Category: Essays

a. occurs when a person presents another person’s argument in a weak, misrepresented, or exaggerated form in order to win the argument. The reason this argument is fallacious is that it is not representative of their opponent’s true position.

b. is used when a person argues against an action on the unsupported assertion that it will lead to a much worse condition. An assumption is taking place. A leads to B which will inevitably lead to C.

c. which is also known as One-sidedness or Special Pleading is arguing a point by selecting and presenting only the evidence that supports one’s current position or opinion. It omits the evidence against it.

d. is raising an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the primary issue. This fallacy often appeals to fear or pity. The argument also can use guilt to manipulate others into agreement and action. It is often inserted into an argument to help a person win the argument without directly dealing with the real issue. It is irrelevant to the real issue at hand, though it may seem to be related.

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a. 4

b. one that is designed to change the subject.

c. a faulty argument based on intellectual errors.

d. one that seeks a proper conclusion but has insufficient data to support that conclusion.

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a. This argument is sometimes referred to as “circular reasoning.” It occurs in an argument when a person assumes that their conclusion is true by the premise itself, or that the conclusion is supported by itself, or by simply restating the conclusion in a different way.

b. used when a person appeals to the opinions of an expert in a field rather than doing their own research. It is assumed that their conclusions are true based solely on their reputation. It is also used when a person appeals to the authority of a popular, well-liked person, who is respected by the audience, but the person has no real authority on the matter.

c. is used when a person claims something is true simply because it cannot be disproved, or that something is fictitious because it cannot be proven to be true.

d. is used when a person justifies a course of action because “everyone else is doing it.” This argument is often used when peer pressure (fear of rejection or promise of affection) causes a person to defend their action or inaction.

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a. a faulty argument based on intellectual errors.

b. used when a person appeals to the opinions of an expert in a field rather than doing their own research. It is assumed that their conclusions are true based solely on their reputation. It is also used when a person appeals to the authority of a popular, well-liked person, who is respected by the audience, but the person has no real authority on the matter.

c. one that is designed to change the subject.

d. one that seeks a proper conclusion but has insufficient data to support that conclusion.

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a. is when a judgement is made about an entire group of people based upon the behavior, usually undesirable, of a few in that group. This is also known more popularly as stereotyping.

b. is to conclude that an effect has only one cause when in reality it is the result of multiple causes. It is also ignoring the complexity of the issue and omitting other vital information to draw a conclusion.

c. occurs when one makes a judgement on the bases of one or even a few samples. This argument is used when a conclusion is made without enough evidence.

d. occurs in an argument when a person oversimplifies a complex issue to make it appear that only two alternatives are possible. There are times when only two options exist. However, when this fallacy does occur, you should ask yourself whether additional options are plausible.

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a. False

b. True

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a. occurs when an argument is formulated on the basis of a comparison of unrelated things. Sometimes that approach is appropriate. However, there are times when an argument is given but its comparison is not legitimate.

b. This argument is sometimes referred to as “circular reasoning.” It occurs in an argument when a person assumes that their conclusion is true by the premise itself, or that the conclusion is supported by itself, or by simply restating the conclusion in a different way.

c. occurs in an argument when a person oversimplifies a complex issue to make it appear that only two alternatives are possible. There are times when only two options exist. However, when this fallacy does occur, you should ask yourself whether additional options are plausible.

d. is used when a person justifies a course of action because “everyone else is doing it.” This argument is often used when peer pressure (fear of rejection or promise of affection) causes a person to defend their action or inaction.

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a. True

b. False

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a. is raising an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the primary issue. This fallacy often appeals to fear or pity. The argument also can use guilt to manipulate others into agreement and action. It is often inserted into an argument to help a person win the argument without directly dealing with the real issue. It is irrelevant to the real issue at hand, though it may seem to be related.

b. occurs when one makes a judgement on the bases of one or even a few samples. This argument is used when a conclusion is made without enough evidence.

c. occurs in an argument when a person oversimplifies a complex issue to make it appear that only two alternatives are possible. There are times when only two options exist. However, when this fallacy does occur, you should ask yourself whether additional options are plausible.

d. is to conclude that an effect has only one cause when in reality it is the result of multiple causes. It is also ignoring the complexity of the issue and omitting other vital information to draw a conclusion.

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a. literally means “To the Man.” This fallacy seeks to discredit a person’s argument by attacking their personal character, origin, associations, etc., rather than their ideas. It is often used when one person realizes that he cannot defend his beliefs, so he attempts to win an argument in a popular way through personal or humorous attacks.

b. is used when a person claims something is true simply because it cannot be disproved, or that something is fictitious because it cannot be proven to be true.

c. used when a person appeals to the opinions of an expert in a field rather than doing their own research. It is assumed that their conclusions are true based solely on their reputation. It is also used when a person appeals to the authority of a popular, well-liked person, who is respected by the audience, but the person has no real authority on the matter.

d. is used when a person justifies a course of action because “everyone else is doing it.” This argument is often used when peer pressure (fear of rejection or promise of affection) causes a person to defend their action or inaction.

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