Lucas background, he walked under Johnson wings that in his teachings made Lucas join the criminal organizations. After the death of Johnson in 1968, Lucas took the opportunity of seizing into drug trafficking. From this aspect, Edwin Sutherland argue that, Lucas behavior mostly derived from the members that Lucas related with since; within the inner city, the aspect of becoming delinquent is determined by the interpersonal relationship involving gangs, family and neighborhood. Comparing Lucas behavior with social disorganization theory, we can outline that; the pattern of Lucas felony corresponded to the environment he grew up and people he interacted in the society. Based on Robert Sampson assumption in social disorganization theory; Lucas behavior is contributed by the fact that; children from a broken family have a high tendency of joining violent gangs. Additionally, Robert argue that, unstable communities mostly lack organizations along with political connections to get resources of fighting crime which as a result, gives young people an alternative of deviant behavior. From this assumption, we can derive the aspect that, Lucas coming from unstable community may have contributed to felonious behaviors.

The second theory that best explains Franklin Lucas is learning theory derived from the work of Albert Bandura. Researchers argue that, Albert Bandura proposes the aspect that, learning theory occur in four main stages; role model behavior, understanding of learning concept, imitation of superiors and a close contact. In this aspect, individual behavior is directly related by the context of social interaction, experiences, observing others and the aspect of media influence. Social analyst agree on the fact that, people acquire behaviors from what other people do in addition, central understanding of human thoughts (Bandura, 1977). Bandura argue that, learned behavior is displayed in the environment which an individual grows up which therefore, determines the moral development process.

Learning theory clearly shows how Lucas behavior was influenced by the environment he grew up. For instance, Lucas being the oldest boy in the family, he had to find ways for his family to survive. Depression was raging over his life having challenges in obtaining and holding job to the extent he resorted in stealing food. In his life, he had undergone lack of basic needs until in his later teens, he obtained a job as a truck driver in a pipe company. Because of depression, he got involved in various offenses such as sleeping with the boss’s daughter. Later, he stole over $400 from the company. From this aspect, lack of basic needs like food led him to steal food in his neighborhood, which later graduated to stealing money in the company. In essence, most of his life is documented in robbing and drugs involvement, which clearly indicates how his behavior was contributed by the environment, he grew up.

In criminology, Robert Burgess and Ronald Akers explains that, criminal behavior is transmitted from one person to another thus, increasing criminal behaviors. Moreover, people tend to observe what they watch from the society and social context. This greatly advocates for an  increase in crime and the act of reproducing criminals. From this aspect, Frank Lucas behavior can be explained in the aspect of being influenced from in the environment he grew up. For instance, it well outlined that; he grew up in a poor background exposed to all set of crimes. Businesses of selling illegal drugs were all over in the society along with gambling. Having no one to imitate in good conduct; he got involved into mobster. As outlined by Kachmar (2002), Frank had a passion to come out of poverty to help his family financially. Having encountered with people that made money easily who in this case were gangsters was a rich opportunity for him to flourish from poverty.

In conclusion, based on Robert Burgess and Ronald Akers argument, it with no doubt, Frank behavior was contributed by the life experiences he encountered and his social context. In this regard, this paper has examined the behavior of life of Frank Lucas based on social disorganization and learning theory.

 

References

Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. New York: Prentice Hall Publisher

Kachmar, D.C. (2002). Roy Scheider: a film biography. New York: McFarland Publisher

Siegel, J.L. (2008).  Criminology. New York: Cengage Learning Publisher

 

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Fiction

Introduction

            It is a well-documented fact; the past has shaped our world in every aspect of life. In facts, the world has faced both peace and war moments. With this in mind, literature has played a fundamental role in arranging written materials for symbolic significance. Many poets have emerged in giving themes in poems on the nature of humanity and community. In this regard, the story of Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel and Lottery by Shirley Jackson outline various themes concerning the nature of humanity and community (Henry 1).  Despite the similarities; they have, they differ in themes and symbols. With this regard, this paper seeks to analyze the differences and similarities of The Lottery by Shirley Jackson and Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorn.

The Lottery by Shirley Jackson

            In facts, the Lottery by Shirley Jackson is a short story published in 1948, and since then ranked as the most well-known stories in the American literature history. In brief, the story entails a small village that has three hundred residents contrasted with lottery. To enhance good harvest, children played the duty of gathering stones while adults assembled their yearly events. In essence, the village is misguided by a belief that, the sacrifice of their own would result to rain leading to good crops. Within the first round of lottery, the leader of each family is permitted to draw in a slip small paper. Eventually, Hutchinson Bill gets a black spot paper, which symbolizes his family been selected. Coincidentally, Tessie in her late arrival gets the discernible slip. This annoys Tessie and in her attempt to address unfairness is stoned to death.

In facts, the setting would outline it is perhaps depression times due to the significant of corn harvest. Depression is outlined in the village initiative of sacrificing their own for the sake of good crops in the coming harvest. With this in mind; leaders are led to believe that, it is set in the rural country. The setting suggests that, Jackson story occurs around the time, which it was written earlier or late 1940s. Mrs. Hutchinson is influenced by the setting in the sense that, after realizing what day it was, she dries her hands with an apron and goes running to lottery (Jackson 1).

The tone of the story evolves panic in the sense that, as the story begins; there is the sense of urgency when each town is permitted to draw their slips. The previous ease of the day is replaced with the urgency to finish, and after determining it is Tessie that is spotted by the black spot she ends up killed like a sacrifice.

Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorn

            In facts, Young Goodman Brown is a short story by Hawthorn written in 1835. The story entails the journey of young Goodman Brown who follows into self-scrutiny that causes the loss of his faith. The story starts when Brown leaves his wife Faith to unknown errand to confess his sins for the doubt he had in marriage. Despite Faith pleading his husband not to; Brown insists that the journey is obligatory. In his journey, Brown encounters a stranger that carries a serpent who coincidentally is dressed like him. As the story ends arriving back at his home, Brown loses his wife, and as a result, he lives in suspicion over the cynical man. The story is set during the trial of Salem witch through which John Hathorne was the judge. The plot reveals puritans as the city upon the hill.

Similarities

            In essence, both stories are written in the community setting that involves urban people. The communities offer the characters the place of acceptance which is significant in the two plots. There are laws, traditions and boundaries in each community which makes the community unique. Additionally, each story outlines a happy atmosphere and energetic for instance, the lottery story describes June 27^th as the fresh month, clear and sun whereby flowers were richly blossoming. In this regard, the author generates tranquility and peacefulness mood. Additionally, Young Goodman Brown creates the mood of affection through exchanging with his wife the parting kiss. Both settings indicate a dramatic ending.

Both authors apply the nature of humanity to show the good and evil. For instance, The lottery story outline how the society refuse to stand on its ground against tradition despite the effect it has on sacrificing their own people for the sake of rain. In addition, Young Goodman Brown is the recognition of humanity nature best portrayed by brown self-doubt that he is walking under sin after 3 months in marriage. The journey to the forest outlines Christian self-exploration, which in the end he loses his wife. Brown refuse fails to stand for the truth and instead follows his beliefs.

Both the authors use symbolism to develop each story theme. Hawthorne uses objects and names while Jackson uses names to impose the theme. Both stories have a great impact on history and literature.

Differences

             Hawthorns symbols describe religion while Jackson symbols reflect evil nature of the society. In addition, Hawthorne’s symbolism outlines Satanism while Jackson outlines the evil society. Thirdly, Young Goodman Brown outlines a story on religion while Lottery story outlines a society that valued their tradition on sacrifices. Fourthly, Lottery story outline a community that planted crops while Young Goodman Brown story does not deal with crops.

Conclusion

            In facts, Jackson and Hawthorns left a legacy in literature for their remarkable work. As discussed in the paper, Jackson story entails a small village that has three hundred residents contrasted with lottery while Hawthorns story entails the journey of young Goodman Brown who follows into self-scrutiny that causes the loss of his faith. With no doubts, both stories are interesting to read in the sense that, both stories addresses the nature of humankind. With this regard, this paper has analyzed the differences and similarities of The Lottery by Shirley Jackson and Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorn.

 

Work cited

Henry, Adam. Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorn:

< http://www.online-literature.com/hawthorne/158/> 2000.

Jackson, Shirley.Spark Note on The Lottery:

<http://www.sparknotes.com/short-stories/the-lottery/> 2007.

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Female Gender Images in Advertising

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Throughout ages, female images have been used to advertise many products from food, cars and body lotion among others. With no doubt; magazines are full of female images portraying perfect marriage, rewarding career and great sex. In this regard, the standard of beauty has been imposed in women because; women body images tend to attract both men and some female. This implies that, female media images are so much convicting that, they drive people to love the product. While looking at pros and cons of female images advertising; Napoli, Murgolo-Poore and Boudville (2003) argue that, female images advertising enhance industry growth while on the other hand, to some extent, beauty is promoted with thinness as the core criterion of beauty. With this in mind, many teenagers that believe they are overweight have gone on diet to loose weight to confirm on the media definition of true beauty. With this regard, this paper seeks to discuss females’ gender images in advertising based on Napoli, Murgolo-Poore and Boudville (2003).

The Pro’s/ Strengths

            In the article female gender images in adolescent magazine advertising 2003, Napoli, Murgolo-Poore and Boudville are on view that, the use of female images in adolescents’ magazine advertising to some extent has benefits. First, use of female images in magazines is prevalent in the sense that, women are still linked with beauty and younger than men. The physical attractiveness of women as perceived as smarter and seductive thus, having a positive influence on the women beauty dominance in the society. Secondly, female images in advertising have a positive influence in commercials industry in the sense, they create an urge to have the advertised products. This implies that, women bodies are essential in attracting many consumers on the actual purchase thus, reinforcing power in advertising. Thirdly, in some ways, the issue of female images advertising is paramount important in creating the ideal thing of how a woman should appeal. Under this context, diversities that appeal in adverts in terms of social class, education and role in the society if used in the right aspect may enhance a positive ideal on woman position in society.

Cons/ Weaknesses

            With no doubt; advertising through female images in adolescent magazine advertising have various side effects. As argued by Napoli, Murgolo-Poore and Boudville (2003), most advertisers have been accused of imposing inadequacy on women. It has been assumed that, many adolescents or adults that encounter female images in magazine adverts, have had a sense of inadequacy in attractiveness to the extent, many ends up believing they are not appealing compared to the media-driven images of attractiveness. With this in mind, there have been cases of insecurities and mood disturbances among women when viewing media images defining the societal bias of attractiveness. It is a documented fact; many women have ended up feeling less attractive to the extent of buying the advertised products to appeal like the image advertised.             Subsequently, many women have been reported to suffer from depression in the development of unhealthy eating habits, skipping meals, fasting and excessive exercise in the name of weight control to attain beauty in thinness. As a result, many have suffered health consequences due to eating disorders thus, creating mood disturbance altogether. Still, women magazines have promoted weight loss to the extent, of giving messages on how to change a woman appearance by cosmetic surgery. With this fact, many teenagers seem to buck the call from media for beauty thus creating a red flag to the society on the ideal nature of beauty. As discussed in the article female gender images in adolescent magazine advertising, most of the female images portrayed in Australian magazines are represented in one ethnic group, which in reality, affects migrants. In facts, Napoli, Murgolo-Poore and Boudville (2003) argue that, approximately 27% of inhabitants living in Australia have at least one overseas-born parent thus, imposing effects that magazine adverts impose while advertising in one ethnic group. In reality, it may reinforce racism amongst readers. In addition media fails in creating a society that does not accept all people regardless of gender, race, body shape and weight. The aspect is frustrating for lack instilling sense of worth thus, having an impact on self-identity.

Why support authors assumption?

            Based on my perceptive, Napoli, Murgolo-Poore and Boudville have effectively analyzed the concept of female images as portrayed in adolescents’ magazine. Based on their assumption, adolescents’ magazines are full of female bodies’ images. Even though many advertisers do it for commercial purposes; there are various side effects that emerge. To some extent, female bodies has been portrayed like a sex object in that, there are seductive pictures of women images everywhere used in advertising products. As a result, this has caused many to view women as sex objects to the extent many rape cases have emerged.

Insecurity among adolescents has been a concern as a result of viewing magazine adverts. Many have ended up deceived on matters of ideal beauty, which as a result, causing many to conform on what media calls ideal beauty. With these facts, I conquer with Napoli, Murgolo-Poore and Boudville arguments on how female images have had negative consequences among adolescents.

 

Roles that can be acquired during early and middle adulthood and how these roles have changed through the past generations

According to Lewis (2009). There are various roles that can be acquired during early and middle adulthood. These include eating a balance diet, Romantic relationship, and having a sense of identity. Parents play a fundamental role in bringing up their children. During early and middle adulthood, parents can initiate a healthy lifestyle to their children by imposing the need for eating a balance diet. Nevertheless, things have changed in that, parents no longer initiate a health living lifestyle to their children, and as a result, many end up influenced by media in their definition of the type of food to eat to attain the ideal beauty. In addition, there are may be a strong foundation of sense of identity that enhances living a purposed life. Subsequently, in the past, household chores were assumed to be women responsibilities while paying of bills was believed to be the man’ responsibility. With no doubt; things have changed in couples’s relationship in that; men are no longer responsible of everything. Women are out in the workforce in addition, taking care of some bills while men helping out in household chores.

In addition, in past years, women were so much categorized with certain careers. Women were outline as the weaker sex thus, being assumed to perform poor in various careers such as engineering. However, things have changed to the extent; women have performed better in careers that were sidelined for men.

The psychological adjustments made during early and middle adulthood to adapt to aging and changes in life style and how this affect development

According to Media Awareness Network (2010), middle age adults are usually at their disposal lifestyles, which if done effectively can mitigate or slow the inventible signs of aging. Factors such as nutrition, weight, alcohol consumption are some of the factors, which influence aging and disease. In conclusion, in early adulthood, there are adjustments for both women and men in sexual expression in the sense that, there is a strong urge for sexual activities.

 

References

Lewis, J. (2009). Impact of television on the perception of body image by male children.     Wellington: Library and Archives Canada Bibliothèque et Archives Canada

Media Awareness Network. (2010). Beauty and Body Image in the Media:

http://www.media-      awareness.ca/english/issues/stereotyping/women_and_girls/women_beauty.cfm

Napoli, J., Murgolo-Poore, M.,& Boudville, I. (2003). Female Gender Images in Adolescent         Magazine Advertising. Australasian Marketing Journal 11 (1) 60-68

 

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Federal Reserve or a computer?

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Support of Milton Friedman arguments

            In my opinion, I agree with Milton Friedman argument that Federal Reserve should be replaced with a computer. The use of electronics such as computers can reduce the amount of time the banks takes in receiving funds. This is because the banks will no longer wait for other banks to receive paper checks before they send funds. As the use of computers becomes part of everyday life, there is acknowledgment on growing popularity on online banking and commerce. Customers can access account information in form of electronic data instead of going to the bank, an approach which saves a lot of time. Individuals can pay bills in a very short time through the use of the internet instead of spending money on postage to send paper checks and money orders. The risks of bills arriving late are significantly reduced (Friedman, 1998).

Electronic wire transfers such as automatic teller machine (ATM) benefits consumers in such a way that they are able to access their accounts and perform transactions at any time of the day. It saves the customer the time required to go to a bank which in some cases may be a few miles away. In addition, it is possible to access the account during, weekends and public holidays. That apart, it is paramount to understand that, the Federal Reserve System uses resources that could be used elsewhere. Milton Friedman therefore proposed the best approach for monetary rule which implies that, money should be given time to grow at a constant rate in a certain duration of time normally a year. When economic growth is slow, monetary expansion is more rapidly to occur and when economic growth is growing rapidly, there is greater expansion   of the Reserve which results to expansion of economy rate (Friedman, 1998).

           

 

Does Federal Reserve do more harm than good?

            Federal Reserve does more good than bad. Central bank is one of the most powerful economic institutions. Federal Reserve is important for it influences power over money and regulation of its value. These functions are responsible for inflation, management for total spending in country and aggregate demand.  Federal Reserve, influences foreign exchange rates along with other financial market prices in banking. In times of financial crisis, it lends loans to banking organization. Different Studies have argued that, Federal Reserve economic policy is the key determinant of inflation that can unfavorably affect savings and distort investment choices (Mishkin, 2003). The knowledge of inflation helps the government                                                                                                                                                         in enhancing its tax revenue thus reducing country real debt. In additional, it helps to deform signals of price systems in market economy. Recent researches shows that, higher inflation is usually linked with low economic growth and the only involvement economic policy can ensure long-term economic growth is through promoting price stability (Murdock, 2001). As a result, there is great accord among scholars that price stability being the key purpose of economic policy can only be achieved through use of Federal Reserve. This approach determines and influences interest rates. The key interest affects sectors of economy that include housing, auto along with investment that control interest rates through operating reserves.  In additional to this, it is vital to note that, Short-term rates are directly influenced through Federal policy that involves purchases as well as sales of securities for short-term government which influences bank reserves. On the other hand, long-term rates are also influenced by changes in inflationary expectations. However, Federal Reserve can cause harm when increasing supply of money to boost economy for this approach can result to money losing its value leading to high inflations. Federal Reserve has affected economy system in United States by making dollar loose its value (Friedman, 1998).

 

            The role of the federal reserve in USA economy and its importance

One of the main responsibilities of Federal Reserve in United States is to maintain price stability. This has been successful for the past fifteen years which has lead to inflation comprehensive measures becoming lesser. High energy prices have impacted American economy contributing to broad series by increasing prices for products as well as services across economy. In effort of maintaining stability, Federal Reserves a times is usually used to slow the economy when it is too high (Friedman, 1998).

 

 

The federal Reserves help in conducting monetary policy.  They do this by balancing the current prices of gold and other commodities. Price movement of these products serves as a sign of monetary policy. During financial adversities, it provides a lender-of-last-resort service which stabilizes economic system. Central Bank being the vital supplier system of money in entire world can satisfy liquidity demand of American thus preventing shortage of finances thus making the economic system stable. Federal Reserves helps in management of Aggregate demand in US economy. Most economists argue that, total spending or else total demand is usually determined by monetary policy. This means that, if the Government Issue taxes without operating together with Central Bank can be fully not be accurate in monetary policy varying budget deficits of economic activity. Federal reserves open market committee which helps in opening market opportunities (Murdock, 2001).

. This tool influences short term reserve resulting to economic growth in additional to directing foreign exchange in United States. Federal system helps in determining inflation made by monetary policy. United State government has enhanced tax and revenue leading to payment of debts. The knowledge of Inflation has helped USA Economy to deform signals of price systems in market products. In cases when the country has been in debt it has promoted price stability that has ensured economic growth. There are twelve Federal Reserve banks in United State which perform a number of functions which include operating system of nationwide payment, supervising financial institutions in the country, distributing currency of the country, in addition to serving other commercial banks in U.S. Treasury. Each bank has a President nominated by its board of directors and approved by the Board of Governor. Studies have shown that, New York Bank is the first world’s financial center which serves as the Federal Open Market which conducts operations on open market along with foreign exchange intervention (Mishkin, 2003).

Strength of Milton’s Friedman argument

Friedman was best known for his argument on vitalizing interest in money supply as a determinant of the nominal value of output. Milton’s Friedman argument on replacing federal reserves with computers have a strength on saving  time for banks organization in transferring data’s. This argument has its strength on banks in that they will no longer wait for other banks to receive paper checks before they send funds thus saving time. As the use of computers becomes part of every day life, there is acknowledgment on growing popularity on online banking and bill payment. Result of this will save time for Customers that will make them access account information over electronic data instead of going to bank that may7 be miles away. Computers helps to store information needed in Federal Reserve, such as giving loans, knowing clients account information before issuing loans among others. This will help banking organizations keep information on debts thus avoiding to give loans to those that may be in debts. Friedman was also known for his argument that worked on the consumption function.

Conclusion

In conclusion, for congress, the Federal Reserve is important in a country economy. It helps to set price systems, price mechanisms in market economy. The Federal Reserve plays a vital responsibility in United State payments that influences economy. It helps to generate revenues and expenses paid in institutions along with United State government. Over the years, its role in banking has expanded that has helped in managing American economy. However, a federal reserve has disadvantages on bank organizations in that national bank is usually made dependent on government liabilities. The expansion of liabilities may lead to undesirable expansions of circulation in government denying new measures on money circulations privileges (Friedman, 1998).

Implementing Milton’s Friedman argument therefore, will save time in accessing bank information. Information will be saved for future use that can be used in determining how the country is growing economically.

 

References

Friedman, M (1998). The case for overhauling the Federal Reserve.  Retrieved on 11^TH February, 2011 from:

Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. Introduction to Federal Reserve (n.d.) Fed 101, Retrieved on 11^th February, 2011 from:  http://www.federalreserveeducation.org/fed101%5Fhtml/

Murdock, D (2001). An interview with Rose and Milton Friedman. National Review Online.  Retrieved on August, 2009 from:

Mishkin F. (2003). Structure of central banks and the Federal Reserve system.  The Economics of Money, Banking and Financial Markets Windows, 7^th Edition, Addison Wesley: New York

 

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Case Study

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In brief, the case study depicts an account of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which is liable for saving banks. In this context, their core responsibility is to ensure that banks comply with all federal regulations. In 2005, the FDIC started an audit in Southeast community bank that was founded in 1888. The bank consisted of fifteen branches within Southeast state. From the case study, the bank provides full range of services to the commercial and consumer market. Since its existence, the bank’s security staff and information technology has been small but, with dedicated team professionals, which impressed the audit team. With an attempt to investigate how the bank carried its duties, the audit firm depicted some inquisitive answers, which consequentially displayed their discontentment in their report. Typically, the audit firms were exasperated by the bank response that, information levels had never classified information and authorized protection levels. The bank was found guilty over for not compiling to federal regulations. This paper seeks to analyze the case study through answering the following questions.

1. 1.      Who should take the responsibility for this project?

The Southeast Community bank should take the responsibility for this project in ensuring that, the bank compile to federal regulations. Typically, the internal audits should diligently work together with the bank to offer guidance on auditing.

1. 2.      Is this one or two project?

From my opinion, this is one project that demands intervention of respective roles of bank and auditors. For the bank to achieve its respective goals there is need to involve people from different areas of expertise to ensure that the bank run smoothly.

 

1. 3.      Who should  be involved in this projects

In this context, an audit manager should be involved in this project for the purpose of internal audit agenda of the bank. Audit manager works in hand with Audit Committee board of directors to govern the audit guidelines in addition, coordinates actions of bank’s external auditors. Duties and responsibilities include reviewing accounting procedures and conducting independent audits of bank activities and records. Similarly, an audit manager conduct, supervises, and report bank’s internal controls over financial reporting. In doing this, he recommends remedial action for suggestive improvement, which eventually assists to explore causes of errors and irregularities.

1. 4.      Would you engage external resources? Why or why not?

In this case, I would engage external resources to effectively carry out responsibilities in accordance with bank polices and applicable laws. This is because; the proportional of both internal and external management is essential for increasing productivity.

1. 5.      How would you gain consensus?

In this case, I would gain consensus by substantially involving external managers who in turn would provide an opportunity for creating a broad-based management. In doing this, the bank would place emphasize on developing qualified resources to monitor external manager.

1. What involvement should the board of Directors have?

The board of directors is appointed by shareholders to govern and monitor the bank maneuver. Board of directors should be involved in selecting the top executive officers, and consequentially review their performance. Additionally, board of directors should invent broad strategies and goals for the bank through setting priorities. They should effectively manage risk to limit the bank from exposure of any kind including financial, reputation, and legal, which h eventually maintains a balance between venture and watchfulness (Zopounidis, 2002).

 

 

References

Zopounidis, C. (2002). New Trends in banking Management. New York: Springer             Publisher

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